金属矿山地下采矿方法选择系统
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摘要
采矿方法是矿山建设和生产的核心内容,寻求安全、高效、经济、合理的采矿方法是矿山生产建设的迫切需要,也是矿山进行合理规划、经济开采和安全生产的坚实基础。
本文综述了现有采矿方法的选择方法,为弥补其不足和实现地下采矿方法选择的智能化,提出了金属矿山地下采矿方法选择系统。在针对矿山的实际需要和充分分析矿块回采问题的基础上,建立了采矿方法知识库,编制了推理机、用户接口、解释器、知识库管理等程序模块,形成了金属矿山地下采矿方法选择系统的框架,为进一步开发奠定了基础。
首先,在大量研究和资料收集的基础上,建立了完整的采矿方法系统知识库,介绍了采矿方法知识库的建库构想、原则、知识库的结构等。知识库中包含了采矿方法的分类和具体矿山资料。将采矿方法分为五大类,共52种,包含了空场法、崩落法、充填法、地下组合式采矿法、联合式采矿法等,弥补了以往采矿方法只涵盖三大类采矿法的不足；矿山的具体资料分别存储在技术经济指标库、地质条件库和结构要素库中。
其次,在查阅众多资料的基础上,总结了国内外矿山选择采矿方法的成功经验,根据模糊推理原理建立了推理机,经过模糊聚类初选和模糊综合评判终选来确定出最优采矿方案。初选采矿方法时,对各种影响采矿方法选择的指标进行模糊量化,并建立出相应的模糊评判矩阵,再对应选出较好的几种方案。终选时,采用模糊综合评判,对每个方案的技术经济指标进行分析比较,在建立出评判矩阵和权重矩阵的基础上选出最优方案。跟传统的综合经济比较法相比,采用模糊数学原理选择采矿方案更加的科学准确、简便易行,使方案选择和数据获取不受人为经验不足的限制。
最后,本文在研究过程中建立了清晰直观的用户界面,而且通过具体的矿山实例验证了系统的合理有效性,用系统程序操作智能简便,计算准确可靠,为采矿方法智能化选择提供理论和技术支持。
It is well known that the choosing of mining methods is the hardcore of a mine's construction and production, that how to find a safe、efficient、economic and reasonable mining meted is a main point, that a suitable method is the base of rational planning, economic mining and safety production.
The existing ways of selecting underground mining methods are evaluated in this paper. In order to make up their deficiencies as well as to realize computerization and optimization of underground mining methods election, a system of choosing underground mining methods of metal mines is set up. Aimed at actual need for mine and based on full analysis of ore block sloping, domain knowledge base (KB) of the system is established and program modules of inference engine、user interface explanation and KB management are drew up. Thus the ES frame is formed and the foundation for further development of this system is laid down.
Firstly, domain knowledge base (KB) of metal mines are established basing on the spot investigation and collecting a mass of data.The idea and rules to form the KB of mining methods and the structure and operation of it are explained in the paper. The information of different mines and 52 mining methods which including open stoping method、caving、cut and fill method、Underground combined mining methods、Joint-type underground mining method and special mining method are collected to build the KB. The information are arranged and inputted to different the computer for three database which are economic indicators database、geological database and structural elements database. Consequently, the knowledge base (KB) of mining methods which are systematic and integrative relatively is developed.
What's more, the principle of Furry Math is used to select a preference mining method by consulting and referencing to the successful experience of the selection of underground mining methods, it is firstly to choose mining methods by the Fuzzy Cluster Analysis and finally to choose mining method by the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation.The fuzzy mathematical method is used to quantify the indexes affecting the mining methods and a matrix is established for fuzzy evaluation.Some mining methods is preliminarily selected, then making fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and choosing optimum mining method finally. The thesis afford academic and technical sustentation for selecting preference mining method of Metal Mine for its search apace in selecting initial alternatives and obtaining data is not restrained artificially. Compared with traditional comparison of technical economy, choosing mining method applying fuzzy mathematics is scientific and accurate, it has realistic meaning for the metals mines.
At last, according to the Furry Math principle, the computer programme which is used to choose a reasonable mining method is exploited. The customer's interface of the programme is friendly、convenient and easily used, the programme can be used as a assistant tool to choose a reasonable mining method, so it has a popular application value and realistic meaning.
本文综述了现有采矿方法的选择方法,为弥补其不足和实现地下采矿方法选择的智能化,提出了金属矿山地下采矿方法选择系统。在针对矿山的实际需要和充分分析矿块回采问题的基础上,建立了采矿方法知识库,编制了推理机、用户接口、解释器、知识库管理等程序模块,形成了金属矿山地下采矿方法选择系统的框架,为进一步开发奠定了基础。
首先,在大量研究和资料收集的基础上,建立了完整的采矿方法系统知识库,介绍了采矿方法知识库的建库构想、原则、知识库的结构等。知识库中包含了采矿方法的分类和具体矿山资料。将采矿方法分为五大类,共52种,包含了空场法、崩落法、充填法、地下组合式采矿法、联合式采矿法等,弥补了以往采矿方法只涵盖三大类采矿法的不足；矿山的具体资料分别存储在技术经济指标库、地质条件库和结构要素库中。
其次,在查阅众多资料的基础上,总结了国内外矿山选择采矿方法的成功经验,根据模糊推理原理建立了推理机,经过模糊聚类初选和模糊综合评判终选来确定出最优采矿方案。初选采矿方法时,对各种影响采矿方法选择的指标进行模糊量化,并建立出相应的模糊评判矩阵,再对应选出较好的几种方案。终选时,采用模糊综合评判,对每个方案的技术经济指标进行分析比较,在建立出评判矩阵和权重矩阵的基础上选出最优方案。跟传统的综合经济比较法相比,采用模糊数学原理选择采矿方案更加的科学准确、简便易行,使方案选择和数据获取不受人为经验不足的限制。
最后,本文在研究过程中建立了清晰直观的用户界面,而且通过具体的矿山实例验证了系统的合理有效性,用系统程序操作智能简便,计算准确可靠,为采矿方法智能化选择提供理论和技术支持。
It is well known that the choosing of mining methods is the hardcore of a mine's construction and production, that how to find a safe、efficient、economic and reasonable mining meted is a main point, that a suitable method is the base of rational planning, economic mining and safety production.
The existing ways of selecting underground mining methods are evaluated in this paper. In order to make up their deficiencies as well as to realize computerization and optimization of underground mining methods election, a system of choosing underground mining methods of metal mines is set up. Aimed at actual need for mine and based on full analysis of ore block sloping, domain knowledge base (KB) of the system is established and program modules of inference engine、user interface explanation and KB management are drew up. Thus the ES frame is formed and the foundation for further development of this system is laid down.
Firstly, domain knowledge base (KB) of metal mines are established basing on the spot investigation and collecting a mass of data.The idea and rules to form the KB of mining methods and the structure and operation of it are explained in the paper. The information of different mines and 52 mining methods which including open stoping method、caving、cut and fill method、Underground combined mining methods、Joint-type underground mining method and special mining method are collected to build the KB. The information are arranged and inputted to different the computer for three database which are economic indicators database、geological database and structural elements database. Consequently, the knowledge base (KB) of mining methods which are systematic and integrative relatively is developed.
What's more, the principle of Furry Math is used to select a preference mining method by consulting and referencing to the successful experience of the selection of underground mining methods, it is firstly to choose mining methods by the Fuzzy Cluster Analysis and finally to choose mining method by the Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation.The fuzzy mathematical method is used to quantify the indexes affecting the mining methods and a matrix is established for fuzzy evaluation.Some mining methods is preliminarily selected, then making fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and choosing optimum mining method finally. The thesis afford academic and technical sustentation for selecting preference mining method of Metal Mine for its search apace in selecting initial alternatives and obtaining data is not restrained artificially. Compared with traditional comparison of technical economy, choosing mining method applying fuzzy mathematics is scientific and accurate, it has realistic meaning for the metals mines.
At last, according to the Furry Math principle, the computer programme which is used to choose a reasonable mining method is exploited. The customer's interface of the programme is friendly、convenient and easily used, the programme can be used as a assistant tool to choose a reasonable mining method, so it has a popular application value and realistic meaning.
引文
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[5]杨仁华,陈玉明,罗红萍.基于变权法的采矿方法模糊综合评判选优[J].金属矿山2010,413(11)：47-50：12-15
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[3]刘春波,孙光华,李富平.我国地下矿山采矿技术发展及趋势[J].河北理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(2)6-8
[4]李佩云,李族文,王志刚.优化采矿方法降低采矿成本[J].山东煤炭科技,2010,21(1)：34-35
[5]杨仁华,陈玉明,罗红萍.基于变权法的采矿方法模糊综合评判选优[J].金属矿山2010,413(11)：47-50：12-15
[6]Garrity M P.Ray-Tracing Irregular Volume Data [J].Computer Graphics,1990,24(5):35-40
[7]Levoy M.Efficient Ray Tracing of Volume Data[J].ACM Transaction on Graphics,1990,9(3): 245-261
[8]Wheeler A J and Stokes WPC.The Use of Block and Wireframe Modeling for Underground Mining[J]. Mining Magazine,1988,158(3):209-213
[9]Axelson A H.A Practical Approach to Computer Utilization in Mine Planning[J].4th APCOM, 1964,56,543-622
[10]GrahamD,etal.Computer Applications for the Mining Industry[J], Mining Magazine, 1983,148(5):365-369
[11]Zhang Rui-xin.Virtual Reality Technique and its Applicayion on Mine Engineering[J]. J.of Mining&Technology,1998,27(3):229-234
[12]寇明遥,王永智,邹煌,黄九民.模糊决策优化采矿方法的运用[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2010,35(2)：5-9
[13]刘大兵,周士霖,齐兆军,何顺斌.基于模糊数学的采矿方法优化研究[J].黄金科学技术,2010,18(6)：42-45
[14]V. N. Oparin, A. P. Tapsiev,A. M. Freidin.Classification of methods for ore mining at a large depth[J]. Journal of Mining Science.2009,44(6) 47-57
[15]Prof.Q.X.Yun.Expert consulting systems in mining engineering[J]. Systems Science and Systems Engineering—Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Systems Science and Systems Engineering(ICSSSE93),1993,33(4) 27-31
[16]Shun Wang,Application and research of the expert system in the mine construction.New Development in Rock Mechanics and Engineering—Proceedings of the International Symposium on New Development in Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,33(4) 27-31
[17]Alexandros Kanterakis, Dimitris Kafetzopoulos,Vassilis Moustakis. Mining Gene Expression Profiles and Gene Regulatory Networks:Identification of Phenotype-Specific Molecular Mechanisms [J]. Artificial Intelligence:Theories, Models and Applications.2008,10(4),97～109
[18]云庆夏,黄光球,张永高.采矿方法选择中的模糊决策[J]．化工矿山技术1986,1(5)：2-13
[19]邹累.模糊综合评判法在采矿方法优选中的应用[J].资源与产业2010,12(1)：38-41
[20]尹利平,刘金海,朱卓会.基于逼近理想解排序的采矿方法选择[J].矿冶工程2010,30(3)：12-15
[21]Buckley J J,Hayashi Y.Neural Nets for Fuzzy Systems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems[J], 1995,71:265～276
[22]肖木恩.模糊数学在采矿方法选择的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2003,23(1)：15-17
[23]Bolstad D D.Rock Bursts and Seismicity in Mines[M].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1998:371-375
[24]许开立,陈宝智.采矿方法的多目标模糊优选[J].中国矿业.1999,8(6)：40-42
[25]王新民,赵彬,张钦礼基于层次分析和模糊数学的采矿方法选择[J].中南人学学报：自然科学版,2008,39(5)：875-800
[26]朱必勇,龚正国.基于三角模糊数的层次分析法的采矿方法选择[J].现代矿业,2009,486(10)：34-44
[27]Bibiana Maria.Concerete Pavement Slab under Blast Lodes[J].International Journal of Important Engineering,2006(32):1248-1266
[28]张海波,宋卫东,许英霞.基于灰色系统理论的高效采矿方法优选[J].黄金2010,31(12)：28-31
[29]谢贤平,采矿方法选择的灰色关联分析法,《黄金》,1992,1(5)：18-20
[30]C.Didier,Aydan, J.N.Van. Presentation of the isrm mine closure state-of-the-art report[J].Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Rock Mechanics, "Rock Characterisation Modelling and Engineering Design Methods",2009,13(14),39-43.
[31]Alfred Krzywicki,Wayne Wobcke. Closed Pattern Mining for the Discovery of User Preferences in a Calendar Assistant[J].New Challengesin Applied Intelligence Technologies. 2008,10(6):67-76
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