基于Aspen技术和随机搜索算法的化工过程能量集成方法的研究
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摘要
能量集成是以合理利用能量为目标的全过程系统综合问题,它最大程度利用工艺流股间的热交换,减少外加公用工程负荷,从总体上考虑过程中能量的供求关系以及过程结构、操作参数的调优处理,达到全过程系统能量的优化综合。
夹点技术和化工软件AspenPlus在化工能量集成中应用广泛,但夹点技术实现的优化目标是能耗最小,而不能实现费用最小的真正最优化。为此,本文提出了将AspenPlus的工程分析方法与遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm以下简称GA)及模式搜索(Pattern Search以下简称PS)的软计算相结合,以过程费用函数为优化目标的能量集成新方法,并以工业实例证明了该方法的有效性。本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)利用以夹点技术为基础的针对大型复杂过程系统用能的诊断和调优策略,对全过程进行用能分析,分析判断出用能欠佳的流股及用能设备,根据“过程用能一致性”原则提出改变塔压或加设中间再沸器的改造方案;
(2)应用AspenPlus的灵敏度分析得到精馏塔操作各参数之间的数学拟合方程,并在随机搜索算法——遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm)及模式搜索(Pattern Search)中设计费用函数,提出了将Aspen技术与随机搜索算法相结合的,以过程费用函数为优化目标的能量集成新方法;
(3)通过提高塔压实现了利用塔顶冷凝热负荷作为塔底再沸器热源的能量集成,并应用于工业实例——气体分馏装置,证明了该集成方案的有效性。在优化过程中分别应用了由工程可行性分析角度出发的AspenPlus和软计算数学建模非线性随机搜索方法(GA,PS),两种方法均实现了能量集成,并取得了较一致的优化结果;
(4)建立了以AspenPlus为平台的精馏模拟环境,采用塔顶冷凝热负荷作为中间再沸器热源的方案实现能量集成,应用于工业实例——干气制乙苯分离装置,取得了比较理想的优化结果。其中,详细分析了AspenPlus中各模块及物性方法的选用,以及中间再沸器热负荷和位置的确定。
Energy integration is one of the whole process system synthesis problems which targets appropriate energy utilization; it maximizes the heat exchanges between streams and minimizes the hot and cold utilities required in the processes. Energy integration deals with the supply and demand relations, by adjusting process structure, operation parameters.Pinch Analysis technology for energy integration has seen widespread applications throughout the process industries, however it targets the energy cost minimization rather than total cost function minimization (including investment cost and utility cost). In this case , this paper presents a study on energy integration of chemical process, which is based onincorporated applications of Stochastic Methods--Genetic Algorithm (GA) and PatternSearch (PS), and the widely applied commercial industrial software- AspenPlus.Firstly, stream data can be generated automatically via the interface between AspenPlus and AspenPinch, and Heating and cooling curves can be drawn by AspenPinch, via which ways of debottlenecking for energy integration can be better guided.Secondly, Gain mathematical fitting equations of main distillation column parameters (such as the operation pressure, reflux ration, temperature at the top of the column, etc.) using sensitivity analysis of ApenPlus. Then Appropriate Cost Function of chemical process can be easily embedded in GA or PS which helps target the cost function minimization in chemical process. An example of petrochemical plant energy integration is presented, which showed the validity of this method.Besides, this paper offers two strategies for realizing energy integration of chemical processes which, are both based on the Consistancy Unit Energy Consumption: Raising column operation pressure so that consequently raises the temperature of condensers and reboilers; Using the condenser as a mid-reboiler for another column.
夹点技术和化工软件AspenPlus在化工能量集成中应用广泛,但夹点技术实现的优化目标是能耗最小,而不能实现费用最小的真正最优化。为此,本文提出了将AspenPlus的工程分析方法与遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm以下简称GA)及模式搜索(Pattern Search以下简称PS)的软计算相结合,以过程费用函数为优化目标的能量集成新方法,并以工业实例证明了该方法的有效性。本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)利用以夹点技术为基础的针对大型复杂过程系统用能的诊断和调优策略,对全过程进行用能分析,分析判断出用能欠佳的流股及用能设备,根据“过程用能一致性”原则提出改变塔压或加设中间再沸器的改造方案;
(2)应用AspenPlus的灵敏度分析得到精馏塔操作各参数之间的数学拟合方程,并在随机搜索算法——遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm)及模式搜索(Pattern Search)中设计费用函数,提出了将Aspen技术与随机搜索算法相结合的,以过程费用函数为优化目标的能量集成新方法;
(3)通过提高塔压实现了利用塔顶冷凝热负荷作为塔底再沸器热源的能量集成,并应用于工业实例——气体分馏装置,证明了该集成方案的有效性。在优化过程中分别应用了由工程可行性分析角度出发的AspenPlus和软计算数学建模非线性随机搜索方法(GA,PS),两种方法均实现了能量集成,并取得了较一致的优化结果;
(4)建立了以AspenPlus为平台的精馏模拟环境,采用塔顶冷凝热负荷作为中间再沸器热源的方案实现能量集成,应用于工业实例——干气制乙苯分离装置,取得了比较理想的优化结果。其中,详细分析了AspenPlus中各模块及物性方法的选用,以及中间再沸器热负荷和位置的确定。
Energy integration is one of the whole process system synthesis problems which targets appropriate energy utilization; it maximizes the heat exchanges between streams and minimizes the hot and cold utilities required in the processes. Energy integration deals with the supply and demand relations, by adjusting process structure, operation parameters.Pinch Analysis technology for energy integration has seen widespread applications throughout the process industries, however it targets the energy cost minimization rather than total cost function minimization (including investment cost and utility cost). In this case , this paper presents a study on energy integration of chemical process, which is based onincorporated applications of Stochastic Methods--Genetic Algorithm (GA) and PatternSearch (PS), and the widely applied commercial industrial software- AspenPlus.Firstly, stream data can be generated automatically via the interface between AspenPlus and AspenPinch, and Heating and cooling curves can be drawn by AspenPinch, via which ways of debottlenecking for energy integration can be better guided.Secondly, Gain mathematical fitting equations of main distillation column parameters (such as the operation pressure, reflux ration, temperature at the top of the column, etc.) using sensitivity analysis of ApenPlus. Then Appropriate Cost Function of chemical process can be easily embedded in GA or PS which helps target the cost function minimization in chemical process. An example of petrochemical plant energy integration is presented, which showed the validity of this method.Besides, this paper offers two strategies for realizing energy integration of chemical processes which, are both based on the Consistancy Unit Energy Consumption: Raising column operation pressure so that consequently raises the temperature of condensers and reboilers; Using the condenser as a mid-reboiler for another column.
引文
[1] 李有润,陈炳珍.化工能量系统集成.化工进展,1996(3):8-11.
[2] Linnhoff B, et al. A User Guide on Process Integration for the Efficient Use of Energy. England: The Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1982: 52-99.
[3] 李有润.过程系统节能技术.北京:中国石化工业出版社.1994:2-46.
[4] 李有润.炼油设计,1994,24(3):47.
[5] Li Yourun, Motard RL. Ind Eng Chem Fundam, 1986, 25(4): 26-30.
[6] 杨友麟.过程流程模拟.计算机与应用化学,1995,12:2-6.
[7] Perkins J D, Sargent R W H. AIChE Symp. Ser., 1982, 1: 78
[8] 姚平经.全过程系统能量优化综合.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1995:2-10.
[9] Trivedi K, et al. Comput Chem Enging, 1990, 14(6): 601.
[10] Papoulias S A, Grossmann I E. A Structural Optimization Approach in Process Synthesis (Ⅲ): Total Processing Systems. Comput Chem Engng, 1983, 7: 723-734.
[11] Yee T F, Grossmann I E, Kravanja Z. Simultaneous Optimization Models for Heat Integration (Ⅲ): Process and Heat Exchangers Network Optimization. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14: 1185-1200.
[12] Kravanja Z, Grossmann I E PROSYN—A MINLP Process Synthesizer. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14: 1363-1378.
[13] Kocis G R, Grossmann I E. Relaxation Strategy for The Structural Optimization of Process Flowsheets. Ind Engng Chem Res, 1987, 26: 1869-1880.
[14] Viswanathan J, Grossmann I E. A Combined Penalty Function and Outer Approximation Method for MINLP Optimization. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14: 769-782.
[15] Duran M A, Grossmann I E. An Outer-Approximation Algorithm for A Class of Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs. Math Program, 1986, 36: 307-339.
[16] Brook A, Kendrick D, Meeraus A. GAMS—A User's Guide Palo Alto. Calf: Scientific Press, 1988: 241-325.
[17] Chen Li, Wang Kefeng, et al. Hierarchical On-line Scheduling of Multiproduct Batch Plants with a Combined Approach of Mathematical Programming and Genetic Algorithm. Chinese J. Chem Eng, 2004, 12(1): 78-84.
[18] 袁一,尹洪超.复杂非线性公用工程子系统的遗传算法最优设计.大连理工大学学报,1997,37(4):420-424.
[19] 尹洪超等.化工过程综合混合离散非线性规划新算法.大连理工大学学报,1995,35(5):633-638.
[20] Yee T F, et al. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14(11): 1185.
[21] Wood R M, et al. Chemical Engineering Process, 1991, 9: 38.
[22] 姚平经.全过程系统能量优化综合.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1995:111-114.
[23] 俞红梅,姚平经.MTBE合成与裂解联合装置的用能一致性.化学工程,1998,26(6):52-58.
[24] 范卫东.过程系统扩容和用能的诊断与调优研究:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学化工过程系统工程研究所,1995.
[25] 姚平经.过程系统分析与综合(第二版).大连:大连理工大学出版社,2004:201-208.
[26] Aspen Plus 11.1 Unit Operation Models, 2004: 223-224.
[27] Aspen Physical Property System-Physical Property Methods and Models 11.1, 2004: 365-369.
[28] Aspen Pinch Training Courses-Process Modifications, 2004: 1-36.
[29] Warren D. Seider, J. D. Seader, Daniel R. Lewin. Process Design Principles—Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999, 279-284.
[30] 魏关锋.用遗传/模拟退火算法进行具有多流股换热器的换热网络综合:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[31] (日)玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程设计.北京:科学出版社,2000:1-4.
[32] 王绍敏,孙晓静,王克峰,姚平经.应用平行坐标系进行可视化优化设计.计算机与应用化学,2004,21(1):11-16.
[33] 孙晓静,王克峰,姚平经.基于聚类分析和可视化的增强遗传算法Ⅱ—算例分析及有效性验证.过程工程学报,2004,4(6):536-544.
[34] 王克峰,孙晓静,姚平经.基于聚类分析和可视化的增强遗传算法Ⅰ—算法的引出、原理与分析.过程工程学报,2004,4(5):438-444.
[35] Using Direct Search(Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox). Matlab 7.0, 2005: 156-163.
[36] 王允清.气体分馏装置生产技术规程.抚顺:中国石油天然气股份有限公司,抚顺石化分公司石油二厂烷基化车间,2002,12:4-5.
[37] M. F. Doherty and M. F. Malone. Conceptual design of distillation systems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001: 269-276.
[38] Back Cover. Chemical Engineering, 2004, 10: 45.
[39] Douglas J. M. The conceptual design of chemical process. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998: 568-577.
[40] 大连理工大学化工原理教研室.化工原理(上册).大连:大连理工大学出版社,1992:266.
[41] R. H. Perry and D. W. Green. Perry's Chemical Engineers'Handbook, 7th ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997: 2-423.
[42] 王小平,曹立明.遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002:10-15.
[43] 抚顺乙苯新编操作规程.2003.6
[44] 大连理工大学化工原理教研室.化工原理(下册).大连:大连理工大学出版社,1992:18-34.
[45] 大连理工大学化工原理教研室.化工原理(下册).大连:大连理工大学出版社,1992:65-66.
[2] Linnhoff B, et al. A User Guide on Process Integration for the Efficient Use of Energy. England: The Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1982: 52-99.
[3] 李有润.过程系统节能技术.北京:中国石化工业出版社.1994:2-46.
[4] 李有润.炼油设计,1994,24(3):47.
[5] Li Yourun, Motard RL. Ind Eng Chem Fundam, 1986, 25(4): 26-30.
[6] 杨友麟.过程流程模拟.计算机与应用化学,1995,12:2-6.
[7] Perkins J D, Sargent R W H. AIChE Symp. Ser., 1982, 1: 78
[8] 姚平经.全过程系统能量优化综合.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1995:2-10.
[9] Trivedi K, et al. Comput Chem Enging, 1990, 14(6): 601.
[10] Papoulias S A, Grossmann I E. A Structural Optimization Approach in Process Synthesis (Ⅲ): Total Processing Systems. Comput Chem Engng, 1983, 7: 723-734.
[11] Yee T F, Grossmann I E, Kravanja Z. Simultaneous Optimization Models for Heat Integration (Ⅲ): Process and Heat Exchangers Network Optimization. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14: 1185-1200.
[12] Kravanja Z, Grossmann I E PROSYN—A MINLP Process Synthesizer. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14: 1363-1378.
[13] Kocis G R, Grossmann I E. Relaxation Strategy for The Structural Optimization of Process Flowsheets. Ind Engng Chem Res, 1987, 26: 1869-1880.
[14] Viswanathan J, Grossmann I E. A Combined Penalty Function and Outer Approximation Method for MINLP Optimization. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14: 769-782.
[15] Duran M A, Grossmann I E. An Outer-Approximation Algorithm for A Class of Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs. Math Program, 1986, 36: 307-339.
[16] Brook A, Kendrick D, Meeraus A. GAMS—A User's Guide Palo Alto. Calf: Scientific Press, 1988: 241-325.
[17] Chen Li, Wang Kefeng, et al. Hierarchical On-line Scheduling of Multiproduct Batch Plants with a Combined Approach of Mathematical Programming and Genetic Algorithm. Chinese J. Chem Eng, 2004, 12(1): 78-84.
[18] 袁一,尹洪超.复杂非线性公用工程子系统的遗传算法最优设计.大连理工大学学报,1997,37(4):420-424.
[19] 尹洪超等.化工过程综合混合离散非线性规划新算法.大连理工大学学报,1995,35(5):633-638.
[20] Yee T F, et al. Comput Chem Engng, 1990, 14(11): 1185.
[21] Wood R M, et al. Chemical Engineering Process, 1991, 9: 38.
[22] 姚平经.全过程系统能量优化综合.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1995:111-114.
[23] 俞红梅,姚平经.MTBE合成与裂解联合装置的用能一致性.化学工程,1998,26(6):52-58.
[24] 范卫东.过程系统扩容和用能的诊断与调优研究:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学化工过程系统工程研究所,1995.
[25] 姚平经.过程系统分析与综合(第二版).大连:大连理工大学出版社,2004:201-208.
[26] Aspen Plus 11.1 Unit Operation Models, 2004: 223-224.
[27] Aspen Physical Property System-Physical Property Methods and Models 11.1, 2004: 365-369.
[28] Aspen Pinch Training Courses-Process Modifications, 2004: 1-36.
[29] Warren D. Seider, J. D. Seader, Daniel R. Lewin. Process Design Principles—Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999, 279-284.
[30] 魏关锋.用遗传/模拟退火算法进行具有多流股换热器的换热网络综合:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[31] (日)玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程设计.北京:科学出版社,2000:1-4.
[32] 王绍敏,孙晓静,王克峰,姚平经.应用平行坐标系进行可视化优化设计.计算机与应用化学,2004,21(1):11-16.
[33] 孙晓静,王克峰,姚平经.基于聚类分析和可视化的增强遗传算法Ⅱ—算例分析及有效性验证.过程工程学报,2004,4(6):536-544.
[34] 王克峰,孙晓静,姚平经.基于聚类分析和可视化的增强遗传算法Ⅰ—算法的引出、原理与分析.过程工程学报,2004,4(5):438-444.
[35] Using Direct Search(Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox). Matlab 7.0, 2005: 156-163.
[36] 王允清.气体分馏装置生产技术规程.抚顺:中国石油天然气股份有限公司,抚顺石化分公司石油二厂烷基化车间,2002,12:4-5.
[37] M. F. Doherty and M. F. Malone. Conceptual design of distillation systems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001: 269-276.
[38] Back Cover. Chemical Engineering, 2004, 10: 45.
[39] Douglas J. M. The conceptual design of chemical process. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998: 568-577.
[40] 大连理工大学化工原理教研室.化工原理(上册).大连:大连理工大学出版社,1992:266.
[41] R. H. Perry and D. W. Green. Perry's Chemical Engineers'Handbook, 7th ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997: 2-423.
[42] 王小平,曹立明.遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002:10-15.
[43] 抚顺乙苯新编操作规程.2003.6
[44] 大连理工大学化工原理教研室.化工原理(下册).大连:大连理工大学出版社,1992:18-34.
[45] 大连理工大学化工原理教研室.化工原理(下册).大连:大连理工大学出版社,1992:65-66.
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