基于虚拟仪器的电气参数测试仪
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摘要
电气参数是电力系统自动监视、控制和保护的重要依据，电气参数的准确、快速测量对于实现电网调度自动化、保证电网安全与经济运行具有十分重要的意义。随着电网中非线性、波动性、不平衡负荷比重的增加，电气环境污染日益严重，波形畸变和噪声等因素严重影响电气参数的准确测量；同时，电能质量问题的提出，进一步拓宽了电气参数测量的范围和内涵，对电气参数的测量提出了更高的要求。本课题的研究工作就是在此背景下展开的。
本文基于虚拟仪器和电气参数测试的技术特点，提出基于频谱校正的电气信号测量算法，该算法适用于多种电气参数测量，简化了程序结构，最大限度地发挥了虚拟仪器软件优势。在LabVIEW软件开发平台上对算法的仿真表明，算法具有计算量小，响应速度快，计算结果精确性和稳定性高的特点。
本文对标准电力系统暂态数据交换通用格式(COMTRADE)技术细则进行了研究，在LabVIEW平台上设计了故障录波的分析及再现系统，并将录波文件转换为符合COMTRADE格式标准的文件。
本文将虚拟仪器技术与电气参数测量方法相结合，针对电气参数测试仪的具体性能要求，提出了测试仪硬件、软件设计方案；采用USB数据采集模块，在LabVIEW软件平台上开发了便携式电气参数测试仪。测试仪功能丰富，操作简单，性能价格比高，维护升级方便。测试仪通过了湖南省电力试验研究院的检定，检定结果表明仪器测量精度达到国家相关标准，符合电力系统电气参数的测量要求。
Electric parameter is an important support for the automatic monitoring, control and protection of the power systems. The prompt and accurate measurement of electric parameters is of great significance for realizing the automation of the power network dispatch as well as assuring the safe and economical operation of the power network. The increasingly severe pollution of the electric environment, due to the increase of the proportion of non-linear, fluctuant and unbalanced load in the power system, has caused wave distortion and noise, which may greatly affect the precision of electric parameters' measurement. Meanwhile, the presentation of the power quality problem has further broadened the scope and intension of electric parameters' measurement while improving higher requirements on the measurement of electric parameters. The research of this thesis is carried out under the former background.
This thesis, based on the technical characteristics of virtual instrument and electric parameter testing, puts forward a digital algorithm for the electric signals by DFT spectrum correction. The algorithm is suit for measurement of various electric parameters, and makes the best of the advantages of software by simplifying the procedure's structure. Simulation on the LabVIEW software development platform shows that this algorithm features itself in low calculating volume, quick response, high accuracy and stability in the final results.
This thesis also probes into the detailed technical rules of 'Common Format for Transient Data Exchange for Power Systems' (COMTRADE), and then goes further into the design of a system of analyzing and reproducing the fault wave record. This system may convert the files of wave record into files in accordance with the standard COMTRADE format.
The thesis combines the technology of virtual instrument with the algorithm of measurement of electric parameters and proposes a project plan of the hardware and software for the testing instrument aiming to meet the specific requirements of performance of the electric parameter testing instrument. A portable electric parameter testing instrument, which is multifunctional, easy to handle, convenient to maintain and upgrade and enjoys high performance-price ratio, is also developed on the LabVIEW platform through the application of USB date collection module. This instrument has undergone the inspection by the Hunan Electric Power Experimentation Institute successfully. The result of the inspection proves that the precision of the measurement of the instrument satisfies with the relevant national standards and the measurement requirements of the power systems' electric parameters as well.
本文基于虚拟仪器和电气参数测试的技术特点，提出基于频谱校正的电气信号测量算法，该算法适用于多种电气参数测量，简化了程序结构，最大限度地发挥了虚拟仪器软件优势。在LabVIEW软件开发平台上对算法的仿真表明，算法具有计算量小，响应速度快，计算结果精确性和稳定性高的特点。
本文对标准电力系统暂态数据交换通用格式(COMTRADE)技术细则进行了研究，在LabVIEW平台上设计了故障录波的分析及再现系统，并将录波文件转换为符合COMTRADE格式标准的文件。
本文将虚拟仪器技术与电气参数测量方法相结合，针对电气参数测试仪的具体性能要求，提出了测试仪硬件、软件设计方案；采用USB数据采集模块，在LabVIEW软件平台上开发了便携式电气参数测试仪。测试仪功能丰富，操作简单，性能价格比高，维护升级方便。测试仪通过了湖南省电力试验研究院的检定，检定结果表明仪器测量精度达到国家相关标准，符合电力系统电气参数的测量要求。
Electric parameter is an important support for the automatic monitoring, control and protection of the power systems. The prompt and accurate measurement of electric parameters is of great significance for realizing the automation of the power network dispatch as well as assuring the safe and economical operation of the power network. The increasingly severe pollution of the electric environment, due to the increase of the proportion of non-linear, fluctuant and unbalanced load in the power system, has caused wave distortion and noise, which may greatly affect the precision of electric parameters' measurement. Meanwhile, the presentation of the power quality problem has further broadened the scope and intension of electric parameters' measurement while improving higher requirements on the measurement of electric parameters. The research of this thesis is carried out under the former background.
This thesis, based on the technical characteristics of virtual instrument and electric parameter testing, puts forward a digital algorithm for the electric signals by DFT spectrum correction. The algorithm is suit for measurement of various electric parameters, and makes the best of the advantages of software by simplifying the procedure's structure. Simulation on the LabVIEW software development platform shows that this algorithm features itself in low calculating volume, quick response, high accuracy and stability in the final results.
This thesis also probes into the detailed technical rules of 'Common Format for Transient Data Exchange for Power Systems' (COMTRADE), and then goes further into the design of a system of analyzing and reproducing the fault wave record. This system may convert the files of wave record into files in accordance with the standard COMTRADE format.
The thesis combines the technology of virtual instrument with the algorithm of measurement of electric parameters and proposes a project plan of the hardware and software for the testing instrument aiming to meet the specific requirements of performance of the electric parameter testing instrument. A portable electric parameter testing instrument, which is multifunctional, easy to handle, convenient to maintain and upgrade and enjoys high performance-price ratio, is also developed on the LabVIEW platform through the application of USB date collection module. This instrument has undergone the inspection by the Hunan Electric Power Experimentation Institute successfully. The result of the inspection proves that the precision of the measurement of the instrument satisfies with the relevant national standards and the measurement requirements of the power systems' electric parameters as well.
引文
[1] 周浩敏．信号处理技术基础．北京：北京航空航天出版社，2004，6-53
[2] 许珉，张鸿博．基于Blankman-harris窗的加窗FFT插值修正算法．郑州大学学报(工学版)，2005，26(4)：99-101
[3] G. T. Heydt, K. J. Olejniczak. The Hartly Series and Its Application to Power Quality Assessment. IEEE Trans on Industry Application, 1993, 29(3): 522-526
[4] C.S. Moo et al. A Digital Measurement Scheme for Time-Varying Transient Harmonics. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1995, 10(2): 588-594
[5] H. Guo, G. A. Sitton, C. S. Burrus. The Quick Fourier Transform: An FFT Based on Symmetries. IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, 1998, 46(2): 335-341
[6] 于达仁，张志强，孙林．用于电网谐波分析的自适应整周期采样算法．黑龙江电力技术，1997，19(5)：260-263
[7] 程水英．时频分析理论的思维方式．发明与创新，2004，(11)：13
[8] 贾朱植，董立文，董勃等．Fourier变换和Gabor变换与小波变换的比较研究．鞍山科技大学学报，2005，(1)：12-16
[9] 张朝晖，袁建美，蒋洪明．用于动态测试的信号分析方法．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，26(2)：120-124
[10] S. Santoso, E. J. Powers, W. M. Grady. Power Quality Assessment via Wavelet Transform Analysis. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(2): 924-930
[11] 苏变玲，朱志平，罗维亮．基于小波变换的电力谐波测量方法综述．渭南师范学院学报，2005，20(2)：39-42
[12] Santoso S, Powers E J, Grady W M. Power Quality Disturbance Identification Using Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE ICHQP Ⅶ. Las Vegas (USA), 1996, 615-618
[13] Perunicic B, Mallini M, Wang Z, etc. Power Quality Disturbance Detection and Classification Using Wavelets and Arificial Neural Networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE ICHQP Ⅷ. Athens (Greece), 1998, 77-82
[14] A. M. Gaouda, M. M. A. Salama, M. R. Sultan, A. Y. Chikhani. Power Quality Detection and Classification Using Wavelet-Multiresolution Signal Decomposition. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1999, 14(4): 1469-1476
[15] 陈德树．计算机继电保护原理与技术．北京：中国电力出版社，1998，79-81
[16] A.A. Girgis, M. C. Clapp et al. Measurement and Characterization of Harmonic and High Frequency Distortion for a Large Industrial Load. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1989, 4(3): 427-434
[17] A.A. Girgis et al. A Digital Recusive Measurement Scheme for On-line Tracking of Power System Harmonics. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(3): 1153-1160
[18] H. Ma, A. A. Girgis. Identification and Tracking of Harmonic Sources in A Power System Using A Kalman Filter. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(3): 1659-1665
[19] I. Kamwa et al. Oln-line Tracking of Changing Harmonic in Stressed Power System: Application to Hydro-Quebec Network. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(4): 2020-2027
[20] 王群，吴宁，王兆安．一种基于人工神经网络的谐波测量方法．电网技术，1999，23(1)：29-32
[21] 危韧勇，李志勇．基于人工神经元网络的电力系统谐波测量方法．电网技术，1999，23(12)：19-23
[22] 李威．电能质量监测方法研究：[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2000，1-8
[23] 唐统一，赵伟．电测与仪表技术的回顾与展望．电测与仪表，2000，37(409)：5-9
[24] 章军．多功能电参量测试仪的设计：[西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文]．西安：西安电子科技大学，2004，1
[25] 高云鹏，腾召胜．电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向．仪器仪表用户，2004，11(4)：1-3
[26] 赵文韬，王树民．基于Internet的电能质量监测与分析系统的研制．电力系统自动化，2002，26(6)：69-72
[27] 刘连光，于晗，肖湘宁等．分布式电能质量在线监测系统设计与实现．电力自动化设备，2002，22(1)：46-48
[28] Monteiro M E, Moura E S, Drago A B, et al. An Internet-Based Power Quality Monitoring System. 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2003, 1(1): 333-336
[29] Moussa A E, EI-Gammal M, Abdallah E N, et al. Hardware-Software Structure for on-line Power Quality Assessment: part Ⅰ. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ASME/IEEE Joint Rail Conference, Baltimore, 2004, 147-152
[30] Shun-Yu Chan, Jen-Hao Tenq, Ye-Tu Su. Internet-based virtual power quality recorders. TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2004, C(3)：287-290
[31] 秦树人．虚拟仪器—测试仪器从硬件到软件．振动测试与诊断，2000，20(1)：1-6
[32] 陈隆道，周箭，许昌．虚拟仪器—测试技术的新领域．科技通报，1999，(1)：24-29
[33] 袁芳，江伟．仪器发展的新时代—虚拟仪器．仪器仪表用户，2005，12(3)：113-114
[34] 张凯，周陬，郭栋．虚拟仪器工程设计与开发．北京：国防工业出版社，2004，1-8
[35] 薛新红．虚拟仪器技术的发展现状和前景展望．现代测量与实验室管理，2006，(4)：8-12
[36] 赵会兵．虚拟仪器技术规范与系统集成．北京：清华大学出版社，北方交通大学出版社，2003，1-228
[37] 杨乐平，李海涛，赵勇．LabVIEW高级程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003，131-484
[38] 丁康，张晓飞．频谱校正理论的发展．振动工程学报，2000，13(1)：14-21
[39] 刘凤新，孔繁征．基于改进DFT变换的高精度实时电网频率跟踪算法．电测与仪表，2006，3(491)：6-9
[40] 徐硕，徐习东，刘浏．基于ADSP-2106x的DFT改进算法．继电器，2006，34(19)：26-28，41
[41] 黄纯，江亚群．谐波分析的加窗插值改进算法．中国电机工程学报，2005，25(15)：26-32
[42] 黄纯．基于离散傅立叶变换校正的电参量微机测量新算法及其应用研究．中国电机工程学报，2005，25(7)：86-91
[43] 李钷，刘涤尘．电力故障信息网络发布系统的设计与实现．继电器，2006，34(4)：57-60
[44] 文芸，王和春，叶菁．基于各种型号微机故障录波器的故障分析平台．江西电力，2005，29(4)：21-23
[45] 刘天斌，王永业，柳焕章等．基于COMTRADE格式的故障分析管理系统．继电器，2001，29(11)：47-49
[46] Phadke A G. Chmn Comtrade: A New Standard for Common Format for Transient Data Exchange[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivcry, 1992, 7(4): 1920-1926
[47] IEEE Std C37. 111-1991, IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power Systems. USA: Relay Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, 1999, 1-47
[48] 蔡宇．基于IEEE COMTRADE(1999)的电力系统动态记录分析软件：[华南理工大学硕士学位论文]．广州：华南理工大学，2004，5
[2] 许珉，张鸿博．基于Blankman-harris窗的加窗FFT插值修正算法．郑州大学学报(工学版)，2005，26(4)：99-101
[3] G. T. Heydt, K. J. Olejniczak. The Hartly Series and Its Application to Power Quality Assessment. IEEE Trans on Industry Application, 1993, 29(3): 522-526
[4] C.S. Moo et al. A Digital Measurement Scheme for Time-Varying Transient Harmonics. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1995, 10(2): 588-594
[5] H. Guo, G. A. Sitton, C. S. Burrus. The Quick Fourier Transform: An FFT Based on Symmetries. IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, 1998, 46(2): 335-341
[6] 于达仁，张志强，孙林．用于电网谐波分析的自适应整周期采样算法．黑龙江电力技术，1997，19(5)：260-263
[7] 程水英．时频分析理论的思维方式．发明与创新，2004，(11)：13
[8] 贾朱植，董立文，董勃等．Fourier变换和Gabor变换与小波变换的比较研究．鞍山科技大学学报，2005，(1)：12-16
[9] 张朝晖，袁建美，蒋洪明．用于动态测试的信号分析方法．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，26(2)：120-124
[10] S. Santoso, E. J. Powers, W. M. Grady. Power Quality Assessment via Wavelet Transform Analysis. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(2): 924-930
[11] 苏变玲，朱志平，罗维亮．基于小波变换的电力谐波测量方法综述．渭南师范学院学报，2005，20(2)：39-42
[12] Santoso S, Powers E J, Grady W M. Power Quality Disturbance Identification Using Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE ICHQP Ⅶ. Las Vegas (USA), 1996, 615-618
[13] Perunicic B, Mallini M, Wang Z, etc. Power Quality Disturbance Detection and Classification Using Wavelets and Arificial Neural Networks. In: Proceeding of IEEE ICHQP Ⅷ. Athens (Greece), 1998, 77-82
[14] A. M. Gaouda, M. M. A. Salama, M. R. Sultan, A. Y. Chikhani. Power Quality Detection and Classification Using Wavelet-Multiresolution Signal Decomposition. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1999, 14(4): 1469-1476
[15] 陈德树．计算机继电保护原理与技术．北京：中国电力出版社，1998，79-81
[16] A.A. Girgis, M. C. Clapp et al. Measurement and Characterization of Harmonic and High Frequency Distortion for a Large Industrial Load. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1989, 4(3): 427-434
[17] A.A. Girgis et al. A Digital Recusive Measurement Scheme for On-line Tracking of Power System Harmonics. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(3): 1153-1160
[18] H. Ma, A. A. Girgis. Identification and Tracking of Harmonic Sources in A Power System Using A Kalman Filter. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(3): 1659-1665
[19] I. Kamwa et al. Oln-line Tracking of Changing Harmonic in Stressed Power System: Application to Hydro-Quebec Network. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(4): 2020-2027
[20] 王群，吴宁，王兆安．一种基于人工神经网络的谐波测量方法．电网技术，1999，23(1)：29-32
[21] 危韧勇，李志勇．基于人工神经元网络的电力系统谐波测量方法．电网技术，1999，23(12)：19-23
[22] 李威．电能质量监测方法研究：[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2000，1-8
[23] 唐统一，赵伟．电测与仪表技术的回顾与展望．电测与仪表，2000，37(409)：5-9
[24] 章军．多功能电参量测试仪的设计：[西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文]．西安：西安电子科技大学，2004，1
[25] 高云鹏，腾召胜．电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向．仪器仪表用户，2004，11(4)：1-3
[26] 赵文韬，王树民．基于Internet的电能质量监测与分析系统的研制．电力系统自动化，2002，26(6)：69-72
[27] 刘连光，于晗，肖湘宁等．分布式电能质量在线监测系统设计与实现．电力自动化设备，2002，22(1)：46-48
[28] Monteiro M E, Moura E S, Drago A B, et al. An Internet-Based Power Quality Monitoring System. 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2003, 1(1): 333-336
[29] Moussa A E, EI-Gammal M, Abdallah E N, et al. Hardware-Software Structure for on-line Power Quality Assessment: part Ⅰ. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ASME/IEEE Joint Rail Conference, Baltimore, 2004, 147-152
[30] Shun-Yu Chan, Jen-Hao Tenq, Ye-Tu Su. Internet-based virtual power quality recorders. TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2004, C(3)：287-290
[31] 秦树人．虚拟仪器—测试仪器从硬件到软件．振动测试与诊断，2000，20(1)：1-6
[32] 陈隆道，周箭，许昌．虚拟仪器—测试技术的新领域．科技通报，1999，(1)：24-29
[33] 袁芳，江伟．仪器发展的新时代—虚拟仪器．仪器仪表用户，2005，12(3)：113-114
[34] 张凯，周陬，郭栋．虚拟仪器工程设计与开发．北京：国防工业出版社，2004，1-8
[35] 薛新红．虚拟仪器技术的发展现状和前景展望．现代测量与实验室管理，2006，(4)：8-12
[36] 赵会兵．虚拟仪器技术规范与系统集成．北京：清华大学出版社，北方交通大学出版社，2003，1-228
[37] 杨乐平，李海涛，赵勇．LabVIEW高级程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003，131-484
[38] 丁康，张晓飞．频谱校正理论的发展．振动工程学报，2000，13(1)：14-21
[39] 刘凤新，孔繁征．基于改进DFT变换的高精度实时电网频率跟踪算法．电测与仪表，2006，3(491)：6-9
[40] 徐硕，徐习东，刘浏．基于ADSP-2106x的DFT改进算法．继电器，2006，34(19)：26-28，41
[41] 黄纯，江亚群．谐波分析的加窗插值改进算法．中国电机工程学报，2005，25(15)：26-32
[42] 黄纯．基于离散傅立叶变换校正的电参量微机测量新算法及其应用研究．中国电机工程学报，2005，25(7)：86-91
[43] 李钷，刘涤尘．电力故障信息网络发布系统的设计与实现．继电器，2006，34(4)：57-60
[44] 文芸，王和春，叶菁．基于各种型号微机故障录波器的故障分析平台．江西电力，2005，29(4)：21-23
[45] 刘天斌，王永业，柳焕章等．基于COMTRADE格式的故障分析管理系统．继电器，2001，29(11)：47-49
[46] Phadke A G. Chmn Comtrade: A New Standard for Common Format for Transient Data Exchange[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivcry, 1992, 7(4): 1920-1926
[47] IEEE Std C37. 111-1991, IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power Systems. USA: Relay Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, 1999, 1-47
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