大庆油田杏四油区优化钻井工艺技术研究
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摘要
杏四区断层和薄差层发育，地质构造复杂，钻井风险大，对油气钻井工程技术参数进行优化十分重要。本文首先对杏四区的地质构造特征及复杂地质构造条件下钻井的不确定性和复杂性进行了分析，重点分析了各类油层的地质构造特征，井塌、井漏、缩径的形成原因、对钻井施工的影响及预防措施。开展了钻井液、钻具组合、完井技术优化研究，主要通过钻井液体系试验，分析了钻井液组分性能，并结合本区的地层条件，确定了合理的钻井液配方；通过对钻井液流动原理的研究，确定了在钻进过程中要根据井深变化使用不同型号的钻头，以便最大限度的发挥水力能量，在提高机械钻速的同时减少井下事故的发生；通过对井斜原因的分析，总结出稳定器的数量和加放位置，确定了钻井参数对井斜的影响，给出了合理的钻具组合；根据油层保护的经验方法，确定了合理的钻井液密度，同时根据电测曲线计算的地层压力，确定了合理的固井液密度，为钻井提供可行的固井方法和完井技术，达到保护油层的目的。
There are many faults and thin-poor layers developed in Xing 4 block, and the drilling engineering has a big venture for its complex geology and geological structures, so how to cut down the cost of drilling and improve the economic performance is the economic target which the drilling engineering and technique pursued all the time. It is important to optimize the parameters of drilling engineering. In this paper, the geological and structural characteristics, and drilling uncertainty and complexity of Xing 4 block(especially the geological structures, causes of formation of borehole collapse, loss of well and borehole shrink and their effects on drilling and preventive measures) are investigated. An optimum design proposal has been selected in this research through the laboratory and field experiments of drilling fluid, make-up of string and completion technique. It can reduce the drilling cycle and cut down the cost of drilling and has a good sense to the oil layer protecting works. The component capabilities of drilling fluid have been analyzed. According to the conditions of oil layers in this area, the reasonable compounding formula has been confirmed through the test of drilling fluid system. Through the study of flowage principle of drilling fluid, different size aiguilles should be used according to the variable well depth. So it can farthest exert the energy of water power to increase the drilling speed and reduce the downhole accidents. Through analyses the cause of borehole inclination, the amount of antifluctuator and the setting position have been summarized. The influence of drilling parameter to borehole inclination and the reasonable make-up of string were summed up. The reasonable density of drilling fluid has been conformed according to the experience method of oil layer protecting. And the reasonable density of well cementation fluid has been conformed according to the pressure that calculated by electrical logging curves, it can provide feasible cementing method and completion technique to protect the oil layers. The field testing in Xing4 block indicates that the optimized drilling technologies are feasible and commercial.
There are many faults and thin-poor layers developed in Xing 4 block, and the drilling engineering has a big venture for its complex geology and geological structures, so how to cut down the cost of drilling and improve the economic performance is the economic target which the drilling engineering and technique pursued all the time. It is important to optimize the parameters of drilling engineering. In this paper, the geological and structural characteristics, and drilling uncertainty and complexity of Xing 4 block(especially the geological structures, causes of formation of borehole collapse, loss of well and borehole shrink and their effects on drilling and preventive measures) are investigated. An optimum design proposal has been selected in this research through the laboratory and field experiments of drilling fluid, make-up of string and completion technique. It can reduce the drilling cycle and cut down the cost of drilling and has a good sense to the oil layer protecting works. The component capabilities of drilling fluid have been analyzed. According to the conditions of oil layers in this area, the reasonable compounding formula has been confirmed through the test of drilling fluid system. Through the study of flowage principle of drilling fluid, different size aiguilles should be used according to the variable well depth. So it can farthest exert the energy of water power to increase the drilling speed and reduce the downhole accidents. Through analyses the cause of borehole inclination, the amount of antifluctuator and the setting position have been summarized. The influence of drilling parameter to borehole inclination and the reasonable make-up of string were summed up. The reasonable density of drilling fluid has been conformed according to the experience method of oil layer protecting. And the reasonable density of well cementation fluid has been conformed according to the pressure that calculated by electrical logging curves, it can provide feasible cementing method and completion technique to protect the oil layers. The field testing in Xing4 block indicates that the optimized drilling technologies are feasible and commercial.
引文
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[10] 王德新著．完井与井下作业[M]．北京：石油大学出版社，1999
[11] Robert A Gardes. Micro-annulus under-balanced drilling of multilateral wells Offshore[M]. Drilling Technology, May, 1996: 58-59
[12] 刘希圣著．钻井工程理论与技术[M]．北京：石油大学出版社，2000年
[13] Yujin Luo. Well control procedures developed for multilateral wells[J]. Oil & Gas Joumal, April, 1996: 84-90
[14] 李克向主编．钻井手册(甲方)[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1991
[15] 刘大为等译．现代固井技术[M]．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1994
[16] 刘善德等译．钻井数据手册[M]．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1990
[17] 万仁溥．现代完井工程[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996
[18] Young, F. S.. Computerized drilling control[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, April, 1969: 65
[19] Allen, J. H.. Determining parameters that affect rate of penetration[J]. Oil and Gas Journal, Oct. 1977(3): 64
[20] G. V. R.. Engineering Optimization[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1983
[21] P. L. Mooren. Drilling Praeices Manual[M]. Tulsa: The Petroleum Publishing Co. Tulsa, 1974
[2] 郭学增编．最优化钻井理论基础与计算[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1987
[3] A．鲁宾斯基著．钻井工程进展(第二册)[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1993
[4] Adam T．Bourguyne Jr等著，徐云英主译．实用钻井工程[M]．北京：中国石油天然气总公司情报研究所，1989
[5] 刘希圣主编．钻井工艺原理(中册)[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2001
[6] 于洪金，赵俊平，艾池编著．油气钻井工程经济[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2001
[7] Cerkovnik. J. Design Application of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Cutters in the Rock Mountains[M]. SPE 10893
[8] 张云连著．钻井新技术[M]．北京：石油大学出版社，1999
[9] 刘延平著．国内外钻井与采油工程新技术[M]．北京：中国石化出版社，2002
[10] 王德新著．完井与井下作业[M]．北京：石油大学出版社，1999
[11] Robert A Gardes. Micro-annulus under-balanced drilling of multilateral wells Offshore[M]. Drilling Technology, May, 1996: 58-59
[12] 刘希圣著．钻井工程理论与技术[M]．北京：石油大学出版社，2000年
[13] Yujin Luo. Well control procedures developed for multilateral wells[J]. Oil & Gas Joumal, April, 1996: 84-90
[14] 李克向主编．钻井手册(甲方)[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1991
[15] 刘大为等译．现代固井技术[M]．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1994
[16] 刘善德等译．钻井数据手册[M]．哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社，1990
[17] 万仁溥．现代完井工程[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996
[18] Young, F. S.. Computerized drilling control[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology, April, 1969: 65
[19] Allen, J. H.. Determining parameters that affect rate of penetration[J]. Oil and Gas Journal, Oct. 1977(3): 64
[20] G. V. R.. Engineering Optimization[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1983
[21] P. L. Mooren. Drilling Praeices Manual[M]. Tulsa: The Petroleum Publishing Co. Tulsa, 1974
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