基于CAN总线的楼宇自动化系统设计
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的发展，计算机技术、通信技术、音像技术的广泛应用，智能建筑IB(Intelligent Building)得以高速发展，其中楼宇自动化系统BAS(Building Automation System)是实现上述目标的关键。现场总线控制系统FCS(Fieldbus Control System)突破了DCS系统中通信由专用网络的封闭系统来实现所造成的缺陷，把基于封闭、专用的解决方案变成了基于公开化、标准化的解决方案，实现综合自动化的各种功能，具有广泛的应用前景。
本文密切结合实际科研项目进行研究，针对某政府办公大楼楼宇自动化的需求进行开发与设计，提出并构建了一种基于CAN总线的楼宇自动化系统。论文首先介绍了智能建筑和楼宇自动化系统的概念及发展状况；通过对基金会现场总线(FF)、过程现场总线(PROFIBUS)、局部操作网络(LONWORKS)、可寻址远程传感数据通路(HART)和控制局域网络(CAN)这几种现场总线进行的详细分析与比较，最终决定采用CAN总线作为楼宇自动化控制系统中的通讯总线；在研究了CAN技术规范、CAN控制器SJA1000和总线驱动器82C250的功能和工作原理的基础上，设计了基于CAN总线的现场总线控制系统，给出了温度测控和停电报警智能节点的全部硬件设计电路；提供了节点控制器的主要程序流程图，为提高数据采集精度，采用了中值滤波算法以消除干扰的影响；针对本楼宇自动化系统对通信网络的传输的实时性要求，研究并构建了两种改善CAN网络实时性性能的方法，即动态时分复用和优先级晋升的信息调度方法；考虑到本系统中具有为数众多的温度测控节点，本文最后对其温度控制算法进行了基于MATLAB的计算机仿真实验，验证了实时控制算法的可行性。
With the rapid development of national economy and the broad application of computer technology, communication technology, audio&video technology, the intelligent building has been developed with high speed, in which the building automation system is the key factor to realize the target stated above. The Fieldbus control system can handle the problem caused by the closed system with specific network communication in the distributed control system, which has realized the multi-function of integrative automation with converting the closed and specific based solving scheme to the open and standardited one. CAN bus has a broad application foreground.
The research is finished with the help of the scientific research item in the paper according to the government office block in Shandong province, the CAN bus based on the building automation system is designed. The concepts and development of the intelligent building and the building automation system are introduced firstly, and the CAN bus is regarded as the communication bus in the control system through comparing of the following buses: fieldbus foundation(FF), process fieldbus(PROFIBUS), local operating networks(LONWORKS), highway addressable remote transducer(HART) and control area network(CAN). After researching on CAN bus technology criterion, the function and operating principle of CAN bus control SJA1000 and the bus dirver 82C250, the CAN bus based fieldbus control system is designed, the whole hardware circuit designs of temperature test control and power-cut alarm intelligent nodes are presented and the main program flow charts of the control nodes are proposed. The median filtering algorithm is proposed to improve the data acquisition precision. The method of time division multiplexing and the information scheduling scheme of PIR promoting are presented to improve the real-time character of the CAN bus system. The simulation experiment is done to verify the temperature control algorithm in MATLAB for there are so many temperature control nodes, the result show that the algorithm is feasible.
本文密切结合实际科研项目进行研究，针对某政府办公大楼楼宇自动化的需求进行开发与设计，提出并构建了一种基于CAN总线的楼宇自动化系统。论文首先介绍了智能建筑和楼宇自动化系统的概念及发展状况；通过对基金会现场总线(FF)、过程现场总线(PROFIBUS)、局部操作网络(LONWORKS)、可寻址远程传感数据通路(HART)和控制局域网络(CAN)这几种现场总线进行的详细分析与比较，最终决定采用CAN总线作为楼宇自动化控制系统中的通讯总线；在研究了CAN技术规范、CAN控制器SJA1000和总线驱动器82C250的功能和工作原理的基础上，设计了基于CAN总线的现场总线控制系统，给出了温度测控和停电报警智能节点的全部硬件设计电路；提供了节点控制器的主要程序流程图，为提高数据采集精度，采用了中值滤波算法以消除干扰的影响；针对本楼宇自动化系统对通信网络的传输的实时性要求，研究并构建了两种改善CAN网络实时性性能的方法，即动态时分复用和优先级晋升的信息调度方法；考虑到本系统中具有为数众多的温度测控节点，本文最后对其温度控制算法进行了基于MATLAB的计算机仿真实验，验证了实时控制算法的可行性。
With the rapid development of national economy and the broad application of computer technology, communication technology, audio&video technology, the intelligent building has been developed with high speed, in which the building automation system is the key factor to realize the target stated above. The Fieldbus control system can handle the problem caused by the closed system with specific network communication in the distributed control system, which has realized the multi-function of integrative automation with converting the closed and specific based solving scheme to the open and standardited one. CAN bus has a broad application foreground.
The research is finished with the help of the scientific research item in the paper according to the government office block in Shandong province, the CAN bus based on the building automation system is designed. The concepts and development of the intelligent building and the building automation system are introduced firstly, and the CAN bus is regarded as the communication bus in the control system through comparing of the following buses: fieldbus foundation(FF), process fieldbus(PROFIBUS), local operating networks(LONWORKS), highway addressable remote transducer(HART) and control area network(CAN). After researching on CAN bus technology criterion, the function and operating principle of CAN bus control SJA1000 and the bus dirver 82C250, the CAN bus based fieldbus control system is designed, the whole hardware circuit designs of temperature test control and power-cut alarm intelligent nodes are presented and the main program flow charts of the control nodes are proposed. The median filtering algorithm is proposed to improve the data acquisition precision. The method of time division multiplexing and the information scheduling scheme of PIR promoting are presented to improve the real-time character of the CAN bus system. The simulation experiment is done to verify the temperature control algorithm in MATLAB for there are so many temperature control nodes, the result show that the algorithm is feasible.
引文
[1]Zaiping Chen, Xiaowei Yao, Xunlei Yin. Research of schemes on integration of fieldbus system. Industrial Electronics Society,2005. IECON 2005.32nd Annual Conference of IEEE 6-10 Nov.2005 Page(s):5pp
[2]Sharples S, Callaghan V, Clarke G. The application of intelligent building techniques to care service provision. Intelligent Methods in Healthcare and Medical Applications (Digest No. 1998/514), IEE Colloquium on 20 Oct. 1998 Page(s):11/1-11/3
[3]Williams M. Intelligent building environments. Intelligent Building Environment, 2005. The IEE Seminar on 28 June 2005 Page(s):155-166
[4]Wong A.C.W, So A.T.P. Building automation in the 21st century. Advances in Power System Control, operation and Management, 1997 Page(s):819-824
[5]Diedrich C, Simon R, Riedl R. Engineering of distributed control system. Industry Electronics, 2000. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium, 2000(2):661-665
[6]李中华．基于CAN总线的分布式温度模块设计．现代电子技术，2004，17：96-101
[7]Brandao D, Pinotti M. Projecting and integrating filedbus foundation function blocks. Sensor for Industry,2001. Proceeding of the First ISA/IEEE Conference 5-7 Nov.2001 Page(s):131-133
[8]Alonso J.M, Ribas J, Coz J.J.D. Development of a distributive control scheme for fluorescent lighting based on Lonworks technology. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions, 2000,47(6): 1253-1262
[9]Snoonian D. Smart buildings. Spectrum, IEEE 2003,40(8): 18-23
[10]Kastner W.,Neugschwandtner G, Soucek S. Communication systems for building automation and control. Proceeding of the IEEE.2005, 93(6): 1178-1203
[11]Zhiyuan Shao, Hai jin, Bin chen. HARTs:high availability cluster architecture with redundant TCP stacks. Performance, Computing, and Communication Conference, 2003.Conference Proceeding of the 2003 IEEE international 9-11 April 2003 Page(s):253-260
[12]Shin K.G. HARTS: a distributed real-time architecture. Computer. 1991, 24 (5): 25-35
[13]关新，方博，徐宇等．CAN总线火灾报警控制系统．控制工程，2004，11(S_1)： 140-142
[14]颜春兰，周敬泉．CAN总线式安防报警系统的设计．电气时代，2002，(6)：48-50
[15]姚健欣，王殊．CAN总线应用在火灾报警系统中的性能分析．微计算机信息，2001，17(1)：44-46
[16]武小红，成立，秦云．基于CAN总线的分布式安全报警系统．中国安全科学学报，2005，15(1)：79-82
[17]张金宏，沈天健，朱世明等．基于CAN总线的分布式火灾报警控制系统．微计算机信息，2000，16(6)：26-27
[18]李权威，秦俊．基于CAN总线的分布式智能火灾监控系统的设计与实现．消防设备研究，2006，25(1)：70-72
[19]李红莉，胡生清，杨伟．基于CAN总线的火灾报警(联动)网络系统设计．中国仪器仪表，2005，(1)：48-50
[20]周宏兴，刘瑞敏，薛洁．基于CAN总线技术的智能火灾自动报警系统[J]．自然灾害学报，2002，11(2)：144-148
[21]缪燕子，马勇，倪玲．基于CAN总线的楼宇火灾监控系统．工矿自动化，2005，(6)：80-82
[22]刘辉．于CAN总线的智能火灾报警系统的设计与实现．2001，(5)：59—60
[23]刘辉，姚胜兴．基于CAN总线技术的楼宇自动化安全监控系统．自动化与仪器仪表，2001，(4)：12-15 提高了系统内部的通信速率、实时性；降低了误码传送率，更好的保证了智能建筑的安全性
[24]韩光，涂时亮．基于CAN总线结构的安全防盗监控系统设计[J]．电子技术，1997，8：42-44
[25]李波，姜兴刚，黄新平．CAN总线在电力远程抄表系统中的应用[J]．微计算机信息，1999，15(4)：31-32
[26]忻龙彪，武斌．基于CAN总线的电力抄表系统设计[J]．仪表技术与传感器，2005，10：59-60
[27]孙炳阳．基于CAN总线的居民小区自动抄表系统[J]．计算机工程，2003，29(12)：159-161 介绍了一种基于CAN总线的小区电表集中抄收系统方案，该系统易于安装连接和维护，具有灵活的功能扩展能力，可以无缝连接小区其它智能化装置。
[28]李建宇，夏继强．基于CAN总线的远程抄表系统设计[J]．河南教育学院学报(自然科学版)，2005，14(1)：39-41
[29]靳建军，朱德友．基于CAN总线的智能水表自动抄收系统．福建电脑，2003，(1)： 34-35
[30]刘家良，聂海，陈昌臣．基于CAN总线的智能小区自动抄表系统．武汉理工大学学报，2002，24(1)：34-36
[31]过幼南，郭永嘉．基于CAN总线的自动抄表系统．自动化仪表，2002，23(11)：33-36
[32]李中华．基于CAN总线的分布式温度测控模块设计．现代电子技术，2004，(17)：96-98
[33]彭军，陈文芗．基于CAN总线的分布式温度测控系统．中国仪器仪表，2005，10：104-106
[34]李小建，孙红辉，张振仁．基于CAN总线的温度、压力控制系统．仪器仪表与传感器，2002，10：38—40
[35]叶露林，吴秋芹．基于CAN总线的温度测控系统．电子科技，2005，(8)：43—46
[36]吴光彬，胡云安．基于CAN总线局域网的通用多点测温系统．自动化与仪表，1999，14(5)：27-29
[37]舒振宇，马庆，吴让大等．CAN总线系统智能测温节点的设计与实现．激光与光电子学进展，2004，41(9)：49-52
[38]李继锋，付强．基于CAN总线的分布式温度检测网络设计．微计算机信息，1999，15(6)：6-8
[39]王红蕾．基于CAN总线技术的温度控制系统．现代机械，2002，(3)：16—18
[40]宗群，王宇波，李爱国．CAN总线在电梯远程监控系统中的应用．制造业自动化，2004，26(7)：48-51
[41]孙兴进，曹光益，朱新坚．基于CAN总线的电梯控制系统．自动化仪表，2002，23(2)：50-53
[42]林勇．CAN总线在中央空调控制系统中的应用．电子技术应用，200l，7：33—34
[43]Hasnaoui S, Kallel O, Kbaier R. An improvementation of a proposed modification of CAN protocol on CAN fieldbus controller component for supporting a dynamic priority policy. Industry Applications Conference,2003.38th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the Volume 1, 12-16 Oct. 2003 Page(s):23-31 vol.1
[44]Hasnaoui S, Bouallegue A. A proposal modification of CAN protocol to support a dynamic priority being able to implement on CAN fieldbus controller components. Industry Applications Conference,2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE. Volume 2,8-12 Oct. 2000 Page(s): 1129-1136 vol.2
[45]饶运涛，邹继军，郑勇芸等．现场总线CAN原理与应用技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．
[46]鲍官军，计时鸣，张利等．CAN总线技术、系统实现及发展趋势．浙江工业大学学报，2003，31(1)：58-62
[47]姚胜兴．Lonworks现场总线技术在楼宇自动化系统中的应用研究．湖南大学工程硕士学位论文
[2]Sharples S, Callaghan V, Clarke G. The application of intelligent building techniques to care service provision. Intelligent Methods in Healthcare and Medical Applications (Digest No. 1998/514), IEE Colloquium on 20 Oct. 1998 Page(s):11/1-11/3
[3]Williams M. Intelligent building environments. Intelligent Building Environment, 2005. The IEE Seminar on 28 June 2005 Page(s):155-166
[4]Wong A.C.W, So A.T.P. Building automation in the 21st century. Advances in Power System Control, operation and Management, 1997 Page(s):819-824
[5]Diedrich C, Simon R, Riedl R. Engineering of distributed control system. Industry Electronics, 2000. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium, 2000(2):661-665
[6]李中华．基于CAN总线的分布式温度模块设计．现代电子技术，2004，17：96-101
[7]Brandao D, Pinotti M. Projecting and integrating filedbus foundation function blocks. Sensor for Industry,2001. Proceeding of the First ISA/IEEE Conference 5-7 Nov.2001 Page(s):131-133
[8]Alonso J.M, Ribas J, Coz J.J.D. Development of a distributive control scheme for fluorescent lighting based on Lonworks technology. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions, 2000,47(6): 1253-1262
[9]Snoonian D. Smart buildings. Spectrum, IEEE 2003,40(8): 18-23
[10]Kastner W.,Neugschwandtner G, Soucek S. Communication systems for building automation and control. Proceeding of the IEEE.2005, 93(6): 1178-1203
[11]Zhiyuan Shao, Hai jin, Bin chen. HARTs:high availability cluster architecture with redundant TCP stacks. Performance, Computing, and Communication Conference, 2003.Conference Proceeding of the 2003 IEEE international 9-11 April 2003 Page(s):253-260
[12]Shin K.G. HARTS: a distributed real-time architecture. Computer. 1991, 24 (5): 25-35
[13]关新，方博，徐宇等．CAN总线火灾报警控制系统．控制工程，2004，11(S_1)： 140-142
[14]颜春兰，周敬泉．CAN总线式安防报警系统的设计．电气时代，2002，(6)：48-50
[15]姚健欣，王殊．CAN总线应用在火灾报警系统中的性能分析．微计算机信息，2001，17(1)：44-46
[16]武小红，成立，秦云．基于CAN总线的分布式安全报警系统．中国安全科学学报，2005，15(1)：79-82
[17]张金宏，沈天健，朱世明等．基于CAN总线的分布式火灾报警控制系统．微计算机信息，2000，16(6)：26-27
[18]李权威，秦俊．基于CAN总线的分布式智能火灾监控系统的设计与实现．消防设备研究，2006，25(1)：70-72
[19]李红莉，胡生清，杨伟．基于CAN总线的火灾报警(联动)网络系统设计．中国仪器仪表，2005，(1)：48-50
[20]周宏兴，刘瑞敏，薛洁．基于CAN总线技术的智能火灾自动报警系统[J]．自然灾害学报，2002，11(2)：144-148
[21]缪燕子，马勇，倪玲．基于CAN总线的楼宇火灾监控系统．工矿自动化，2005，(6)：80-82
[22]刘辉．于CAN总线的智能火灾报警系统的设计与实现．2001，(5)：59—60
[23]刘辉，姚胜兴．基于CAN总线技术的楼宇自动化安全监控系统．自动化与仪器仪表，2001，(4)：12-15 提高了系统内部的通信速率、实时性；降低了误码传送率，更好的保证了智能建筑的安全性
[24]韩光，涂时亮．基于CAN总线结构的安全防盗监控系统设计[J]．电子技术，1997，8：42-44
[25]李波，姜兴刚，黄新平．CAN总线在电力远程抄表系统中的应用[J]．微计算机信息，1999，15(4)：31-32
[26]忻龙彪，武斌．基于CAN总线的电力抄表系统设计[J]．仪表技术与传感器，2005，10：59-60
[27]孙炳阳．基于CAN总线的居民小区自动抄表系统[J]．计算机工程，2003，29(12)：159-161 介绍了一种基于CAN总线的小区电表集中抄收系统方案，该系统易于安装连接和维护，具有灵活的功能扩展能力，可以无缝连接小区其它智能化装置。
[28]李建宇，夏继强．基于CAN总线的远程抄表系统设计[J]．河南教育学院学报(自然科学版)，2005，14(1)：39-41
[29]靳建军，朱德友．基于CAN总线的智能水表自动抄收系统．福建电脑，2003，(1)： 34-35
[30]刘家良，聂海，陈昌臣．基于CAN总线的智能小区自动抄表系统．武汉理工大学学报，2002，24(1)：34-36
[31]过幼南，郭永嘉．基于CAN总线的自动抄表系统．自动化仪表，2002，23(11)：33-36
[32]李中华．基于CAN总线的分布式温度测控模块设计．现代电子技术，2004，(17)：96-98
[33]彭军，陈文芗．基于CAN总线的分布式温度测控系统．中国仪器仪表，2005，10：104-106
[34]李小建，孙红辉，张振仁．基于CAN总线的温度、压力控制系统．仪器仪表与传感器，2002，10：38—40
[35]叶露林，吴秋芹．基于CAN总线的温度测控系统．电子科技，2005，(8)：43—46
[36]吴光彬，胡云安．基于CAN总线局域网的通用多点测温系统．自动化与仪表，1999，14(5)：27-29
[37]舒振宇，马庆，吴让大等．CAN总线系统智能测温节点的设计与实现．激光与光电子学进展，2004，41(9)：49-52
[38]李继锋，付强．基于CAN总线的分布式温度检测网络设计．微计算机信息，1999，15(6)：6-8
[39]王红蕾．基于CAN总线技术的温度控制系统．现代机械，2002，(3)：16—18
[40]宗群，王宇波，李爱国．CAN总线在电梯远程监控系统中的应用．制造业自动化，2004，26(7)：48-51
[41]孙兴进，曹光益，朱新坚．基于CAN总线的电梯控制系统．自动化仪表，2002，23(2)：50-53
[42]林勇．CAN总线在中央空调控制系统中的应用．电子技术应用，200l，7：33—34
[43]Hasnaoui S, Kallel O, Kbaier R. An improvementation of a proposed modification of CAN protocol on CAN fieldbus controller component for supporting a dynamic priority policy. Industry Applications Conference,2003.38th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the Volume 1, 12-16 Oct. 2003 Page(s):23-31 vol.1
[44]Hasnaoui S, Bouallegue A. A proposal modification of CAN protocol to support a dynamic priority being able to implement on CAN fieldbus controller components. Industry Applications Conference,2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE. Volume 2,8-12 Oct. 2000 Page(s): 1129-1136 vol.2
[45]饶运涛，邹继军，郑勇芸等．现场总线CAN原理与应用技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．
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