苯并（a）芘在黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）体内代谢转化机制的初步研究
摘要
BaP在海洋鱼类体内代谢转化机制的研究一直是生态毒理学研究的热点和难点之一。本研究采用化学、生态毒理学和生物化学相结合的方法,通过分析黑鲷生物标志物(肝脏EROD、GST活性和肝脏中BaP的蓄积浓度以及胆汁中BaP代谢产物3-OH BaP浓度)的变化,研究BaP对黑鲷产生的生物效应,并初步探讨BaP在黑鲷体内的代谢转化机制;现场实验比较研究了具有不同生活习性和食性的两种鱼-黑鲷和黄斑篮子鱼对BaP胁迫的反应情况,探讨了养殖鱼类对BaP污染的生物指示作用。取得如下的成果:
1.黑鲷暴露较低浓度BaP (0.5μg/L和1.0μg/L)时:在暴露期间,黑鲷肝脏EROD活性随肝脏中BaP的蓄积浓度不断增加而不断被诱导,在暴露2d后达到最高值,然后有下降的变化趋势,两者间的变化具有显著的正相关性;而GST活性在暴露期间变化不大,胆汁中3-OH BaP浓度在暴露早期变化不大,但在后期有逐渐增加的趋势。表明鱼体暴露较低浓度时,肝脏CYP1A反应被不断的激活,并起到解毒作用,防止了过度的基因毒性发生。
2.黑鲷暴露较高浓度BaP (2.0μg/L和5.0μg/L)时:黑鲷肝脏中BaP蓄积浓度急剧升高,在12h达到峰值,然后有不断下降的趋势,而此时3-OH BaP的浓度却急剧升高,在4-7d达到峰值;EROD和GST均被显著诱导,EROD活性被极显著诱导的时间提前于低浓度暴露,但暴露2d和7d后GST与EROD活性呈不断下降的变化趋势。这表明黑鲷高浓度BaP的暴露和蓄积可以提高肝脏对BaP的代谢转化率,但肝脏CYP1A受到高浓度BaP和其代谢产物刺激时,高浓度化合物对酶的毒性作用会导致活性降低,造成肝脏受到一定程度的损伤。
3.黑鲷BaP暴露后的净化实验表明,本次实验的暴露浓度没有超出严重损伤黑鲷自身恢复能力的浓度范围;也说明鱼体被低浓度BaP污染后,通过净化、自身调节和修复,MFO系统可基本恢复至正常水平。
4.现场实验研究表明,黑鲷肝脏EROD活性和胆汁中3-OH BaP比黄斑篮子鱼更适合指示BaP污染;在现场监测中,胆汁中代谢产物比肝脏中污染物的含量更适于作为监测指标。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitoust pollutants in the marine environment and many PAHs are carcinogenic and mutagenic. The research on the metabolic mechanism of Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in marine fish is one of the hotspots and difficulties in the ecotoxicological research area. This study integrated the chemical, ecotoxicological and biochemical methods to discuss the mechanism of metabolism and biotransformation of black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus) exposed to BaP primarily. Meanwhile, field experimental study has been done to investigate the different susceptibility between black porgy and siganussp (Siganus oramin) with different living habits and feeding habits.The following results were obtained: 1. Exposed to the lower BaP concentration (0.5μg/L and 1.0μg/L), it was found that the hepatic EROD activities were induced simultaneously with the increase of the accumulation of BaP in liver, which showed a significant positive correlation. But the hepatic GST activities had no significant change during exposure period. The concentrations of 3-OH BaP in bile had no significant variation in the early exposure period, significant variations were found after 7days expsoure.The results indicated the hepatic CYP1A enzymes were induced in the metabolic process of BaP and developed the detoxicification effect on BaP, consequently, kept from the genotoxicity occurring.
2. Exposed to the higher BaP concentration (2.0μg/L and 5.0μg/L) , Black Porgy showed a rapid increase on the accumulation of BaP in the liver, reached the peak after 12h exposure, and then it decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the concentrations of 3-OH BaP increased rapidly and reached its peak after 4-7d exposure. And the strong significant induction of EROD activities was found at the 12h exposure. This indicated that the bioaccumulation under the high concentration exposure could enhance the rate of BaP biotransformation in liver. However, the high concentration of BaP and its metabolites in liver may inhibit the activity of CYP1A, which would cause lesions in fish.
1.黑鲷暴露较低浓度BaP (0.5μg/L和1.0μg/L)时:在暴露期间,黑鲷肝脏EROD活性随肝脏中BaP的蓄积浓度不断增加而不断被诱导,在暴露2d后达到最高值,然后有下降的变化趋势,两者间的变化具有显著的正相关性;而GST活性在暴露期间变化不大,胆汁中3-OH BaP浓度在暴露早期变化不大,但在后期有逐渐增加的趋势。表明鱼体暴露较低浓度时,肝脏CYP1A反应被不断的激活,并起到解毒作用,防止了过度的基因毒性发生。
2.黑鲷暴露较高浓度BaP (2.0μg/L和5.0μg/L)时:黑鲷肝脏中BaP蓄积浓度急剧升高,在12h达到峰值,然后有不断下降的趋势,而此时3-OH BaP的浓度却急剧升高,在4-7d达到峰值;EROD和GST均被显著诱导,EROD活性被极显著诱导的时间提前于低浓度暴露,但暴露2d和7d后GST与EROD活性呈不断下降的变化趋势。这表明黑鲷高浓度BaP的暴露和蓄积可以提高肝脏对BaP的代谢转化率,但肝脏CYP1A受到高浓度BaP和其代谢产物刺激时,高浓度化合物对酶的毒性作用会导致活性降低,造成肝脏受到一定程度的损伤。
3.黑鲷BaP暴露后的净化实验表明,本次实验的暴露浓度没有超出严重损伤黑鲷自身恢复能力的浓度范围;也说明鱼体被低浓度BaP污染后,通过净化、自身调节和修复,MFO系统可基本恢复至正常水平。
4.现场实验研究表明,黑鲷肝脏EROD活性和胆汁中3-OH BaP比黄斑篮子鱼更适合指示BaP污染;在现场监测中,胆汁中代谢产物比肝脏中污染物的含量更适于作为监测指标。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitoust pollutants in the marine environment and many PAHs are carcinogenic and mutagenic. The research on the metabolic mechanism of Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in marine fish is one of the hotspots and difficulties in the ecotoxicological research area. This study integrated the chemical, ecotoxicological and biochemical methods to discuss the mechanism of metabolism and biotransformation of black porgy (Sparus macrocephalus) exposed to BaP primarily. Meanwhile, field experimental study has been done to investigate the different susceptibility between black porgy and siganussp (Siganus oramin) with different living habits and feeding habits.The following results were obtained: 1. Exposed to the lower BaP concentration (0.5μg/L and 1.0μg/L), it was found that the hepatic EROD activities were induced simultaneously with the increase of the accumulation of BaP in liver, which showed a significant positive correlation. But the hepatic GST activities had no significant change during exposure period. The concentrations of 3-OH BaP in bile had no significant variation in the early exposure period, significant variations were found after 7days expsoure.The results indicated the hepatic CYP1A enzymes were induced in the metabolic process of BaP and developed the detoxicification effect on BaP, consequently, kept from the genotoxicity occurring.
2. Exposed to the higher BaP concentration (2.0μg/L and 5.0μg/L) , Black Porgy showed a rapid increase on the accumulation of BaP in the liver, reached the peak after 12h exposure, and then it decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the concentrations of 3-OH BaP increased rapidly and reached its peak after 4-7d exposure. And the strong significant induction of EROD activities was found at the 12h exposure. This indicated that the bioaccumulation under the high concentration exposure could enhance the rate of BaP biotransformation in liver. However, the high concentration of BaP and its metabolites in liver may inhibit the activity of CYP1A, which would cause lesions in fish.
引文
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