梯级水电站群补偿调节效益偿还机制研究
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摘要
云南省水能资源丰富,但受天然降水不均影响,汛枯期电量悬殊,修建调节水库极其必要。这种水库库容较大,对天然径流有很强的再分配能力,对其他的梯级电站有显著的梯级补偿效益。这种电站的建设,可以大大提高其他梯级电站的保证出力、年发电量等,从而在很大程度上改善该河流各梯级电站的电能质量。从优化水电电源结构、提高水电整体质量和效益、合理利用水资源、保护国家能源安全和实施可持续发展等角度,建设调节水库都具有重要意义。
如何在社会主义市场经济体制条件下,合理分配调节水库的补偿效益,提高投资者建设调节水库电站的积极性,如何在施益电站和受益电站之间合理分配补偿效益,是大家关注的焦点,也是解决投资建设调节水库的关键所在。
本论文研究了调节水库的开发任务和协调综合利用关系,研究了调节水库与被补偿水电站可能的组合关系,梯级水电站不同投资主体间补偿效益偿还的必要性,调节水库的定义、补偿范围的确定、,调节水库补偿原则、调节水库补偿效益的具体衡量指标、补偿效益偿还方法及标准等。
论文通过对云南省澜沧江、金沙江、怒江和李仙江等大中型河流的具体径流调节计算和分析,在考虑按有、无调节水库的情况下,进行梯级电站径流补偿调节计算,对比分析有无上游水库调节前后,计算受益电站在有、无施益电站两种工况下的逐时段平均出力、多年平均发电量(包括丰水期电量、平水期电量和枯水期电量),并阐明施益电站和受益电站之间的补偿关系,统计出施益电站对受益电站的补偿效益,确定了调节水库的补偿效益范围为施益电站的调节库容不低于受益电站多年平均径流量的5%。论文对补偿效益的成本比例分配,综合参数分配和比例分配三种主要分配方法进行了对比分析,推荐分配比例采用双方各50%。
论文最后对所确定的补偿效益偿还方法通过对云南三江干流进行了效果分析。
Yunnan Province is rich in hydropower resources. But because of disequilibrium precipitation, electricity generation during flood season and dry season differs widely. Regulation reservoirs construction is extremely necessary. The regulation reservoir has huge storage and strong abilities to regulate natural runoff and compensation regulation benefit on the downstream hydropower stations. It will greatly increase the firm output and electricity generation of hydropower stations in downstream and improve electricity quality. So from aspects such as implementation of sustainable development, optimizing hydropower resources, improving hydropower quality, making full use of hydropower resources, the construction of regulation reservoirs is important.
How to distribute the compensation regulation benefit and increase interest of the investor under the socialism market economy is the key of solving problem of construction regulation reservoirs.
In this paper the development task and comprehensive utilization of regulation reservoirs and relationship between reservoirs and compensated hydropower stations is studied. The necessary of repay the compensation regulation benefit, the definition of regulation reservoir, scope of compensation regulation, compensation regulation benefit, its weighing standard and repay method and so on are also studied.
The detail runoff regulation calculation of cases of Lanchang River, Jinsha River, Nujiang River and Lixian River is done under the situations of with regulation reservoir and without regulation reservoir. Then the differences between these two situations are analyzed. The compensation regulation benefit is calculated. The distribution method is determined to be proration after comparing three methods.
如何在社会主义市场经济体制条件下,合理分配调节水库的补偿效益,提高投资者建设调节水库电站的积极性,如何在施益电站和受益电站之间合理分配补偿效益,是大家关注的焦点,也是解决投资建设调节水库的关键所在。
本论文研究了调节水库的开发任务和协调综合利用关系,研究了调节水库与被补偿水电站可能的组合关系,梯级水电站不同投资主体间补偿效益偿还的必要性,调节水库的定义、补偿范围的确定、,调节水库补偿原则、调节水库补偿效益的具体衡量指标、补偿效益偿还方法及标准等。
论文通过对云南省澜沧江、金沙江、怒江和李仙江等大中型河流的具体径流调节计算和分析,在考虑按有、无调节水库的情况下,进行梯级电站径流补偿调节计算,对比分析有无上游水库调节前后,计算受益电站在有、无施益电站两种工况下的逐时段平均出力、多年平均发电量(包括丰水期电量、平水期电量和枯水期电量),并阐明施益电站和受益电站之间的补偿关系,统计出施益电站对受益电站的补偿效益,确定了调节水库的补偿效益范围为施益电站的调节库容不低于受益电站多年平均径流量的5%。论文对补偿效益的成本比例分配,综合参数分配和比例分配三种主要分配方法进行了对比分析,推荐分配比例采用双方各50%。
论文最后对所确定的补偿效益偿还方法通过对云南三江干流进行了效果分析。
Yunnan Province is rich in hydropower resources. But because of disequilibrium precipitation, electricity generation during flood season and dry season differs widely. Regulation reservoirs construction is extremely necessary. The regulation reservoir has huge storage and strong abilities to regulate natural runoff and compensation regulation benefit on the downstream hydropower stations. It will greatly increase the firm output and electricity generation of hydropower stations in downstream and improve electricity quality. So from aspects such as implementation of sustainable development, optimizing hydropower resources, improving hydropower quality, making full use of hydropower resources, the construction of regulation reservoirs is important.
How to distribute the compensation regulation benefit and increase interest of the investor under the socialism market economy is the key of solving problem of construction regulation reservoirs.
In this paper the development task and comprehensive utilization of regulation reservoirs and relationship between reservoirs and compensated hydropower stations is studied. The necessary of repay the compensation regulation benefit, the definition of regulation reservoir, scope of compensation regulation, compensation regulation benefit, its weighing standard and repay method and so on are also studied.
The detail runoff regulation calculation of cases of Lanchang River, Jinsha River, Nujiang River and Lixian River is done under the situations of with regulation reservoir and without regulation reservoir. Then the differences between these two situations are analyzed. The compensation regulation benefit is calculated. The distribution method is determined to be proration after comparing three methods.
引文
[1] 畅建霞,黄强. 黄河上游梯级电站补偿效益研究, 水力发电学报, 2002(4):11-17
[2] 赵先进. 河流梯级调节水库投资的水头分摊法, 贵州水力发电,1994(4):59-61
[3] 赵麦换,徐晨光. 离差平方法在梯级水库补偿效益和综合水利工程费用分摊中的应用, 水力发电学报, 2004.23(6):1-4
[4] 张功义. 谈龙头水库投资如何在下游梯级电站中分摊, 水利水电科技进展, 2000.20(6):43-45
[5] 林鸿. 以发电为主的梯级电站龙头水库投资分摊问题初探, 水力发电,1995(6):60-64
[6] 邹明强. 以发电为主的龙头水库投资分摊的动能效益增值比例法探讨, 小水电,1996(2):28-30
[7] 薛小杰,黄强. 梯级水电站补偿效益分摊方法研究, 中国农村水利水电,2001(4):45-48
[8] 刘涵. 黄河干流供水发电补偿效益及其分配方案研究, 水力发电学报,2003(2):24-30
[9] 黄群. 宝珠寺电站对下游水电站的调节效益及补偿问题探讨, 四川水力发电,2002.21(2):13-18
[10] 杨振立,王军良. 碛口水库与安康、石泉水库补偿效益调节, 陕西水力发电,1998.14(4):27-31
[11] 四川省流域梯级水电站间水库调节效益偿付管理办法
[12] 吴沧浦,年调节水库的最优运用,科学记录,1962 年第 2 期
[13] 解建仓,王新宏,跨流域水库群补偿调节的模型及 DSS 算法,西安理工大学学报,1998 年,第 14 卷第 2 期,(123-128);
[14] 缪益平等,径流补偿时梯级水电站群系统保证出力的计算模型,水电能源科学,2004 年,第 22 卷第 1 期,(33-36);
[15] 周晓阳等,梯级水库的参数辨识型优化调度方法—梯级水库能分析,水利学报,1999 年第 9 期,(1-9);
[16] 周晓阳等,梯级水库的参数辨识型优化调度方法—最优调度函数的确定,水利学报,1999 年,第 9 期,(10-19);
[17] 梅亚东,梯级水库优化调度的有后效性动态规划模型及应用,水科学进展,,2000 年,第 11 卷第 2 期,(195-198);
[18] 陈森林等,流域水电站群短期优化调度的均匀用水最小模型,水电能源科学,1999 年,第 17 卷第 3 期,(9-12);
[19] 杨侃,陈雷,梯级水电站群调度多目标网络分析模型,水利水电科技进展,1998 年,第 18 卷第 3 期,(35-38);
[20] 梁年生,姜铁兵,水电站群补偿调节模型(HCOM)极其求解,水电能源科学,1995 年,第 13 卷第 1 期,(43-51);
[21] G. W. Tauxe, Maltiobjective Dynamic Programming with Application to A Reservoir water Resources Res 15(6) ,1979
[22] M. D. Mesarovic. D. Macko & Y.Takahara, Theory of Hierarchical Multilevel System, Academic Press, New York,1970;
[23] Y.Y.Haimes,Hierarchical Analysis of Water Resources System: Modeling and Optimization of Large Systems, Mc Graw-Hill,New York,1977;
[24] Turgeon. A. Optimal Operation of Multi-Reseroir Powers Sysems with Stochastic Inflows, Water Resource Research, 1980, 16(20);275-283;
[25] Vaddes J.B, J.M.D. Fillipps, M.S. Kenneth, and P. J. Restrepo, Aggregation-Disaggregation Approach to Multireseroir Operation, J. Water resource Planning &Management, ASCE. 1992.Vol 118(4):423—443;
[26] Young. G. K, Finding Reservoir operating Rules Hyddro Div Am soc civ Eng 93(HY6)1967;
[27] Hall W.A Optimitation of the operation of a Multiple purpose Reservoir by Dynamic Programming Water Resources Res 4(3) 1968;
[28] L.D. Bodin mulsireservir operation studies water Resources Res6(2) 1970;
[29] Trott, W, and W. Yeh, optimization of multiple reservoir system, J. Hynamic Programming Problems, Meth Programming, 1975,8(1);
[30] H.R.Howson et al, A new Algorithm for the Solution of Multistage Dynamic Programming Programming Problems ,Meth Programming,1975,8(1);
[31] Little J.D.C., The use of storage water in a hydroelectric system, Oper. Res.,3, 1995;
[32] Heidari, M. V. T. Chow, P. V. Kokotovic, and D. D. Meredith.Discrete differential dynamic programming approach to water resources systems optimization .Water resour. Res.,7(2),273-282,1971;
[33] Chow, V. T, D.R. Maidment, and G.W.Tauxe, Computer time and memory requirements for DP and DDDP in Water resources systems analysis, Water Resour. Res, 11(5),1975;
[34] Yeh.W.W-G, Reservoir Management and Operations Models: A state-of-the-art Review. 1985,21(2):1797-1818;
[35] G. W. Tauxe, Maltiobjective Dynamic Programming with Application to A Reservoir water Resources Res 15(6) ,1979
[36] G. L. Beckor, Multiobjective Analgsis of Multive servoir operations water Resources Res 18(5) 1962;
[37] Robin Wardlaw, Mohd Sharif, Evaluation of Genetic Algorithms for Optimal Reservior Resources, Journal of Water Resource Planning and Management Vol.125, No.1, pp25-33,1999,Feb;
[38] Scott E.Cieniawski, J.Waylan Eheart, and Ranjithan, Using genetic algortms to solve a multiobjective groundwater monitoring problem, Water Resource Research,Vol.31,No.2,pp399-409,1995,Feb;
[2] 赵先进. 河流梯级调节水库投资的水头分摊法, 贵州水力发电,1994(4):59-61
[3] 赵麦换,徐晨光. 离差平方法在梯级水库补偿效益和综合水利工程费用分摊中的应用, 水力发电学报, 2004.23(6):1-4
[4] 张功义. 谈龙头水库投资如何在下游梯级电站中分摊, 水利水电科技进展, 2000.20(6):43-45
[5] 林鸿. 以发电为主的梯级电站龙头水库投资分摊问题初探, 水力发电,1995(6):60-64
[6] 邹明强. 以发电为主的龙头水库投资分摊的动能效益增值比例法探讨, 小水电,1996(2):28-30
[7] 薛小杰,黄强. 梯级水电站补偿效益分摊方法研究, 中国农村水利水电,2001(4):45-48
[8] 刘涵. 黄河干流供水发电补偿效益及其分配方案研究, 水力发电学报,2003(2):24-30
[9] 黄群. 宝珠寺电站对下游水电站的调节效益及补偿问题探讨, 四川水力发电,2002.21(2):13-18
[10] 杨振立,王军良. 碛口水库与安康、石泉水库补偿效益调节, 陕西水力发电,1998.14(4):27-31
[11] 四川省流域梯级水电站间水库调节效益偿付管理办法
[12] 吴沧浦,年调节水库的最优运用,科学记录,1962 年第 2 期
[13] 解建仓,王新宏,跨流域水库群补偿调节的模型及 DSS 算法,西安理工大学学报,1998 年,第 14 卷第 2 期,(123-128);
[14] 缪益平等,径流补偿时梯级水电站群系统保证出力的计算模型,水电能源科学,2004 年,第 22 卷第 1 期,(33-36);
[15] 周晓阳等,梯级水库的参数辨识型优化调度方法—梯级水库能分析,水利学报,1999 年第 9 期,(1-9);
[16] 周晓阳等,梯级水库的参数辨识型优化调度方法—最优调度函数的确定,水利学报,1999 年,第 9 期,(10-19);
[17] 梅亚东,梯级水库优化调度的有后效性动态规划模型及应用,水科学进展,,2000 年,第 11 卷第 2 期,(195-198);
[18] 陈森林等,流域水电站群短期优化调度的均匀用水最小模型,水电能源科学,1999 年,第 17 卷第 3 期,(9-12);
[19] 杨侃,陈雷,梯级水电站群调度多目标网络分析模型,水利水电科技进展,1998 年,第 18 卷第 3 期,(35-38);
[20] 梁年生,姜铁兵,水电站群补偿调节模型(HCOM)极其求解,水电能源科学,1995 年,第 13 卷第 1 期,(43-51);
[21] G. W. Tauxe, Maltiobjective Dynamic Programming with Application to A Reservoir water Resources Res 15(6) ,1979
[22] M. D. Mesarovic. D. Macko & Y.Takahara, Theory of Hierarchical Multilevel System, Academic Press, New York,1970;
[23] Y.Y.Haimes,Hierarchical Analysis of Water Resources System: Modeling and Optimization of Large Systems, Mc Graw-Hill,New York,1977;
[24] Turgeon. A. Optimal Operation of Multi-Reseroir Powers Sysems with Stochastic Inflows, Water Resource Research, 1980, 16(20);275-283;
[25] Vaddes J.B, J.M.D. Fillipps, M.S. Kenneth, and P. J. Restrepo, Aggregation-Disaggregation Approach to Multireseroir Operation, J. Water resource Planning &Management, ASCE. 1992.Vol 118(4):423—443;
[26] Young. G. K, Finding Reservoir operating Rules Hyddro Div Am soc civ Eng 93(HY6)1967;
[27] Hall W.A Optimitation of the operation of a Multiple purpose Reservoir by Dynamic Programming Water Resources Res 4(3) 1968;
[28] L.D. Bodin mulsireservir operation studies water Resources Res6(2) 1970;
[29] Trott, W, and W. Yeh, optimization of multiple reservoir system, J. Hynamic Programming Problems, Meth Programming, 1975,8(1);
[30] H.R.Howson et al, A new Algorithm for the Solution of Multistage Dynamic Programming Programming Problems ,Meth Programming,1975,8(1);
[31] Little J.D.C., The use of storage water in a hydroelectric system, Oper. Res.,3, 1995;
[32] Heidari, M. V. T. Chow, P. V. Kokotovic, and D. D. Meredith.Discrete differential dynamic programming approach to water resources systems optimization .Water resour. Res.,7(2),273-282,1971;
[33] Chow, V. T, D.R. Maidment, and G.W.Tauxe, Computer time and memory requirements for DP and DDDP in Water resources systems analysis, Water Resour. Res, 11(5),1975;
[34] Yeh.W.W-G, Reservoir Management and Operations Models: A state-of-the-art Review. 1985,21(2):1797-1818;
[35] G. W. Tauxe, Maltiobjective Dynamic Programming with Application to A Reservoir water Resources Res 15(6) ,1979
[36] G. L. Beckor, Multiobjective Analgsis of Multive servoir operations water Resources Res 18(5) 1962;
[37] Robin Wardlaw, Mohd Sharif, Evaluation of Genetic Algorithms for Optimal Reservior Resources, Journal of Water Resource Planning and Management Vol.125, No.1, pp25-33,1999,Feb;
[38] Scott E.Cieniawski, J.Waylan Eheart, and Ranjithan, Using genetic algortms to solve a multiobjective groundwater monitoring problem, Water Resource Research,Vol.31,No.2,pp399-409,1995,Feb;