太阳能—空气复合热泵系统的应用技术研究
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摘要
太阳能作为清洁环保的可再生能源,其开发利用成为本世纪解决环境问题的有效途径。太阳能用于建筑供热与制冷不仅可以减少环境污染,并且能大大降低建筑能耗。
本文提出一种新型的太阳能-空气复合热泵系统形式,主要分析研究太阳能集热系统、蓄热系统与空气源热泵结合对室内供暖保障率的影响以及系统应用的多功能性。通过新的控制策略,融合太阳能与空气源热泵的利用,以较高的系统综合利用率和较低的运行费用,实现建筑空气调节和制取热水功能。
本文首先综述了太阳能在建筑热水、采暖领域的应用,并做了经济性对比分析,指出太阳能与其他能源相比有着不可比拟的优势。结合课题需要,做了太阳能采暖实验,对冬季采暖与非采暖时间系统各部分数据进行了采集。结合实验数据,综合分析太阳能集热系统、蓄热系统对建筑供暖保障率的影响,得出太阳能集热系统满足室内供暖保障率30%左右为宜,蓄热系统主要考虑满足用户热水需求。并且对太阳能采暖进行经济对比分析,指出太阳能用于建筑供暖相比燃气炉、集中供暖具有系统综合利用率高、运行费用低、初投资回收期短等优势。
其次,根据太阳能集热系统、蓄热系统分析结果,提出一种新型的太阳能-空气复合热泵系统。系统有两个蓄热水箱,供暖的同时满足四季热水供应,并提高了太阳能集热器集热效率。空气源热泵机组使用三台换热器,两台串联,更好的提取低温水箱热量并保护换热器在水温较低的情况下满足防冻要求。运用巧妙的控制策略,实现建筑冬季供暖、夏季供冷、全年热水供应,其中太阳能辅助供热与夏天热泵制热水成为系统关键的节能技术。通过对系统各部分理论分析,得出各部件设计计算依据,确定系统各部分最佳匹配关系,使整个系统设备利用率达到最高。
最后,对太阳能-空气复合热泵系统进行经济性与节能效益分析,系统相比户式中央空调、电热膜+家用空调具有运行费用低、投资回收期短等优势。并计算出其中太阳能系统年节能量16647.6MJ,节能费用2497.1元,静态投资回收期3年,动态投资回收期4.56年,寿命内减排二氧化碳约34.5t。其自身对环境保护也有明显的节能效益,具有广阔的发展前景,这对我国寻求能源和环境两大社会问题的出路具有极其深远的意义。
Solar energy is as clean environmental protection of renewable energy,its development and utilization become effective ways of solving environmental problems in this century. solar used for building heating and cooling can not only reduce the pollution of the environment,and also can greatly reduce energy consumption.
This paper presents a new type of solar-air composite heat pump system,main analyzed indoor heating effect of qualification and the multifunctional system application from solar-thermal systems and heat storage systems and air source heat pump combination.Through the new control strategy,fusion the solar energy and the use of air source heat pump,with higher system comprehensive utilization and low operating cost,achieving architectural air conditioning and making hot water function.
This paper first reviews the solar energy in building hot water、heating field of application, and made the economic contrast analysis,pointed out that solar energy has incomparable advantage compared with other energy.Combining subject,and made the solar heating experiment,Acquisition each system part data in winter heating time and no heating time.Combined experimental data,comprehensive analysis building heating effect of qualification from solar-thermal systems and heat storage system,Draw solar system satisfies the indoor heating workman 30% advisable,heat storage system main consideration to meet user hot water needs.For solar heating economic contrast analysis for building heating,and points out that the solar energy has high efficiency integrated system、low operating cost、short initial investment payback period and other advantages compared with burning gas、central heating system synthetical.
Secondly, according to the analysis results of solar system and heat storage system,it puts forward a new solar-air composite heat pump system,the system has two tank.Heating and satisfy the four seasons hot water supply at the same time,improving the efficiency of solar energy collectors,air source heat pump units use three heat exchanger and two series,Better extracte water heat from tank and protect water heat exchanger in the situation of low meet antifreeze requirements.Adopting ingenious control strategy,achieve architectural winter heating、summer cooling、annual hot water supply.Solar auxiliary heating and summer heat pump system hot water become a system key energy-saving technology.Through the designing and calculationing of various parts for the system,to determine the best matching relation between each part system, making whole system equipment utilization rate achieve the highest。
Again, to make economy and energy-saving benefit analysis of new solar-air composite heat pump system,The system has low operating cost、the investment capital is recovered short and other advantages compare with households type central air conditioning、electrothermal+ household air-conditioner.And calculates that the solar system festival energy 16647.6 MJ,energy saving cost 2497.1 yuan,static the investment capital is recovered in 3 years,dynamic the investment capital can be recovered in 4.56 years,life carbon-dioxide emissions within about 34.5 t。Its environmental protection are obvious energy saving efficiency,and has a broad prospects for development,it has the profound significance for seeking to solve two big social problems of energy and environmental.
本文提出一种新型的太阳能-空气复合热泵系统形式,主要分析研究太阳能集热系统、蓄热系统与空气源热泵结合对室内供暖保障率的影响以及系统应用的多功能性。通过新的控制策略,融合太阳能与空气源热泵的利用,以较高的系统综合利用率和较低的运行费用,实现建筑空气调节和制取热水功能。
本文首先综述了太阳能在建筑热水、采暖领域的应用,并做了经济性对比分析,指出太阳能与其他能源相比有着不可比拟的优势。结合课题需要,做了太阳能采暖实验,对冬季采暖与非采暖时间系统各部分数据进行了采集。结合实验数据,综合分析太阳能集热系统、蓄热系统对建筑供暖保障率的影响,得出太阳能集热系统满足室内供暖保障率30%左右为宜,蓄热系统主要考虑满足用户热水需求。并且对太阳能采暖进行经济对比分析,指出太阳能用于建筑供暖相比燃气炉、集中供暖具有系统综合利用率高、运行费用低、初投资回收期短等优势。
其次,根据太阳能集热系统、蓄热系统分析结果,提出一种新型的太阳能-空气复合热泵系统。系统有两个蓄热水箱,供暖的同时满足四季热水供应,并提高了太阳能集热器集热效率。空气源热泵机组使用三台换热器,两台串联,更好的提取低温水箱热量并保护换热器在水温较低的情况下满足防冻要求。运用巧妙的控制策略,实现建筑冬季供暖、夏季供冷、全年热水供应,其中太阳能辅助供热与夏天热泵制热水成为系统关键的节能技术。通过对系统各部分理论分析,得出各部件设计计算依据,确定系统各部分最佳匹配关系,使整个系统设备利用率达到最高。
最后,对太阳能-空气复合热泵系统进行经济性与节能效益分析,系统相比户式中央空调、电热膜+家用空调具有运行费用低、投资回收期短等优势。并计算出其中太阳能系统年节能量16647.6MJ,节能费用2497.1元,静态投资回收期3年,动态投资回收期4.56年,寿命内减排二氧化碳约34.5t。其自身对环境保护也有明显的节能效益,具有广阔的发展前景,这对我国寻求能源和环境两大社会问题的出路具有极其深远的意义。
Solar energy is as clean environmental protection of renewable energy,its development and utilization become effective ways of solving environmental problems in this century. solar used for building heating and cooling can not only reduce the pollution of the environment,and also can greatly reduce energy consumption.
This paper presents a new type of solar-air composite heat pump system,main analyzed indoor heating effect of qualification and the multifunctional system application from solar-thermal systems and heat storage systems and air source heat pump combination.Through the new control strategy,fusion the solar energy and the use of air source heat pump,with higher system comprehensive utilization and low operating cost,achieving architectural air conditioning and making hot water function.
This paper first reviews the solar energy in building hot water、heating field of application, and made the economic contrast analysis,pointed out that solar energy has incomparable advantage compared with other energy.Combining subject,and made the solar heating experiment,Acquisition each system part data in winter heating time and no heating time.Combined experimental data,comprehensive analysis building heating effect of qualification from solar-thermal systems and heat storage system,Draw solar system satisfies the indoor heating workman 30% advisable,heat storage system main consideration to meet user hot water needs.For solar heating economic contrast analysis for building heating,and points out that the solar energy has high efficiency integrated system、low operating cost、short initial investment payback period and other advantages compared with burning gas、central heating system synthetical.
Secondly, according to the analysis results of solar system and heat storage system,it puts forward a new solar-air composite heat pump system,the system has two tank.Heating and satisfy the four seasons hot water supply at the same time,improving the efficiency of solar energy collectors,air source heat pump units use three heat exchanger and two series,Better extracte water heat from tank and protect water heat exchanger in the situation of low meet antifreeze requirements.Adopting ingenious control strategy,achieve architectural winter heating、summer cooling、annual hot water supply.Solar auxiliary heating and summer heat pump system hot water become a system key energy-saving technology.Through the designing and calculationing of various parts for the system,to determine the best matching relation between each part system, making whole system equipment utilization rate achieve the highest。
Again, to make economy and energy-saving benefit analysis of new solar-air composite heat pump system,The system has low operating cost、the investment capital is recovered short and other advantages compare with households type central air conditioning、electrothermal+ household air-conditioner.And calculates that the solar system festival energy 16647.6 MJ,energy saving cost 2497.1 yuan,static the investment capital is recovered in 3 years,dynamic the investment capital can be recovered in 4.56 years,life carbon-dioxide emissions within about 34.5 t。Its environmental protection are obvious energy saving efficiency,and has a broad prospects for development,it has the profound significance for seeking to solve two big social problems of energy and environmental.
引文
[1]2010年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[R].中华人民共和国国家统计局,2011.2
[2]施宜.能源-环境-经济协调发展问题的相关理论和应用研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2008
[3]胡文斌.建筑物复合能量系统集成建模的策略研究及在设计层面的实现[D].广州：华南理工大学,2002,16-30
[4]涂凤祥.建筑节能[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002,1-21
[5]江亿.我国建筑能耗状况及有效的节能途径[J].暖通空调,2005,35(5)：30-40
[6]薛志峰,江亿.北京市大型公共建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析[J].暖通空调,2004,34(9)：8-10,24
[7]谢艳群.长沙市住宅能耗调查实测及其影响因素的统计分析研究[D].长沙：湖南大学,2007,1-6
[8]王如竹.关于建筑节能及复合能量系统的几点思考[J].太阳能学报,2007.23(3).22-35.
[9]姜宏安,杨晓光.住宅用太阳能热水系统探讨[J].中国西部科技,2004,(4)：78-79
[10]郑瑞澄.太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖[J].太阳能,2005,(1)：14-16
[11]姚杨,马最良。浅议热泵定义[J].暖通空调,2005,32(3)：33
[12]旷于晖,于立强。太阳能热泵供热系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2006,23(4)：8-13
[13]Kuang YH,wang RZ。 performance of a multi-funcational direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump system[J].solar energy,2006,80(7):795-803
[14]Y.W. LI, R.Z.Wang, J.Y.Wu. Expermental performance analysis on a direct-expansion solar-assisted hear pump water heater[J].Applied Thermal Engineering。 2007,27(17-18):2858-2868.
[15]Y.W. LI, R.Z.Wang, J.Y.Wu. Expermental performance analysis and optimization of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater[J].Energy,2007,32(8):1361-1374
[16]B.J.Huang, J.P.Chyng.Integral-type solar-assisted heat pump water heater[J].Renewable Energy,1999,16(1-4):731-734.
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[18]F.B.Gorozabel Chata,S.K.Chaturvedi,A.Almogbel.Analysis of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump using different refrigerants[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2005,46(15-16):2614-2624
[19]R.Yamankaradeniz,I.Horuz.The theoretical and experimental investigation of the charavteristics of solar-assisted heat pump for clear days[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,1998,25(6):885-898.
[20]Omer Comakli,Mahmut Bayramoglu,Kamil Kaygusuz.A thermodynamic model of a solar assisted heat pump system with energy storage[J].Solar Energy,1996,56(6):485-492.
[21]旷玉辉,王如竹.太阳能热泵[J].太阳能,2008,(2)：13-14
[22]赵军,马一太等.太阳能热泵供热系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2003,14(4)：306-310
[23]林国星,严子峻.不可逆太阳能热泵系统集热器的最佳工作温度[J].太阳能学报,1996,17(4)371-375
[24]张小松等.太阳能热泵组合系统中的设备能量方程[J].建筑热能通风空调,2000, (1)：23-25
[25]毕月娇,陈林根.太阳能-土壤热源热泵的性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,21(2)：214-216
[26]顾晓燕.太阳能制冷及供暖综合系统研究[D].南京：南京理工大学 2005.6：1-2
[27]旷玉辉,王如竹.太阳能热泵[D].太阳能,2h b9jvi006, (2)：20-24
[28]齐政新,杨基春等.利用太阳能地板采暖减少建筑能耗[J].中国能源,2001,(6)：28-30
[29]ASHRAE, ASHRAE, Handbook-Fundamentals[M].Altamta:ASHRAE,1989
[30]齐政新,李岩.太阳低温地板辐射采暖系统的探讨[J].煤气与热力,2003.2(5)：312-315
[31]段志强,吴家庆.玻璃真空管太阳能集热器及其初步应用[J].真空应用,1986(3)
[32]张小松,兰国彬等.太阳能热泵组合系统中的设备能量平衡[J].建筑热能通风空调,2000,(1)：23-25
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[2]施宜.能源-环境-经济协调发展问题的相关理论和应用研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2008
[3]胡文斌.建筑物复合能量系统集成建模的策略研究及在设计层面的实现[D].广州：华南理工大学,2002,16-30
[4]涂凤祥.建筑节能[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002,1-21
[5]江亿.我国建筑能耗状况及有效的节能途径[J].暖通空调,2005,35(5)：30-40
[6]薛志峰,江亿.北京市大型公共建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析[J].暖通空调,2004,34(9)：8-10,24
[7]谢艳群.长沙市住宅能耗调查实测及其影响因素的统计分析研究[D].长沙：湖南大学,2007,1-6
[8]王如竹.关于建筑节能及复合能量系统的几点思考[J].太阳能学报,2007.23(3).22-35.
[9]姜宏安,杨晓光.住宅用太阳能热水系统探讨[J].中国西部科技,2004,(4)：78-79
[10]郑瑞澄.太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖[J].太阳能,2005,(1)：14-16
[11]姚杨,马最良。浅议热泵定义[J].暖通空调,2005,32(3)：33
[12]旷于晖,于立强。太阳能热泵供热系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2006,23(4)：8-13
[13]Kuang YH,wang RZ。 performance of a multi-funcational direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump system[J].solar energy,2006,80(7):795-803
[14]Y.W. LI, R.Z.Wang, J.Y.Wu. Expermental performance analysis on a direct-expansion solar-assisted hear pump water heater[J].Applied Thermal Engineering。 2007,27(17-18):2858-2868.
[15]Y.W. LI, R.Z.Wang, J.Y.Wu. Expermental performance analysis and optimization of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater[J].Energy,2007,32(8):1361-1374
[16]B.J.Huang, J.P.Chyng.Integral-type solar-assisted heat pump water heater[J].Renewable Energy,1999,16(1-4):731-734.
[17]S.K.Chaturvedi,J.Y.Shen.Thermal performance of a direct expansion solar-assisted heat pump[J].Solar Energy,1984,32(2):155-162.
[18]F.B.Gorozabel Chata,S.K.Chaturvedi,A.Almogbel.Analysis of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump using different refrigerants[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2005,46(15-16):2614-2624
[19]R.Yamankaradeniz,I.Horuz.The theoretical and experimental investigation of the charavteristics of solar-assisted heat pump for clear days[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,1998,25(6):885-898.
[20]Omer Comakli,Mahmut Bayramoglu,Kamil Kaygusuz.A thermodynamic model of a solar assisted heat pump system with energy storage[J].Solar Energy,1996,56(6):485-492.
[21]旷玉辉,王如竹.太阳能热泵[J].太阳能,2008,(2)：13-14
[22]赵军,马一太等.太阳能热泵供热系统的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2003,14(4)：306-310
[23]林国星,严子峻.不可逆太阳能热泵系统集热器的最佳工作温度[J].太阳能学报,1996,17(4)371-375
[24]张小松等.太阳能热泵组合系统中的设备能量方程[J].建筑热能通风空调,2000, (1)：23-25
[25]毕月娇,陈林根.太阳能-土壤热源热泵的性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,21(2)：214-216
[26]顾晓燕.太阳能制冷及供暖综合系统研究[D].南京：南京理工大学 2005.6：1-2
[27]旷玉辉,王如竹.太阳能热泵[D].太阳能,2h b9jvi006, (2)：20-24
[28]齐政新,杨基春等.利用太阳能地板采暖减少建筑能耗[J].中国能源,2001,(6)：28-30
[29]ASHRAE, ASHRAE, Handbook-Fundamentals[M].Altamta:ASHRAE,1989
[30]齐政新,李岩.太阳低温地板辐射采暖系统的探讨[J].煤气与热力,2003.2(5)：312-315
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