千秋矿放顶煤采场上覆岩层移动及矿压显现规律研究
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摘要
义马千秋煤矿主采二#煤层,该煤层为缓倾斜特厚煤层,采用综采放顶煤采煤法。根据千秋煤矿21141综放面煤层上覆岩层存在巨厚砾岩层的特点,当采面推进到一定距离时巨厚砾岩层发生断裂破坏,将对采场产生较明显的冲击地压,影响到采面的安全生产。论文采用实验室试验、数值模拟和现场观测等综合研究方法,较全面的研究了综放面矿压显现规律和上覆岩层的移动规律。论文首先测定了二#煤层及其围岩物理力学性质,对综放面围岩类型进行了分类,提出了采场支架型式和支护主要参数。其次,采用相似模拟研究了放顶煤采场上覆岩层移动规律,通过关键层理论的计算确定了主关键层；对综放工作面上覆岩层进行了三带划分。依据数值模拟,利用大型离散元FLAC3D软件对采场上覆岩层的周期来压及活动规律进行了研究。最后进行了现场矿压工业性试验,得出了综放工作面顶板来压规律、支架阻力分布规律,表明采场顶板来压明显,具有明显的周期来压现象。研究结论对采面安全生产具有一定的指导意义和实用价值。
Fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving has been used in coal seam No.2 of Qianqiu Coal Mine in Yima Coal Group. According to the characteristics of super-thick conglomerate stratum existed in overlying caving 21141 face of Qianqiu Coal Mine, Thick Conglomerate fracture failure occurs when the coal face is advanced to a certain distance, it will produce more obvious stope burst, seriously affecting the mining surface safety.
This thesis, uses laboratory experiments, numeric simulation and field observations and other research method, more comprehensive study of the law of overlying strata movement, Law of strata behaviors and their parameters at coal face. Firstly, physical-mechanical parameters of surrounding rock of coal seam No.2 in Qianqiu Coal Minewere tested, to classify surrounding rock of coal face, proposed the type of stope support and the main parameters for support. Secondly, similar simulation experiments was applied to study on the law of overlying strata movement, through the calculation of key strata theory to determine the main key stratum, and the overlying strata ara divided into the "three zones"at coal face. Then, based on numeric simulation, using FLAC3D to construct the numeric model, to study on the law of overlying strata movement and periodic pressure. Finally, based on field measurement of strata pressure, the roof caving to pressure law, support resistance distribution results were summarized, it shows that the pressure of stope roof clearly and has obvious phenomenon of periodic weighting.These conclusions have important guiding significance and practical value for the mine safety.
Fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving has been used in coal seam No.2 of Qianqiu Coal Mine in Yima Coal Group. According to the characteristics of super-thick conglomerate stratum existed in overlying caving 21141 face of Qianqiu Coal Mine, Thick Conglomerate fracture failure occurs when the coal face is advanced to a certain distance, it will produce more obvious stope burst, seriously affecting the mining surface safety.
This thesis, uses laboratory experiments, numeric simulation and field observations and other research method, more comprehensive study of the law of overlying strata movement, Law of strata behaviors and their parameters at coal face. Firstly, physical-mechanical parameters of surrounding rock of coal seam No.2 in Qianqiu Coal Minewere tested, to classify surrounding rock of coal face, proposed the type of stope support and the main parameters for support. Secondly, similar simulation experiments was applied to study on the law of overlying strata movement, through the calculation of key strata theory to determine the main key stratum, and the overlying strata ara divided into the "three zones"at coal face. Then, based on numeric simulation, using FLAC3D to construct the numeric model, to study on the law of overlying strata movement and periodic pressure. Finally, based on field measurement of strata pressure, the roof caving to pressure law, support resistance distribution results were summarized, it shows that the pressure of stope roof clearly and has obvious phenomenon of periodic weighting.These conclusions have important guiding significance and practical value for the mine safety.
引文
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[25]许家林,钱鸣高.岩层控制关键层理论的应用研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2001(6)：54-57.
[26]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术的研究与实践[J].能源技术与管理,2004(4).
[27]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩注浆减沉钻孔布置的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998(3).
[28]姜福兴.岩层质量指数及其应用.岩石力学与工程学报[J],1994(3)：270-278.
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[30]于学馥.信息时代岩土力学与采矿计算初步[M].北京：科学出版社,1991.
[31]SS彭.煤矿地层控制[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[32]康立勋.大同综采工作面端面漏冒及其控制[D].江苏徐州：中国矿业大学博士学位论文,1994.
[33]刘天泉.矿山岩体采动影响与控制工程学及其应用[J].煤炭学报,1995(1).
[34]徐曾和,徐小荷等.坚硬顶板下煤柱岩爆的尖点突变理论分析[J].煤炭学报,1995(5).
[35]谭云亮.矿山岩层运动非线性动力学反演预测方法[J].岩土工程学报,1998(4).
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[37]孟宪锐,张勇,刘环宇.较薄厚煤层综放矿压特点分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,(3)：7-9.
[38]Li Xuehua. Deformation mechanism of surrounding rocks and key control technology for a roadway driven along goaf in fully mechanized top-coal caving face. Journal of Coal science& Engineering,2003,9(1):28-32.
[39]魏锦平,宋选民,靳钟铭.综放采场围岩复合结构力学模型及其控制研究[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2003,18(2)：5-8.
[40]于海勇,吴健,张德等.“三软”煤层综放面矿压显瑚特征[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1993,(3-4)：64-68.
[41]赵洪亮,何富连,臧传伟等.综放采场矿压显现规律实测研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,(2)：69-71.
[42]Xuanmin Song,Zhongmin Jin. Study on coal-rock Moving Law and its Control for Long Wall Top-coal Caving Face. Proceeding of 99 Intematioml Workshop on Underground Thick-seam Ming.1999,10:160-170.
[43]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版,1988.
[44]刘志成.大倾角煤层综放开采相似模拟试验研究[J].煤矿开采,2007, 12(2)：65-66
[45]王高利,涂敏,张向阳.大倾角综采面覆岩移动规律的相似材料模拟[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2007,17(6)：411-414
[46]翟新献.放顶煤工作面顶板岩层移动相似模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11)：1667～1671.
[47]钱明高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[48]FLAC-3D, FastLsgranglanAnalysisofContinuain3Dimensional, Version2.0, Use,5Manual[M], ItaseaConsultingGro, Ine.USA
[49]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理实例与应用指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005.
[50]彭文斌.FLAC 3D使用教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[2]煤炭科技情报专题研究,国外厚煤层放顶煤开采法现状与发展趋势[M].北京：煤炭科技情报研究所,2002, 8：12-13
[3]谭云亮,杨永杰.煤矿顶板失稳垮落分形预报的可能性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(1)：90～95.
[4]姜福兴.采场顶板控制设计及其专家系统[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社.1995.
[5]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].中国矿业大学出版社,2003, 11.
[6]姜福兴等.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[7]王春秋.综放采场顶板事故及沉陷灾害预测与控制研究[M].青岛：山东科技大学,2005.
[8]蒋金泉.采场围岩应力与运动[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1993.
[9]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995(2)：97-106.
[10]缪协兴,钱鸣高.采场围岩整体结构与砌体梁力学模型[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995(3)：3-12.
[11]钱鸣高,缪协兴,何富连.采场“砌体梁”结构的关键块分析[J].煤炭学报,1994(6)：557-563.
[12]侯忠杰.老顶断裂岩块回转端角接触面尺寸[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999(4)：29-31.
[13]黄庆享.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999(4)：290-294.
[14]黄庆享,钱鸣高,石平五.浅埋煤层采场老顶周期来压的结构分析[J].煤炭学报,1999(6)：581-584.
[15]黄庆享,石平五,钱鸣高.老顶岩块端角摩擦系数和挤压系数实验研究[J].岩土力学,2000(1)：60-63.
[16]贾喜荣.坚硬顶板垮落机理及其工作面几何参数的确定.第三届采场矿压理论与实践讨论会文集[C],1986.
[17]钱鸣高,赵国景.老顶断裂前后的矿山压力变化[J].中国矿院学报,1986(4).
[18]朱德仁,钱鸣高.长壁工作面老顶断裂的计算机模拟[J].中国矿院学报,1987(3).
[19]Qian Ming gao and He Fu lin. The Bhevaior of the Main Roof in Long wall Mining. Withing SP Facruternad Mine Distrbunaee,Jou.of,Meatls & uels,June-Jul,1989:240-246.
[20]姜福兴.薄板力学解在坚硬顶板采场的应用范围[J].西安矿业学院学报,1991(2).
[21]宋振骐.实用矿山压力控制[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1988.12.
[22]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版,2000.
[23]茅献彪,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层上载荷变化规律[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998(1).
[24]钱鸣高,茅献彪.采场覆岩中关键层上载荷变化规律[J].煤炭学报,1998(2).
[25]许家林,钱鸣高.岩层控制关键层理论的应用研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2001(6)：54-57.
[26]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术的研究与实践[J].能源技术与管理,2004(4).
[27]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩注浆减沉钻孔布置的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998(3).
[28]姜福兴.岩层质量指数及其应用.岩石力学与工程学报[J],1994(3)：270-278.
[29]Fuxing Jiang, Guona Jiang. Theory and Technology For Hard Roof Control of Longwall Face in Chinese Collieries. Jounal of Coal Seience & Englnenneg,1998(2).
[30]于学馥.信息时代岩土力学与采矿计算初步[M].北京：科学出版社,1991.
[31]SS彭.煤矿地层控制[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[32]康立勋.大同综采工作面端面漏冒及其控制[D].江苏徐州：中国矿业大学博士学位论文,1994.
[33]刘天泉.矿山岩体采动影响与控制工程学及其应用[J].煤炭学报,1995(1).
[34]徐曾和,徐小荷等.坚硬顶板下煤柱岩爆的尖点突变理论分析[J].煤炭学报,1995(5).
[35]谭云亮.矿山岩层运动非线性动力学反演预测方法[J].岩土工程学报,1998(4).
[36]王家臣,吴健,李报.特厚软煤层综放开采矿压观测与分析[J].煤炭科学技术,1997,25(9)：2-5.
[37]孟宪锐,张勇,刘环宇.较薄厚煤层综放矿压特点分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,(3)：7-9.
[38]Li Xuehua. Deformation mechanism of surrounding rocks and key control technology for a roadway driven along goaf in fully mechanized top-coal caving face. Journal of Coal science& Engineering,2003,9(1):28-32.
[39]魏锦平,宋选民,靳钟铭.综放采场围岩复合结构力学模型及其控制研究[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2003,18(2)：5-8.
[40]于海勇,吴健,张德等.“三软”煤层综放面矿压显瑚特征[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1993,(3-4)：64-68.
[41]赵洪亮,何富连,臧传伟等.综放采场矿压显现规律实测研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,(2)：69-71.
[42]Xuanmin Song,Zhongmin Jin. Study on coal-rock Moving Law and its Control for Long Wall Top-coal Caving Face. Proceeding of 99 Intematioml Workshop on Underground Thick-seam Ming.1999,10:160-170.
[43]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版,1988.
[44]刘志成.大倾角煤层综放开采相似模拟试验研究[J].煤矿开采,2007, 12(2)：65-66
[45]王高利,涂敏,张向阳.大倾角综采面覆岩移动规律的相似材料模拟[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2007,17(6)：411-414
[46]翟新献.放顶煤工作面顶板岩层移动相似模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11)：1667～1671.
[47]钱明高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[48]FLAC-3D, FastLsgranglanAnalysisofContinuain3Dimensional, Version2.0, Use,5Manual[M], ItaseaConsultingGro, Ine.USA
[49]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理实例与应用指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005.
[50]彭文斌.FLAC 3D使用教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
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