向日葵螟的寄主植物及寄主选择的物理机制
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摘要
向日葵螟Homoeosoma nebulellum (Denis et Schiffermüller)是危害向日葵种仁最重要的害虫。本论文对葵螟在菊科不同寄主植物上的自然危害情况、种群动态及虫源变迁规律进行了调查;并研究了向日葵不同品种形态结构对葵螟寄主选择的影响,以了解影响葵螟取食危害的主要形态因子;同时尝试在室内饲养葵螟幼虫的方法。这些研究为揭示葵螟寄主选择的物理机制及为抗虫品种的选育提供了依据。主要结果如下:
1.通过田间系统调查以及性诱剂诱测,明确了葵螟的寄主植物除向日葵外,还有栽培菊科植物茼蒿,其次是菊科杂草沙旋覆花、多头麻花头和向日葵翌种。葵螟在内蒙古巴彦淖尔地区1年发生2代,越冬代主要危害菊科杂草沙旋覆花、多头麻花头,还有菊科植物茼蒿;第1代主要危害向日葵。向日葵上的葵螟是由茼蒿及沙旋覆花、多头麻花头上的虫源转移而来。
2.向日葵的形态结构在不同品种间都存在极显著差异。十日果壁厚度分别与开花盛期的花盘被害率、每盘可见幼虫数、每盘虫粪指数、籽粒成熟期的籽粒被害率、籽粒被害虫情指数均成显著相关性;子房壁厚度与向日葵开花盛期每盘虫粪指数也成显著相关性,与花盘被害率成极显著相关性。
3.利用人工饲料、管状小花开花50%及100%的茼蒿花头三种不同的基质饲养葵螟幼虫,其幼虫存活率、化蛹率及成虫羽化率基本一致,均可正常发育;开花50%和100%的茼蒿花头,一龄幼虫都可钻蛀危害,可以利用茼蒿花头在室内饲养葵螟幼虫。
The European sunflower moth, Homoeosoma nebulellum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most serious pests of sunflower seed. This thesis studied the host plant species, damage, population dynamics and transition of sunflowr moth on different composite host plants by sex pheromone trapping and field investigation; the effects of the sunflower morphological structure on host plant selection of sunflower moth to different sunflower cultivars was evaluated in laboratory. Meanwhile, rearing technique of sunflower moth larva in laboratory was also explored. These results will provide the basis for understanding the physical mechanism of host plant selection of sunflower moth and breeding resistant host plants in future. The results were as follows.
1. It was found that the host plants of sunflower moth included the cultivated compositae plant garland chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum coronarium Mill., and compositae wild weeds, Inula salsoloide, Serratula polycephala Iljin and agrestal sunflower in addition to sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.. There were two generations for the sunflower moth in Bayan Nur of Inner Mongolia each year, with the overwintering generation mainly occurring on wild weeds, I. salsoloides, S. polycephala, and cultivated plant garland chrysanthemum and the first generation chiefly damaging sunflower. The suflower moth on sunflower was transfered from I. salsoloides, S.polycephala, and garland chrysanthemum.
2. There were extremely significant differences in morphological structures among different cultivars of sunflower. The thickness of the pericarp on the tenth day after fertilization had significant correlation with infestation percentage of head, the mean number of visible larva per head, feces index per head during blooming stage of sunflower, respectively; the thickness of the pericarp were significantly correlated with infestation percentage of seed, infestation index of seed during seed maturing stage of sunflower, respectively. The thickness of the ovary wall had extremely significant correlation with infestation percentage of head, and had significant correlation with feces index per head during blooming stage.
3. Rearing techniques of sunflower moth larva on artificial diet, 50% and 100% flowering garland chrysanthemum were studied in laboratary. The larvae of sunflower moth could develop well on three diets; moreover, the first instar larvae could develop well on garland chrysanthemum head with flowering 50% and 100%, and larvae could be reared on head of garland chrysanthemum in laboratory.
1.通过田间系统调查以及性诱剂诱测,明确了葵螟的寄主植物除向日葵外,还有栽培菊科植物茼蒿,其次是菊科杂草沙旋覆花、多头麻花头和向日葵翌种。葵螟在内蒙古巴彦淖尔地区1年发生2代,越冬代主要危害菊科杂草沙旋覆花、多头麻花头,还有菊科植物茼蒿;第1代主要危害向日葵。向日葵上的葵螟是由茼蒿及沙旋覆花、多头麻花头上的虫源转移而来。
2.向日葵的形态结构在不同品种间都存在极显著差异。十日果壁厚度分别与开花盛期的花盘被害率、每盘可见幼虫数、每盘虫粪指数、籽粒成熟期的籽粒被害率、籽粒被害虫情指数均成显著相关性;子房壁厚度与向日葵开花盛期每盘虫粪指数也成显著相关性,与花盘被害率成极显著相关性。
3.利用人工饲料、管状小花开花50%及100%的茼蒿花头三种不同的基质饲养葵螟幼虫,其幼虫存活率、化蛹率及成虫羽化率基本一致,均可正常发育;开花50%和100%的茼蒿花头,一龄幼虫都可钻蛀危害,可以利用茼蒿花头在室内饲养葵螟幼虫。
The European sunflower moth, Homoeosoma nebulellum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most serious pests of sunflower seed. This thesis studied the host plant species, damage, population dynamics and transition of sunflowr moth on different composite host plants by sex pheromone trapping and field investigation; the effects of the sunflower morphological structure on host plant selection of sunflower moth to different sunflower cultivars was evaluated in laboratory. Meanwhile, rearing technique of sunflower moth larva in laboratory was also explored. These results will provide the basis for understanding the physical mechanism of host plant selection of sunflower moth and breeding resistant host plants in future. The results were as follows.
1. It was found that the host plants of sunflower moth included the cultivated compositae plant garland chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum coronarium Mill., and compositae wild weeds, Inula salsoloide, Serratula polycephala Iljin and agrestal sunflower in addition to sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.. There were two generations for the sunflower moth in Bayan Nur of Inner Mongolia each year, with the overwintering generation mainly occurring on wild weeds, I. salsoloides, S. polycephala, and cultivated plant garland chrysanthemum and the first generation chiefly damaging sunflower. The suflower moth on sunflower was transfered from I. salsoloides, S.polycephala, and garland chrysanthemum.
2. There were extremely significant differences in morphological structures among different cultivars of sunflower. The thickness of the pericarp on the tenth day after fertilization had significant correlation with infestation percentage of head, the mean number of visible larva per head, feces index per head during blooming stage of sunflower, respectively; the thickness of the pericarp were significantly correlated with infestation percentage of seed, infestation index of seed during seed maturing stage of sunflower, respectively. The thickness of the ovary wall had extremely significant correlation with infestation percentage of head, and had significant correlation with feces index per head during blooming stage.
3. Rearing techniques of sunflower moth larva on artificial diet, 50% and 100% flowering garland chrysanthemum were studied in laboratary. The larvae of sunflower moth could develop well on three diets; moreover, the first instar larvae could develop well on garland chrysanthemum head with flowering 50% and 100%, and larvae could be reared on head of garland chrysanthemum in laboratory.
引文
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