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神华集团神东矿区环境建设与生态保护试验研究
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摘要
神东矿区属世界八大煤田之一,位于西北地区陕西省榆林市与内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市南部地区黄河中游的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区和毛乌素沙地过渡地带,该地自然条件恶劣、干旱少雨、植被稀少、风沙危害剧烈,水土流失极为严重。神东矿区自开发以来,就十分重视环境的保护,有计划地采取了一系列改善矿区生态环境的措施,通过多年的艰苦工作,试验研究,在防风固沙、防治水土流失和工业污染控制等方面取得了成功经验,有效完成矿区风沙治理145km~2,治理植被由14%提高到39%,重点治理区植被覆盖率达到65%以上,累计投入生态资金1.5亿元。
     神东矿区环境脆弱,再加上煤炭开采对环境的影响,矿区生态治理已不再是简单的植树种草,农业措施不能解决根本性问题,必须进行大量的科学试验,针对矿区的生态环境特点,在①采空区治理;②露天煤矿复垦区治理;③污染防治等方面进行试验研究,在总结经验的基础上,完善矿区生态环境建设的理论体系。
     研究神东矿区环境建设与生态保护,将对西部大开发乃至世界同类地区开展环境治理,资源开发,走可持续发展道路提供示范借鉴作
Shendong Coal Branch belongs to one of the eight large coal fields all over the world, which is located at hill & gulch area on the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the transition zone of Mu Us Shadi among Yulin, Shanxi Province and south area of Erdos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, all its unfavorable natural conditions, the lack of rain, scarce vegetation and violent sandstorm damage aggravated the serious of soil erosion. Since development of Shendong Coal Branch, we have paid much attention to the protection of environment and adopted a series of measures to improve ecological environment of coal field in a planned way and has made successful experiences in terms of wind protection & sand bind, erosion control and industrial pollution control, etc. through years of hard work and experimental investigation; we has efficiently accomplished control of sandy wind erosion in coal field amounting to 145 km~2, control of scarce vegetation amounting from 14% to 39%, vegetation plant cover rate in key control areas accounting for 65% above and input of ecological capital accumulating to RMB 150 million.
    The Environment of Shendong Coal Branch is fragile, in addition to influence of coal & mining, ecological control of coal field is not only simply to plant trees & grasses, agricultural measures could no longer settle down essential problems, we must carry out a large amount of scientific experiment to do such jobs in view of ecological environment characteristics: firstly, to control in mined goaf; secondly, to control in reclamation field of open pit; thirdly, to experimental investigation in terms of pollution prevention, to improve theory system of ecological environment building of coal fields on the ground of experience conclusion.
    Investigation on environment construction and ecological protection of Shendong Coal Branch would supply demonstration and reference functions for developing western region, promoting environment control and resource development in the same type of area of the world and going the way of sustainable development.
引文
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