球塞式内曲线液压马达失效分析与径向力不平衡问题
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摘要
低速大扭矩液压马达因为功率密度大、低速稳定性好、启动转矩大等优点普遍应用在各类行走机械的液压系统上。球塞式内曲线液压马达更以其体积小、结构简单、价格低廉等优势在许多工程机械中得到应用。但在使用过程中也发现了诸多问题,主要是马达寿命短、使用一段时间后效率急剧下降等。
本文针对球塞式液压马达在使用过程中出现柱塞变形和磨损严重,导轨出现点蚀和断裂问题,对球塞式液压马达进行了受力分析和失效分析;在内曲线液压马达的设计计算中,一般认为回油背压为恒定值,本文通过CFD流场解析和力学分析,发现各柱塞回油背压存在较大差别,并导致内曲线液压马达转子径向力不平衡;在提出内曲线液压马达径向力不平衡问题的同时,指出了不平衡径向力与导轨断裂现象的关系。
本文的主要内容:
第1章,阐述了本课题研究的目的、意义及本课题的研究背景;概述了内曲线液压马达的国内外研究及发展概况;概括了本论文的主要研究内容。
第2章,阐述了球塞式内曲线液压马达的结构及工作原理;运用PROE软件对内曲线液压马达导轨进行参数化设计;在内曲线液压马达基本理论的基础上,运用MATLAB软件对球塞式内曲线液压马达的运动学和力学特性进行解析,为球塞式内曲线液压马达进一步研究奠定了基础。
第3章,针对球塞式液压马达在使用过程中出现柱塞变形和磨损严重,导轨出现点蚀和断裂问题,对球塞式液压马达进行了失效分析;对液压马达工况进行了实验测试,实车测试表明马达运转过程中系统压力波动剧烈,提出了通过提高安全阀动态性能或加设蓄能器以减小系统压力波动,从而解决因压力波动引起导轨失效的问题。
第4章,分析了球塞式液压马达转子工作过程;通过CFD流场解析和力学分析,发现各柱塞回油背压存在较大差别,并导致内曲线液压马达转子径向力不平衡;在提出内曲线液压马达径向力不平衡问题的同时,分析了不平衡径向力与导轨断裂现象的关系;指出内曲线液压马达的转子与各柱塞所形成腔体内回油背压变化会产生附加转矩脉动;指出转子在径向不平衡力的作用下与配流轴所形成的间隙之间会发生周期性涡动现象。
Low speed high torque hydraulic motor has been widely used in a variety of mobile hydraulics because of its characteristics as follows: high power density, high start torque and stability under low speed condition. Ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor is especially used in a number of mobile hydraulics for merits of compact size, simple construction, low price and so on. However, some issues were found during the time it worked, including short lifetime, sharp declination in efficiency after a period of time.
Force analysis and failure analysis of the ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor, concentrating deformation and abrasion of the plunger as well as fracture and spot corrosion of the rail , were made in the paper. For the design calculation of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor, constant pressure of returning oil is generally applied which was showed distinct in different chamber enclosed between rotor housing and plunger by CFD technique and force analysis method. Eventually a radial unbalanced force of the rotor was concluded. The result that the radial unbalanced force of rotor was obtained while the relationship between radial unbalanced force and fracture of the rail was also presented.
The main content of this paper is as follows:
In chapter 1, the purpose, significance and background of the research were expounded. Research status of the inner curve hydraulic motor both at home and abroad was summarized. Main contents of the research were summarized.
In chapter 2, the structure and operation principle of the ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor were elaborated. PROE was applied for accurate modeling of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor’s rail. Based on the common theory of inner curve hydraulic motor, MATLAB is used to analyse kinematical and mechanical characteristics of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor so as to lay a foundation for the further study.
In chapter 3, force analysis and failure analysis of the ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor, concentrating deformation and abrasion of the plunger as well as fracture and spot corrosion of the rail , were made in this chapter. Spot testing was made to show a drastic fluctuation in pressure of the hydraulic system.The solution of failure in ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor’s rail was put forward by means of installing a accumulator in the system or optimizing the performance of relief valve to reduce the pressure fluctuation.
In chapter 4, working process of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor was analysed and pressure of returning oil was showed distinct in different chamber enclosed between rotor housing and plunger by CFD technique and force analysis method. Eventually a radial unbalanced force of the rotor was concluded. The result that the radial unbalanced force of rotor was obtained while the relationship between radial unbalanced force and fracture of the rail was also presented. The fact that additional torque pulsation brought by variation in pressure of returning oil, which exists in the separate chamber formed by rotor and all plungers, was found. The fact that periodic oil whirl would appear in the clearance formed between the rotor and the pintle under the condition of a radial unbalanced force which occurs in the rotor was also pointed out.
本文针对球塞式液压马达在使用过程中出现柱塞变形和磨损严重,导轨出现点蚀和断裂问题,对球塞式液压马达进行了受力分析和失效分析;在内曲线液压马达的设计计算中,一般认为回油背压为恒定值,本文通过CFD流场解析和力学分析,发现各柱塞回油背压存在较大差别,并导致内曲线液压马达转子径向力不平衡;在提出内曲线液压马达径向力不平衡问题的同时,指出了不平衡径向力与导轨断裂现象的关系。
本文的主要内容:
第1章,阐述了本课题研究的目的、意义及本课题的研究背景;概述了内曲线液压马达的国内外研究及发展概况;概括了本论文的主要研究内容。
第2章,阐述了球塞式内曲线液压马达的结构及工作原理;运用PROE软件对内曲线液压马达导轨进行参数化设计;在内曲线液压马达基本理论的基础上,运用MATLAB软件对球塞式内曲线液压马达的运动学和力学特性进行解析,为球塞式内曲线液压马达进一步研究奠定了基础。
第3章,针对球塞式液压马达在使用过程中出现柱塞变形和磨损严重,导轨出现点蚀和断裂问题,对球塞式液压马达进行了失效分析;对液压马达工况进行了实验测试,实车测试表明马达运转过程中系统压力波动剧烈,提出了通过提高安全阀动态性能或加设蓄能器以减小系统压力波动,从而解决因压力波动引起导轨失效的问题。
第4章,分析了球塞式液压马达转子工作过程;通过CFD流场解析和力学分析,发现各柱塞回油背压存在较大差别,并导致内曲线液压马达转子径向力不平衡;在提出内曲线液压马达径向力不平衡问题的同时,分析了不平衡径向力与导轨断裂现象的关系;指出内曲线液压马达的转子与各柱塞所形成腔体内回油背压变化会产生附加转矩脉动;指出转子在径向不平衡力的作用下与配流轴所形成的间隙之间会发生周期性涡动现象。
Low speed high torque hydraulic motor has been widely used in a variety of mobile hydraulics because of its characteristics as follows: high power density, high start torque and stability under low speed condition. Ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor is especially used in a number of mobile hydraulics for merits of compact size, simple construction, low price and so on. However, some issues were found during the time it worked, including short lifetime, sharp declination in efficiency after a period of time.
Force analysis and failure analysis of the ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor, concentrating deformation and abrasion of the plunger as well as fracture and spot corrosion of the rail , were made in the paper. For the design calculation of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor, constant pressure of returning oil is generally applied which was showed distinct in different chamber enclosed between rotor housing and plunger by CFD technique and force analysis method. Eventually a radial unbalanced force of the rotor was concluded. The result that the radial unbalanced force of rotor was obtained while the relationship between radial unbalanced force and fracture of the rail was also presented.
The main content of this paper is as follows:
In chapter 1, the purpose, significance and background of the research were expounded. Research status of the inner curve hydraulic motor both at home and abroad was summarized. Main contents of the research were summarized.
In chapter 2, the structure and operation principle of the ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor were elaborated. PROE was applied for accurate modeling of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor’s rail. Based on the common theory of inner curve hydraulic motor, MATLAB is used to analyse kinematical and mechanical characteristics of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor so as to lay a foundation for the further study.
In chapter 3, force analysis and failure analysis of the ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor, concentrating deformation and abrasion of the plunger as well as fracture and spot corrosion of the rail , were made in this chapter. Spot testing was made to show a drastic fluctuation in pressure of the hydraulic system.The solution of failure in ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor’s rail was put forward by means of installing a accumulator in the system or optimizing the performance of relief valve to reduce the pressure fluctuation.
In chapter 4, working process of ball plug type inner curve hydraulic motor was analysed and pressure of returning oil was showed distinct in different chamber enclosed between rotor housing and plunger by CFD technique and force analysis method. Eventually a radial unbalanced force of the rotor was concluded. The result that the radial unbalanced force of rotor was obtained while the relationship between radial unbalanced force and fracture of the rail was also presented. The fact that additional torque pulsation brought by variation in pressure of returning oil, which exists in the separate chamber formed by rotor and all plungers, was found. The fact that periodic oil whirl would appear in the clearance formed between the rotor and the pintle under the condition of a radial unbalanced force which occurs in the rotor was also pointed out.
引文
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[3]董宝田，朱礼逊，肖海波液力传动与静液压传动牵引车的性能对比[J]工程机械，2001，(11)：10—13
[4]腾明涛浅谈叉车的两种传动系统[J].工程机械，1998(9)：19-22
[5]fit晋跃静液压传动在路面机械中的应用fit液压与气动，1994，(5)：16-19
[6]fit琳国外工程矿山机械静压驱动的自动变速控制[J]矿山机械，1990，(2)：37—41
[7]田琳自动变速静压驱动的性能匹配[J]工程机械，1990，(2)：29—33
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[10]王意从Bauma国际工程机械展看液压传动应用[J]工程机械，1998，(12)：33—36
[11]RE Johnson and NDManringModeling A Variable Displacement PumpASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting，Lake Tahoe，NVl994
[12]P．Kaliafetis and T．Costopoulos Modeling and Simulation of An Axial PistonDariable Displacement Pump with Pressure ContrOl Mechanism and Machine theory，v01 30，P．599一P612，1995
[13]K Huhtala Modelling Hydrostatic Transmission—Steady—State，Linear and Non—Linear Models Acta Polyteehnica Scandinavia，1996
[14]科技型中小企业技术创新基金若干重点项目指南北京：科技部，1998
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