火山灰材料在道路工程中的应用研究
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摘要
火山灰是火山喷发时随同熔岩一起喷发的大量熔岩碎屑和粉尘沉积在地表面或水中形成松散或轻度胶结的物质。全球火山灰资源十分丰富,尤其是我国东北及西部地区,火山灰材料分布比较集中,且储量巨大,而火山灰分布地区传统筑路材料比较缺乏,在一定程度上制约了当地公路建设和经济发展,因地制宜开展火山灰材料在道路工程的应用研究十分必要。
本文在火山灰分布调查工作的基础上,选取了多种具有代表性的火山灰样品进行了物理、化学性质和颗粒组成分析,结合道路工程中筑路材料的指标要求,进行火山灰材料应用方式的可行性分析;以室内试验为主要手段,对火山灰填筑路基、用作路面基层混合料、提高水泥混凝土性能的相关内容进行分析,得出了相关技术指标和参数;在室内试验研究结果的基础上,修筑了火山灰路基、火山灰路面基层、水泥混凝土路面,并进行了跟踪观测、检测。针对火山灰材料的性质,结合季节性冰冻气候对路基、路面、基层的要求,通过大量的试验研究、系统的理论分析和依托工程使用效果评价,总结并提交了设计施工指南,为火山灰材料在季冻区道路工程中的成功推广应用提供可靠的技术支持。
Volcanic eruption is when, together with lava, lava eruption of a large number of debris and dust deposited on the surface of land or water or a mild form of loose material and cement. Global ash is rich in resources, particularly in the western region and northeastern China, the ash materials more concentrated distribution, and the huge reserves, the distribution of volcanic ash and traditional materials, the relative lack of roads, to a certain extent, restricted the local road-building and economic development, carried out in line with local conditions Ash materials in road works application is necessary.
In this paper, to select a number of representative samples of volcanic ash to the physical, chemical analysis of the nature and composition of the particles, the combination of road works in road construction material of the indicator to test for the interior of the main means of volcanic ash in road engineering for research. This article is divided into five chapters
Chapter 1 for the introduction of the paper, introduced the use of volcanic ash in the world of the status quo and analysis of volcanic ash used in the feasibility of road works.
Chapter 2 is the main filling roadbed compacted volcanic ash to introduce stability in the technology, antifreeze and warm every other studies to volcanic ash for use as roadbed filler carried out two major studies, one for a number of areas of volcanic slag, volcanic Sand particles size of a single material, filling in the road construction in difficult compaction, the compaction and stability roadbed volcanic ash filling technology, which is composed of volcanic ash particles of blending a certain percentage of fine-grained or fine-grained soil Gray to increase its compaction, in order to achieve the degree of compaction specifications. According to the study of volcanic ash, volcanic gravel mixed with the residue, the mixture with a reasonable particle size, form Gravel skeleton, ash, slag filled the volcano, the roller can be formed by the density and intensity of the high road. At the same time, consideration should be given to volcanic ash roadbed filling materials with different soil blending, ash materials and the best soil mix is not the same as the actual construction should be based on the results of tests carried out over filling. Second, volcanic slag, volcanic sand is a porous material, with a small thermal conductivity, temperature every performance lasting advantages, the volcanic ash materials and the rate of frost heave thermal conductivity test, volcanic ash and clay roadbed deep freeze observation, based on this comparison Analysis of the Ash and clay roadbed of the temperature of every other. Frost heave ash was significantly lower than liquid limit the rate of frost heave in clay, the former the latter was only 0.26 to 0.34 times that of volcanic ash that frost heave is better than low-performance liquid clay heave of performance, if both the roadbed freeze The same deep, volcanic ash clay roadbed than half of the roadbed to reduce the thickness of the cushion, meaning significantly. Dry ash material coefficient of thermal properties of clay is only 0.41 ~ 0.59 times that of the material illustrate volcanic ash separated from the good performance of temperature. Of volcanic ash and clay had a temperature of deep observation, observation period of volcanic ash roadbed of the largest deep-freeze for 1.2m, clay of the largest deep-freeze for 1.8m. Ash and clay roadbed antifreeze comparative analysis of results showed that volcanic ash roadbed has a good antifreeze, can significantly reduce the roadbed deep freeze, reduce the value of the roadbed and road surface frost heave strain of grass-roots, thinning cushion the road, the road to enhance The flatness, filling ash roadbed has a good stability and frost resistance. Through the above-mentioned two studies, to address the volcanic ash roadbed fill the key technical problems in the region for volcanic ash ash roadbed construction of the provision of reliable technical support. By volcanic ash materials and a number of fine-grained soil or blending of fine ash, is greater than the current JTGD30-2004 at all levels in the correct roadbed CBR minimum strength requirements to meet the requirements of compactness.
Chapter 3 is introduced for the ash path of the grass-roots strength, frost resistance, anti-contraction, such as anti-fatigue properties Using the road to the main means of indoor experiments, researchers analyzed the different mix of volcanic ash mixture of the road Performance, including mechanical properties, anti-shrinkage performance, anti-fatigue properties, the performance of antifreeze and anti-erosion performance, and traditional and semi-rigid material of the pavement performance compared to study and sum up volcanic ash for the construction of grass-roots process. Lime grass-roots type of volcanic ash and lime ash cement concrete than grass-roots type of volcanic ash strength of the grass-roots type of growth even in the late high-intensity, the actual project proposed the use of lime grass-roots type of volcanic ash and lime cement grass-roots type of volcanic ash, lime compound dose combination of not less than 6% Through the application of tests to determine the right mix. Hill gray mixture 360d age intensity than 180d age strength of 10% to 20% of the increase in volcanic ash to prove in the construction of grass-roots following the end of the process of the use of a certain intensity of growth potential. Pavement ash resistance resilient modulus for the distribution of 870 ~ 1346MPa, lower than the traditional semi-rigid resistance of the resilient modulus, but at the grass-roots level for asphalt pavement modulus. Ash mixture splitting intensity distribution in the 0.49 ~ 0.77MPa, and two gray gravel and cement stability in the gravel close to splitting intensity. Volcanic ash stone materials with more flexibility, good anti-fatigue properties. The stability of volcanic ash high stresses in the grass-roots strength under a certain superiority, although at a lower intensity than the stress of ash when the stability of the grass-roots level under load was significantly lower than the number of grass-roots level II gray stone, but in the course of the use of volcanic ash mixed grass-roots The expected strength of a greater room for growth, the same, the fatigue performance will increase with the strength and growth. The stability of the grass-roots level of volcanic ash material temperature coefficient of reduction is about the traditional semi-rigid material temperature coefficient of reduction of 1/4 to 1/2, the shrinkage factor of the traditional semi-rigid shrinkage factor of 1/3 to 1/2 on the stability of volcanic ash Has a good grass-roots anti-shrinkage performance, ash materials and grass-roots structure of the porous mixture of more granular components of volcanic ash is the stability of the grass-roots level with a good mixture of anti-shrinking properties of the main reasons. Ash grass-roots road surface materials to meet the performance requirements of the grass-roots anti-erosion. The scattered lime and ash fineness mixture is an important factor in performance, combined with the expected stability of the volcanic residue and other coarse aggregate should be expected to control the combination of small and scattered in the mixture, and to control mixed The type of material structure, the largest stone size, reduce isolation, and volcanic slag content should be fine for control. In indoor experiments made on the basis of volcanic ash mixture grass-roots, the grass-roots level by the end of the technical indicators of volcanic ash and aggregate mixture of the scope of the composition of the particles can be used to guide ash mixture of grass-roots applications.
Chapter 4 is introduced volcanic ash for cement concrete pavement in applied research, testing residue of crushed volcanic value, the loss in Los Angeles, and other physical wear indicators, to determine their alternative to cement concrete pavement of coarse aggregate to assume the role of skeleton after testing Java volcano substitute different proportion of coarse aggregate after the performance of cement concrete, cement and concrete from an economic point of a comprehensive performance to determine volcanic slag cement concrete alternative to the ratio of coarse aggregate. Note volcanic slag cement concrete pavement replacement of some of the coarse aggregate is feasible to replace the volcanic residue coarse aggregate the best ratio of 80%. In the right content, ash on the ground of cement concrete work, mechanics and durability is indeed a positive role to improve and reduce the amount of cement to reduce the cost, the best content of 15%. In the analysis of silica fume, fly ash ground in the high-performance concrete in the role, mixing of different proportion of fine ash cement concrete work, mechanical properties and durability testing, research on ground ash cement concrete To improve the performance and to determine the optimum blending ratio. Ash for cement concrete pavement in the road to meet the performance requirements, the most obvious meaning is to reduce the construction cost of cement and gravel to address the lack of information on areas of road construction issues, the promotion of regional distribution of volcanic ash transportation and economic development is of great significance.
Chapter 5 is conclusion part. It gives a summary of the work done in this essay and provides suggestions to the possible work which would be needed afterwards.
本文在火山灰分布调查工作的基础上,选取了多种具有代表性的火山灰样品进行了物理、化学性质和颗粒组成分析,结合道路工程中筑路材料的指标要求,进行火山灰材料应用方式的可行性分析;以室内试验为主要手段,对火山灰填筑路基、用作路面基层混合料、提高水泥混凝土性能的相关内容进行分析,得出了相关技术指标和参数;在室内试验研究结果的基础上,修筑了火山灰路基、火山灰路面基层、水泥混凝土路面,并进行了跟踪观测、检测。针对火山灰材料的性质,结合季节性冰冻气候对路基、路面、基层的要求,通过大量的试验研究、系统的理论分析和依托工程使用效果评价,总结并提交了设计施工指南,为火山灰材料在季冻区道路工程中的成功推广应用提供可靠的技术支持。
Volcanic eruption is when, together with lava, lava eruption of a large number of debris and dust deposited on the surface of land or water or a mild form of loose material and cement. Global ash is rich in resources, particularly in the western region and northeastern China, the ash materials more concentrated distribution, and the huge reserves, the distribution of volcanic ash and traditional materials, the relative lack of roads, to a certain extent, restricted the local road-building and economic development, carried out in line with local conditions Ash materials in road works application is necessary.
In this paper, to select a number of representative samples of volcanic ash to the physical, chemical analysis of the nature and composition of the particles, the combination of road works in road construction material of the indicator to test for the interior of the main means of volcanic ash in road engineering for research. This article is divided into five chapters
Chapter 1 for the introduction of the paper, introduced the use of volcanic ash in the world of the status quo and analysis of volcanic ash used in the feasibility of road works.
Chapter 2 is the main filling roadbed compacted volcanic ash to introduce stability in the technology, antifreeze and warm every other studies to volcanic ash for use as roadbed filler carried out two major studies, one for a number of areas of volcanic slag, volcanic Sand particles size of a single material, filling in the road construction in difficult compaction, the compaction and stability roadbed volcanic ash filling technology, which is composed of volcanic ash particles of blending a certain percentage of fine-grained or fine-grained soil Gray to increase its compaction, in order to achieve the degree of compaction specifications. According to the study of volcanic ash, volcanic gravel mixed with the residue, the mixture with a reasonable particle size, form Gravel skeleton, ash, slag filled the volcano, the roller can be formed by the density and intensity of the high road. At the same time, consideration should be given to volcanic ash roadbed filling materials with different soil blending, ash materials and the best soil mix is not the same as the actual construction should be based on the results of tests carried out over filling. Second, volcanic slag, volcanic sand is a porous material, with a small thermal conductivity, temperature every performance lasting advantages, the volcanic ash materials and the rate of frost heave thermal conductivity test, volcanic ash and clay roadbed deep freeze observation, based on this comparison Analysis of the Ash and clay roadbed of the temperature of every other. Frost heave ash was significantly lower than liquid limit the rate of frost heave in clay, the former the latter was only 0.26 to 0.34 times that of volcanic ash that frost heave is better than low-performance liquid clay heave of performance, if both the roadbed freeze The same deep, volcanic ash clay roadbed than half of the roadbed to reduce the thickness of the cushion, meaning significantly. Dry ash material coefficient of thermal properties of clay is only 0.41 ~ 0.59 times that of the material illustrate volcanic ash separated from the good performance of temperature. Of volcanic ash and clay had a temperature of deep observation, observation period of volcanic ash roadbed of the largest deep-freeze for 1.2m, clay of the largest deep-freeze for 1.8m. Ash and clay roadbed antifreeze comparative analysis of results showed that volcanic ash roadbed has a good antifreeze, can significantly reduce the roadbed deep freeze, reduce the value of the roadbed and road surface frost heave strain of grass-roots, thinning cushion the road, the road to enhance The flatness, filling ash roadbed has a good stability and frost resistance. Through the above-mentioned two studies, to address the volcanic ash roadbed fill the key technical problems in the region for volcanic ash ash roadbed construction of the provision of reliable technical support. By volcanic ash materials and a number of fine-grained soil or blending of fine ash, is greater than the current JTGD30-2004 at all levels in the correct roadbed CBR minimum strength requirements to meet the requirements of compactness.
Chapter 3 is introduced for the ash path of the grass-roots strength, frost resistance, anti-contraction, such as anti-fatigue properties Using the road to the main means of indoor experiments, researchers analyzed the different mix of volcanic ash mixture of the road Performance, including mechanical properties, anti-shrinkage performance, anti-fatigue properties, the performance of antifreeze and anti-erosion performance, and traditional and semi-rigid material of the pavement performance compared to study and sum up volcanic ash for the construction of grass-roots process. Lime grass-roots type of volcanic ash and lime ash cement concrete than grass-roots type of volcanic ash strength of the grass-roots type of growth even in the late high-intensity, the actual project proposed the use of lime grass-roots type of volcanic ash and lime cement grass-roots type of volcanic ash, lime compound dose combination of not less than 6% Through the application of tests to determine the right mix. Hill gray mixture 360d age intensity than 180d age strength of 10% to 20% of the increase in volcanic ash to prove in the construction of grass-roots following the end of the process of the use of a certain intensity of growth potential. Pavement ash resistance resilient modulus for the distribution of 870 ~ 1346MPa, lower than the traditional semi-rigid resistance of the resilient modulus, but at the grass-roots level for asphalt pavement modulus. Ash mixture splitting intensity distribution in the 0.49 ~ 0.77MPa, and two gray gravel and cement stability in the gravel close to splitting intensity. Volcanic ash stone materials with more flexibility, good anti-fatigue properties. The stability of volcanic ash high stresses in the grass-roots strength under a certain superiority, although at a lower intensity than the stress of ash when the stability of the grass-roots level under load was significantly lower than the number of grass-roots level II gray stone, but in the course of the use of volcanic ash mixed grass-roots The expected strength of a greater room for growth, the same, the fatigue performance will increase with the strength and growth. The stability of the grass-roots level of volcanic ash material temperature coefficient of reduction is about the traditional semi-rigid material temperature coefficient of reduction of 1/4 to 1/2, the shrinkage factor of the traditional semi-rigid shrinkage factor of 1/3 to 1/2 on the stability of volcanic ash Has a good grass-roots anti-shrinkage performance, ash materials and grass-roots structure of the porous mixture of more granular components of volcanic ash is the stability of the grass-roots level with a good mixture of anti-shrinking properties of the main reasons. Ash grass-roots road surface materials to meet the performance requirements of the grass-roots anti-erosion. The scattered lime and ash fineness mixture is an important factor in performance, combined with the expected stability of the volcanic residue and other coarse aggregate should be expected to control the combination of small and scattered in the mixture, and to control mixed The type of material structure, the largest stone size, reduce isolation, and volcanic slag content should be fine for control. In indoor experiments made on the basis of volcanic ash mixture grass-roots, the grass-roots level by the end of the technical indicators of volcanic ash and aggregate mixture of the scope of the composition of the particles can be used to guide ash mixture of grass-roots applications.
Chapter 4 is introduced volcanic ash for cement concrete pavement in applied research, testing residue of crushed volcanic value, the loss in Los Angeles, and other physical wear indicators, to determine their alternative to cement concrete pavement of coarse aggregate to assume the role of skeleton after testing Java volcano substitute different proportion of coarse aggregate after the performance of cement concrete, cement and concrete from an economic point of a comprehensive performance to determine volcanic slag cement concrete alternative to the ratio of coarse aggregate. Note volcanic slag cement concrete pavement replacement of some of the coarse aggregate is feasible to replace the volcanic residue coarse aggregate the best ratio of 80%. In the right content, ash on the ground of cement concrete work, mechanics and durability is indeed a positive role to improve and reduce the amount of cement to reduce the cost, the best content of 15%. In the analysis of silica fume, fly ash ground in the high-performance concrete in the role, mixing of different proportion of fine ash cement concrete work, mechanical properties and durability testing, research on ground ash cement concrete To improve the performance and to determine the optimum blending ratio. Ash for cement concrete pavement in the road to meet the performance requirements, the most obvious meaning is to reduce the construction cost of cement and gravel to address the lack of information on areas of road construction issues, the promotion of regional distribution of volcanic ash transportation and economic development is of great significance.
Chapter 5 is conclusion part. It gives a summary of the work done in this essay and provides suggestions to the possible work which would be needed afterwards.
引文
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[2] Stephanie Kirk, Alan Edwards, Judy Sese. MAKING GOOD USE OF VOLCANIC ASH IN THE PHILIPPINES[J],. Bureau of Research and Standards, Department of Public Works and Highways,Philippines.
[3] N. Siva Siddaiah and Kishor Kumar. Discovery of volcanic ash bed from the basal Subathu Formation. CURRENT SCIENCE[J],, 118 VOL. 92, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2007.
[4] Khandaker M. Anwar Hossain. Performance of Volcanic Ash Based Precast and In Situ Blended Cement Concretes in Marine Environment[J],. J. Mat. in Civ. Engrg, Volume 17, Issue 6, pp. 694-702 (November/December 2005).
[5] K.M.A. Hossain and M. Lachemi. Performance of volcanic ash and pumice based blended cement concrete in mixed sulfate environment[J],. Cement and Concrete Research. Volume 36, Issue 6, June 2006, Pages 1123-1133.
[6]肖争鸣,李坚利.水泥工艺技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2006.
[7]吉林省统计年鉴.吉林省统计局[M].1999.
[8]刘志隆.火山灰混合料在路面工程中的应用[M].1992.
[9]沙庆林.高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面[M].北京:人民交通出版社.1998.
[10]杨福珍黄清友张建栋.火山渣在路基工程中的应用[J].内蒙古公路与运输.2006.4.
[11]陈志国,孙岩,刘忠根,李世杰.寒冷地区聚丙烯加固半刚性基层材料的研究[M].
[12]梁辉如.TLA改性沥青在广韶高速路面处治中的应用[J].中外公路.2005.8.
[13]周丽萍,杨嘉,安娟.TLA改性沥青在沧黄高速公路中的应用研究[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版)2007.4.
[14]段文清.TLA改性沥青配合比设计及路用研究[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版).2006.廖红建.黄土状和火山灰粘性土的动剪强度研究[J].《西安交通大学学报》.1998.10.
[15]沈金安.特立尼达湖改性沥青的性能[J].国外公路.2000.3.
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