短路电流实时监视软件的开发及其应用
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摘要
随着电能需求量的不断增加,电力系统装机容量急剧上升,大机组比率增大,且大机组一般升压后直接接入高压电网,加上电网中大量使用自耦变压器,从而造成电网短路电流水平过高,部分区域的短路电流已接近或已超过开关的遮断容量。而更高电压等级电网的出现尚需时日,因此系统短路电流超标的问题将会越来越严重。
系统短路电流的超标是电网的安全运行的严重隐患,在目前限制短路电流的装置以及高一电压等级的断路器尚未取得突破性进展的情况下,改变电网结构成为控制短路电流的唯一措施。然而,电力系统运行方式是多变的,频繁的设备操作改变了电网的拓扑结构,系统上某些点的短路电流随时有可能超出相应开关的遮断电流,鉴于以上两点有必要进行实时的电网短路电流监测和断路器遮断容量校核。
短路电流实时监视系统是浙江大学电力系统自动化研究所和浙江省电网公司调度通讯中心合作开发的,项目在浙江省电网运行已一年多,2006年2月的通过项目鉴定。本文简单介绍了软件的基本开发过程,介绍了短路电流实时监视系统在浙江省电网一年多来运行情况。
Due to the increasing requirement for the electric power, the installed capacity of generators raises abruptly as well as the ratio of the bulk unit and the amount of auto-transfers used in the power system. Consequently, in some area short-circuit current level is approaching to or have already exceed the breakers' abrupt capacity. However, the higher-rate voltage girder has not yet widely been used.The excess of the short-circuit current is one of the hidden troubles of the power system safe operation. At present, considering the circumstance that short-circuit current limiters and the higher-rate voltage breakers have not yet advanced, the most efficient means to control the short-circuit current is changing the structure of the power network. Nevertheless, the frequent switch operation results in the alternation of the topology in the power system, which might render the excess of the short-circuit current in some breakers. Given the mentioned above, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the breakers in the power system and check it by the standard of interrupting capacity of the breakers.The auto-check of short-circuit current application, which has operated for nearly one year in the ZheJiang electric pool and has been authenticated in Feb. 2006, was developed under the collaboration of ZheJiang University power system automation research center and ZheJiang electric power company dispatching and communication center. In this thesis, the fundamental developing process of this application is introduced laconically, and the importance is attached to the operation circumstances of this application in ZheJiang Province electric network after its implement.
系统短路电流的超标是电网的安全运行的严重隐患,在目前限制短路电流的装置以及高一电压等级的断路器尚未取得突破性进展的情况下,改变电网结构成为控制短路电流的唯一措施。然而,电力系统运行方式是多变的,频繁的设备操作改变了电网的拓扑结构,系统上某些点的短路电流随时有可能超出相应开关的遮断电流,鉴于以上两点有必要进行实时的电网短路电流监测和断路器遮断容量校核。
短路电流实时监视系统是浙江大学电力系统自动化研究所和浙江省电网公司调度通讯中心合作开发的,项目在浙江省电网运行已一年多,2006年2月的通过项目鉴定。本文简单介绍了软件的基本开发过程,介绍了短路电流实时监视系统在浙江省电网一年多来运行情况。
Due to the increasing requirement for the electric power, the installed capacity of generators raises abruptly as well as the ratio of the bulk unit and the amount of auto-transfers used in the power system. Consequently, in some area short-circuit current level is approaching to or have already exceed the breakers' abrupt capacity. However, the higher-rate voltage girder has not yet widely been used.The excess of the short-circuit current is one of the hidden troubles of the power system safe operation. At present, considering the circumstance that short-circuit current limiters and the higher-rate voltage breakers have not yet advanced, the most efficient means to control the short-circuit current is changing the structure of the power network. Nevertheless, the frequent switch operation results in the alternation of the topology in the power system, which might render the excess of the short-circuit current in some breakers. Given the mentioned above, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the breakers in the power system and check it by the standard of interrupting capacity of the breakers.The auto-check of short-circuit current application, which has operated for nearly one year in the ZheJiang electric pool and has been authenticated in Feb. 2006, was developed under the collaboration of ZheJiang University power system automation research center and ZheJiang electric power company dispatching and communication center. In this thesis, the fundamental developing process of this application is introduced laconically, and the importance is attached to the operation circumstances of this application in ZheJiang Province electric network after its implement.
引文
[1] 何仰赞,温增银,汪馥英,周勤慧.电力系统分析.武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1993.30
[2] 韩祯祥,吴国炎,等.电力系统分析.杭州:浙江大学出版社.2002
[3] 楼樟达,李扬,发电厂电气部分.北京:中国电力出版社.1998
[4] 周荣光,电力系统故障分析.北京:清华大学出版社.1988
[5] 范锡普,发电厂电气部分.北京:中国电力出版社.2002
[6] 吴荻,限制大电网短路电流水平的措施的研究.浙江大学学位论文.2005
[7] 罗为,电力系统断路器遮断容量实时校核研究.浙江大学学位论文.2004
[8] 陈坚.华中电网2000年短路电流水平预测及限流措施研究.河南电力,1993,第4期:18～22,29
[9] 谢泽权.限制短路电流技术的探讨.广东电力,1997,第2期:29～31
[10] 陈亚民.电力系统计算程序及其实现.北京:水利电力出版社.1995
[11] 西安交通大学等.电力系统计算.水利电力出版社.1978
[12] 刘万顺.电力系统故障分析.水利电力出版社.1986
[13] 罗庆跃,李晓明,变结构模型短路电流计算方法,中国电机工程学报,2005年第1期
[14] 蒋彤,白雪峰,郭志忠,陈学允,基于对称分量模型的电力系统短路故障计算方法,中国电机工程学报,2003年第2期
[15] 张红,一种辐射型配电网短路电流实用算法,电网技术,2001年12月
[16] 吕文杰,三相短路电流计算方法的探讨,四川电力技术,2005年第5期
[17] Thanh C. Nguyen, Sherman Chart, Ron Bailey, Thanh Nguyen. Auto-Check Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capabilities. IEEE Computer Application in power, 2002,1:24～28
[18] 于尔铿,刘广一,周京阳,能量管理系统(EMS).北京:科学出版社 1998.
[19] 吴千,魏路平,基于EMS的断路器遮断容量实时校核.电工技术2005(3).62-64.
[20] 罗为,邱家驹,魏路平,电力系统断路器遮断容量实时校核.华东电力2004.32(4).17-19.
[21] 吴千,电力系统断路器遮断容量实时校验功能的开发研究.浙江大学学位论文.2005
[22] Thanh C.Nguyen-Sherman Chan Ron Bailey, Thanh Nguyen. Auto-Check Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capabilities. IEEE Application in Power, 2002, January.
[23] Baldwin Bridger, Jr. All Amperes Are Not Created Equal: A Comparison of Current Ratings of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated According to ANSI and IEC Standards. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol 29, No 1, January/February 1993.
[24] ANSI C37.04 (1979): IEEE Standard Rating Structure for ac High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis.
[25] Rodolakis. A.J. Computer-aided selection and verification of medium and high voltage circuit breakers. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1993. Conference Record, Papers Presented at the 1993 Annual Meeting, 2-6 May 1993 Pages: 137-143.
[26] IEC 61970. Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS2API) Part 1: CCAPI Guidelines Preliminary Draft. 1999.
[27] IEC 61970. Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS2API) Part 301: Common Information Model(CIM) Base Draft Revision 5. 1999.
[28] IEC 61970. Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS2API) Part 401: CIS Schema Draft Revision 2. 1999.
[29] Masaki Nagata, Kazuyuki Tanaka and Haruhito Taniguchi. FCL Location Selection in Large Scale Power System. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2001, (11)
[30] R.E.Cosse, T.G.Hazel, R.Youssef. Choosing medium-voltage circuit-breakers based on IEC60909 short-circuit calculations. Industry Applications Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE, Vol 4, 8-12 Oct. 2000 Page(s): 2798-2805
[31] ANSI C37.5 (1979): IEEE Guide for Calculation of Fault Currents for Application of AC High Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
[32] Giuseppe Parise, Erling Hesla. Basic Concepts and Auto-check for Clearing Procedures. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1999 IEEE. 2-6 May 1999, Pages: 10 pp
[33] Parise.G, Hesla.E. Cleating Procedures in Electrical Installations: the Electrical Status Space as Model for Training and Planning. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 38, Issue: 3, May-June 2002 Pages: 797-802
[34] Gregory, Gregory. North American or IEC standards for circuit breakers-what is the choice for North American. Industry Applications Conference, 1999. Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE, Vol 4, 3-7 Oct, 1999, Page(s): 2327-2336
[35] Valentine, R.D. A perspective of low-voltage circuit breaker interrupting rating. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol 36 Issue 3, May-June 2000, Page(s): 916-919
[36] Gregory, C.D. North American and IEC standards for circuit breakers. Industry Applications Magazine, IEEE, Vol 7 Issue 1, Jan.-Feb. 2001, Page(s): 64-71
[37] IEC 56(1987): High-Voltage Alternating-Current Circuit Breakers
[38] H.Nakayama, T.Fukazu, Y.Wada, Shinozaki, Y. Ibuki, K.;Power Delivery. Development of High Voltage Selfdealing Current limiting Element and Verification of operating Parameter as a CLD for Distribution Substation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 4, Issue 1, Jan. 1989 Pages: 342-348
[39] Lubkeman, D.L. Jianzhong Zhang. Ghosh, A.K. Jones, R.H. Field results for a distribution circuit state estimator implementation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 15, Issue 1, Jan. 2000 Pages: 399-406
[40] Yasuyuki Shirai, Kazuhiro Fujikawa, Tomoyuki Kitagawa, Masahiro Shiotsu, Hiroyuki Hatta, Shiniti Muroya and Tanzo Nitta. Study on Recovery Time of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter with Adjustable Trigger Current Level. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Vol 11, NO 1, MARCH 2001
[41] Herbert A.Fleck,Frank J.Mercede. Short-Current to Perform a Protective Device Coordination Study. Proceeding of 1998 IEEE IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Conference.
[42] Ying he, Youman Deng, Jiangsheng Lei, Boming Zhang, A Novel Architecture Distribution Management System, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2000. IEEE, Vol 1, 16-20 July 2000 Pages: 67-72
[43] Marten Sjostrom and Diego Politano. Technical and Economical Impacts on Power System by Introducing an HTC FCL. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2001, (11)
[44] P.Tixador, L.Porcar, E.Floch, D.Buzon, D.Isfort, D.Bourgault, X.Chaud, R.Toumier. Current Limitation with Bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2001, (11)
[45] Hiroyuki Hatta, Tanzo Nitta, Shiniti Muroya, Yasuyuki Shirai, and Tomoyuki Kitagawa. Experimental Study on Sudden-short-circuit Characteristic of Synchronous Generator with SCCL. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2001, (11)
[46] Aleksey. E.poltanov, Alexander P. Glinov, Anatoly K.Kondratenko and Valery N.Ryndin. Use of Multi-Turn Railguns as High-Speed Limiters of Short-Circuit Current for Large Power Plants. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol 37,NO 1, JANUARY 2001
[47] T.Satoh, M. Yamaguchi, S.fukui, K.Morikoshi, K.Kaiho, T.Matsumura, H.shimizu and N.Murayama. Three-phase fault Current Limiter with One dc S/N Transition Element. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol 11, NO 1, MARCH 2001
[48] Jacques Brochu and Jacques Lemay. Optimization of the Fault-Current Limiting Transformer. IEEE Power Engineering Review, January 2001
[49] T.Matsumura, H.Shimizu and Y.Yokomizu. Design Guideline of Flux-Lock Type HTS Fault Current Limiter for Power System Application. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol 11, Issue 1, March 2001 Pages:1956-1959
[50] IEC 694(1980): Common Clause for High-Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear Standards
[51] ANSI C37.010: IEEE Application Guide for AC High Voltage Circuit Breaker on a Symmetrical Current Basis.
[52] 范文涛,薛禹胜.慕志恒.面向对象技术及其在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化.1998,22(12)
[53] 陈竟成,张雪松,汪峰,于尔铿.配电网络建模、结线分析及动态网络着色.电力系统自动化.23(24)
[54] 谢泽权.限制短路电流技术的探讨.广东电力.1997,2
[55] 杨杰,陈希英.三峡水电站短路电流水平及限制措施分析.电网技术1997,7
[56] 范谨,蔡雪祥.电力系统短路故障限流器的研究.动力工程.1997,12
[57] K.迈耶.高温超导进入使用阶段.水利水电快报.1999,6
[58] 章良栋,刘为,岑文辉,刘人镕,任年荣,朱崎.一种新型短路故障限流器 的研究.电力系统自动化.1997,7
[59] 于尔铿,胡锡龙,刘广一,郑熙明,周景阳,周碧霞.实时网络状态分析.电网技术.1991,5
[60] 中华人民共和国电力行业标准,DL/T 615-1997,交流高压断路器参数选用导则
[2] 韩祯祥,吴国炎,等.电力系统分析.杭州:浙江大学出版社.2002
[3] 楼樟达,李扬,发电厂电气部分.北京:中国电力出版社.1998
[4] 周荣光,电力系统故障分析.北京:清华大学出版社.1988
[5] 范锡普,发电厂电气部分.北京:中国电力出版社.2002
[6] 吴荻,限制大电网短路电流水平的措施的研究.浙江大学学位论文.2005
[7] 罗为,电力系统断路器遮断容量实时校核研究.浙江大学学位论文.2004
[8] 陈坚.华中电网2000年短路电流水平预测及限流措施研究.河南电力,1993,第4期:18～22,29
[9] 谢泽权.限制短路电流技术的探讨.广东电力,1997,第2期:29～31
[10] 陈亚民.电力系统计算程序及其实现.北京:水利电力出版社.1995
[11] 西安交通大学等.电力系统计算.水利电力出版社.1978
[12] 刘万顺.电力系统故障分析.水利电力出版社.1986
[13] 罗庆跃,李晓明,变结构模型短路电流计算方法,中国电机工程学报,2005年第1期
[14] 蒋彤,白雪峰,郭志忠,陈学允,基于对称分量模型的电力系统短路故障计算方法,中国电机工程学报,2003年第2期
[15] 张红,一种辐射型配电网短路电流实用算法,电网技术,2001年12月
[16] 吕文杰,三相短路电流计算方法的探讨,四川电力技术,2005年第5期
[17] Thanh C. Nguyen, Sherman Chart, Ron Bailey, Thanh Nguyen. Auto-Check Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capabilities. IEEE Computer Application in power, 2002,1:24～28
[18] 于尔铿,刘广一,周京阳,能量管理系统(EMS).北京:科学出版社 1998.
[19] 吴千,魏路平,基于EMS的断路器遮断容量实时校核.电工技术2005(3).62-64.
[20] 罗为,邱家驹,魏路平,电力系统断路器遮断容量实时校核.华东电力2004.32(4).17-19.
[21] 吴千,电力系统断路器遮断容量实时校验功能的开发研究.浙江大学学位论文.2005
[22] Thanh C.Nguyen-Sherman Chan Ron Bailey, Thanh Nguyen. Auto-Check Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capabilities. IEEE Application in Power, 2002, January.
[23] Baldwin Bridger, Jr. All Amperes Are Not Created Equal: A Comparison of Current Ratings of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated According to ANSI and IEC Standards. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol 29, No 1, January/February 1993.
[24] ANSI C37.04 (1979): IEEE Standard Rating Structure for ac High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis.
[25] Rodolakis. A.J. Computer-aided selection and verification of medium and high voltage circuit breakers. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1993. Conference Record, Papers Presented at the 1993 Annual Meeting, 2-6 May 1993 Pages: 137-143.
[26] IEC 61970. Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS2API) Part 1: CCAPI Guidelines Preliminary Draft. 1999.
[27] IEC 61970. Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS2API) Part 301: Common Information Model(CIM) Base Draft Revision 5. 1999.
[28] IEC 61970. Energy Management System Application Program Interface (EMS2API) Part 401: CIS Schema Draft Revision 2. 1999.
[29] Masaki Nagata, Kazuyuki Tanaka and Haruhito Taniguchi. FCL Location Selection in Large Scale Power System. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2001, (11)
[30] R.E.Cosse, T.G.Hazel, R.Youssef. Choosing medium-voltage circuit-breakers based on IEC60909 short-circuit calculations. Industry Applications Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE, Vol 4, 8-12 Oct. 2000 Page(s): 2798-2805
[31] ANSI C37.5 (1979): IEEE Guide for Calculation of Fault Currents for Application of AC High Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Total Current Basis.
[32] Giuseppe Parise, Erling Hesla. Basic Concepts and Auto-check for Clearing Procedures. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1999 IEEE. 2-6 May 1999, Pages: 10 pp
[33] Parise.G, Hesla.E. Cleating Procedures in Electrical Installations: the Electrical Status Space as Model for Training and Planning. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 38, Issue: 3, May-June 2002 Pages: 797-802
[34] Gregory, Gregory. North American or IEC standards for circuit breakers-what is the choice for North American. Industry Applications Conference, 1999. Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE, Vol 4, 3-7 Oct, 1999, Page(s): 2327-2336
[35] Valentine, R.D. A perspective of low-voltage circuit breaker interrupting rating. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol 36 Issue 3, May-June 2000, Page(s): 916-919
[36] Gregory, C.D. North American and IEC standards for circuit breakers. Industry Applications Magazine, IEEE, Vol 7 Issue 1, Jan.-Feb. 2001, Page(s): 64-71
[37] IEC 56(1987): High-Voltage Alternating-Current Circuit Breakers
[38] H.Nakayama, T.Fukazu, Y.Wada, Shinozaki, Y. Ibuki, K.;Power Delivery. Development of High Voltage Selfdealing Current limiting Element and Verification of operating Parameter as a CLD for Distribution Substation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 4, Issue 1, Jan. 1989 Pages: 342-348
[39] Lubkeman, D.L. Jianzhong Zhang. Ghosh, A.K. Jones, R.H. Field results for a distribution circuit state estimator implementation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 15, Issue 1, Jan. 2000 Pages: 399-406
[40] Yasuyuki Shirai, Kazuhiro Fujikawa, Tomoyuki Kitagawa, Masahiro Shiotsu, Hiroyuki Hatta, Shiniti Muroya and Tanzo Nitta. Study on Recovery Time of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter with Adjustable Trigger Current Level. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Vol 11, NO 1, MARCH 2001
[41] Herbert A.Fleck,Frank J.Mercede. Short-Current to Perform a Protective Device Coordination Study. Proceeding of 1998 IEEE IAS Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Conference.
[42] Ying he, Youman Deng, Jiangsheng Lei, Boming Zhang, A Novel Architecture Distribution Management System, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2000. IEEE, Vol 1, 16-20 July 2000 Pages: 67-72
[43] Marten Sjostrom and Diego Politano. Technical and Economical Impacts on Power System by Introducing an HTC FCL. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2001, (11)
[44] P.Tixador, L.Porcar, E.Floch, D.Buzon, D.Isfort, D.Bourgault, X.Chaud, R.Toumier. Current Limitation with Bulk Y-Ba-Cu-O, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2001, (11)
[45] Hiroyuki Hatta, Tanzo Nitta, Shiniti Muroya, Yasuyuki Shirai, and Tomoyuki Kitagawa. Experimental Study on Sudden-short-circuit Characteristic of Synchronous Generator with SCCL. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2001, (11)
[46] Aleksey. E.poltanov, Alexander P. Glinov, Anatoly K.Kondratenko and Valery N.Ryndin. Use of Multi-Turn Railguns as High-Speed Limiters of Short-Circuit Current for Large Power Plants. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol 37,NO 1, JANUARY 2001
[47] T.Satoh, M. Yamaguchi, S.fukui, K.Morikoshi, K.Kaiho, T.Matsumura, H.shimizu and N.Murayama. Three-phase fault Current Limiter with One dc S/N Transition Element. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol 11, NO 1, MARCH 2001
[48] Jacques Brochu and Jacques Lemay. Optimization of the Fault-Current Limiting Transformer. IEEE Power Engineering Review, January 2001
[49] T.Matsumura, H.Shimizu and Y.Yokomizu. Design Guideline of Flux-Lock Type HTS Fault Current Limiter for Power System Application. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol 11, Issue 1, March 2001 Pages:1956-1959
[50] IEC 694(1980): Common Clause for High-Voltage Switchgear and Control Gear Standards
[51] ANSI C37.010: IEEE Application Guide for AC High Voltage Circuit Breaker on a Symmetrical Current Basis.
[52] 范文涛,薛禹胜.慕志恒.面向对象技术及其在电力系统中的应用.电力系统自动化.1998,22(12)
[53] 陈竟成,张雪松,汪峰,于尔铿.配电网络建模、结线分析及动态网络着色.电力系统自动化.23(24)
[54] 谢泽权.限制短路电流技术的探讨.广东电力.1997,2
[55] 杨杰,陈希英.三峡水电站短路电流水平及限制措施分析.电网技术1997,7
[56] 范谨,蔡雪祥.电力系统短路故障限流器的研究.动力工程.1997,12
[57] K.迈耶.高温超导进入使用阶段.水利水电快报.1999,6
[58] 章良栋,刘为,岑文辉,刘人镕,任年荣,朱崎.一种新型短路故障限流器 的研究.电力系统自动化.1997,7
[59] 于尔铿,胡锡龙,刘广一,郑熙明,周景阳,周碧霞.实时网络状态分析.电网技术.1991,5
[60] 中华人民共和国电力行业标准,DL/T 615-1997,交流高压断路器参数选用导则
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