嵌入式软件的构件化模型的研究
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摘要
构件技术已经广泛的应用于软件开发过程中,并且大大的提高了软件开发效率,但是在嵌入式领域,构件技术应用的还比较少。将构件技术应用于嵌入式系统中,对于嵌入式软件的开发具有重要的现实意义,采用构件技术可以提高模块的重用性,提高嵌入式软件开发的效率,降低开发难度和成本。
本文分析了现有通用构件技术和嵌入式构件技术,并在此基础上,结合星载系统,研究了构件技术在星载软件中的应用。针对星载系统资源有限、可靠要求高、高实时的特点,在总结了现有构件模型特点的基础上提出了一种适用于星载系统的软件模型SECSM(SatelliteEmbeddedComponent-basedSoftwareModel)。本文详细描述了SECSM的组成、特点。相对传统的设计方法而言,本文所采用的基于构件的星载软件提高了星载软件的可靠性,使星载系统易实现、易升级、易移植,具有较强的适应性和可重构性。
SECSM模型用构件实现PUS服务,这使SECSM的应用范围更广泛。本文还对软件模型的容错性进行了研究,SECSM提供了四种基本容错方案,并且支持自定义容错策略。
此外,为了增强星载软件的灵活性、适应性,本文提出了星载软件动态更新技术,能够实现对系统的动态更新,并能传递更新前后系统的状态,从而实现不停机的动态更新。
最后,本文给出了SECSM的一个应用案例,验证了SECSM的可行性。
Software component technology is widely used in the software development, and itmakes the software development more efficient than ever. But the technology is seldomused in embedded software. Using component in embedded system has importantpractical significance to embedded software development. It can improve the modulereusability, the efficiency of software development, and decrease the difficulty and costsof development.
At first, the paper analyzes the existing common component technology andembedded component technology, and then on this basis, and in conjunction withon-board system, studies the software component technology in the on-board software.The thesis researches on software reuse, component and dynamic update in satellitefield. According to the high reliable and real-time features of on board system, the papergives a Satellite Embedded Component-based Software Model (SECSM).The paperdescribes the composition and characters of SECSM. Compared with the traditionaldesign methodology, the hierarchical architecture of the thesis raises the level ofreliability of the on-board software, and make it easy to implement onboard systems,easy to update and easy to transplant, and makes the system more adaptive and on-boardreconfigurable.
SECSM realizes PUS services by component, and this makes SECSM be usedmore widely. The paper also studies the fault tolerance of SECSM, and SECSMprovides four basic fault tolerant strategies and customized fault tolerant approach.
Furthermore, in order to increase the flexibility and adaptability of satellitesoftware, the thesis presents a dynamic updating technology, which can transfer thestate of prior-update and after-update, thus it can update the on-board software withoutstopping the system.
Finally, this paper presents a case study of SECSM to test the feasibility ofSECSM.
本文分析了现有通用构件技术和嵌入式构件技术,并在此基础上,结合星载系统,研究了构件技术在星载软件中的应用。针对星载系统资源有限、可靠要求高、高实时的特点,在总结了现有构件模型特点的基础上提出了一种适用于星载系统的软件模型SECSM(SatelliteEmbeddedComponent-basedSoftwareModel)。本文详细描述了SECSM的组成、特点。相对传统的设计方法而言,本文所采用的基于构件的星载软件提高了星载软件的可靠性,使星载系统易实现、易升级、易移植,具有较强的适应性和可重构性。
SECSM模型用构件实现PUS服务,这使SECSM的应用范围更广泛。本文还对软件模型的容错性进行了研究,SECSM提供了四种基本容错方案,并且支持自定义容错策略。
此外,为了增强星载软件的灵活性、适应性,本文提出了星载软件动态更新技术,能够实现对系统的动态更新,并能传递更新前后系统的状态,从而实现不停机的动态更新。
最后,本文给出了SECSM的一个应用案例,验证了SECSM的可行性。
Software component technology is widely used in the software development, and itmakes the software development more efficient than ever. But the technology is seldomused in embedded software. Using component in embedded system has importantpractical significance to embedded software development. It can improve the modulereusability, the efficiency of software development, and decrease the difficulty and costsof development.
At first, the paper analyzes the existing common component technology andembedded component technology, and then on this basis, and in conjunction withon-board system, studies the software component technology in the on-board software.The thesis researches on software reuse, component and dynamic update in satellitefield. According to the high reliable and real-time features of on board system, the papergives a Satellite Embedded Component-based Software Model (SECSM).The paperdescribes the composition and characters of SECSM. Compared with the traditionaldesign methodology, the hierarchical architecture of the thesis raises the level ofreliability of the on-board software, and make it easy to implement onboard systems,easy to update and easy to transplant, and makes the system more adaptive and on-boardreconfigurable.
SECSM realizes PUS services by component, and this makes SECSM be usedmore widely. The paper also studies the fault tolerance of SECSM, and SECSMprovides four basic fault tolerant strategies and customized fault tolerant approach.
Furthermore, in order to increase the flexibility and adaptability of satellitesoftware, the thesis presents a dynamic updating technology, which can transfer thestate of prior-update and after-update, thus it can update the on-board software withoutstopping the system.
Finally, this paper presents a case study of SECSM to test the feasibility ofSECSM.
引文
[1] Satyanarayanan M, Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges, PersonalCommunications, IEEE, Aug. 2001, Vol.8, No.4:10 -117
[2] ESA Packet Utilization Standard. ESA PSS-07-101. Issue 1,May 1994
[3] Telemetry and Telecommand Packet Utilization Standard, ECSS-E-70-41A,January 2003
[4] McIlroy.M.D, Mass-produced software components, Proc. NATO Conf.on Software Engineering, Garmisch, 1968, Germany: Springer-Verlag
[5] 7th Annual workshop on Software Reuse, Summary and Working GroupReports, ACM Software engineering Notes,Vol.21,No1.Jan.1996
[6] 钟锡昌，张倪等，嵌入式软件与Hopen 系统，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004：8-11
[7] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, 设计模式：可重用而向对象软的基础，北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[8] 中科永联高级技术培训中心， 框架， http://www.itisedu.com /phrase/200603061723295.html
[9] 马亮，孙艳春。软件构件概念的变迁。计算机科学，April 2002, VOL29 (4):28-30
[10]NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency. NATO Standardfor Management of a Reusable. Software Component Library, 1991
[11]6th International Workshop on Component-Oriented Programming.http://ecoop2001.inf.elte.hu/workshop/WCOP-ws.html
[12]Szyperski C, Component Software, Addison-Wesley, 1998
[13]Bachman, et al. Technical Concepts of Component-Based SoftwareEngineering: [CMU/SEI 2000-TR-008]. 2000/5
[14]Don Box，潘爱民译， COM 本质论，北京：中国电力出版社，2001
[15]刘雪艳，张贵仓。嵌入式软件组件技术研究, 硕士学位论文，兰州：西北师范大学，2003
[16]David B. Stewart, Richard A. Volpe, and Pradeep K.Khosla. Design ofdynamically reconfigurable real-time software using port-based objects. IEEETrans. Software Eng., 1997, 23(12): 759-776
[17]M.Winter, T.Genber, A.Christoph, O.Nierstrasz, S.Ducasse, R.Wuyts,G.Arevalo, P.Miiller, C.Stich, and B. Schohage. Components for embeddedsoftware-The PECOS approach, In Proc. Second International Workshop onComposition Languages, 2002
[18]David Urting, Yolande Berbers, Stefan Van Baelen, Tom Holvoet, YvesVandewoude, Peter Rigole. A tool for component based design of embeddedsoftware, Proceedings of the Fortieth International Confernece on ToolsPacific: Objects for Internet, mobile and embedded applications-Volume 10,February 2002
[19]Rob van Ommering, Frank van der Linden, Jeff Kramer, and Jeff Magee. Thekoala component model for consumer electronics software, IEEE Computer,2000
[20]D. Isovic, C. Norstrom. Components in real-time system. In Proc. RTCSA2002, 8th International Conference on Real Time Computing Systems andApplications, 2002
[21]李克勤，陈兆良，梅宏，杨芙清， 领域工程概述， 计算机科学，1999，26(5): 21-25
[22]杨芙清，王千祥，梅宏，陈兆良，基于重用的软件生产技术,中国科学(E辑)，Aug 2001，Vol. 31,No. 4:363-371
[23]James Petro, Michael E. Fotta, David B. Weisman, “Model-Base ReuseRepository - Concepts and Experience”, Proc. Seventh International Workshopon CASE, July 10-14, 1995, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Edited by Hausi A.Muller & Ronald J. Norman, pp. 60-69, IEEE Computer Society Press, LosAlamitos, California, USA
[24]Guillermo Arango, Ruben Prieto-Diaz, “Domain Analysis Concepts andResearch Directions”, in Domain Analysis and Software System Modeling, R.Prieto-Diaz and G. Arango, eds., IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos,California, 1991
[25]Cramer, W. Fey, M. Goedicke, and M. Grode-Rhode, Towards a formallybased component description language - a foundation for reuse, StructuredProgramming, 12:91-110, 1991
[26]Robert J. Gautier, Huw E. Oliver, Mark Ratcliffe, and Benjamin R. Whittle,CDL-A Component Description Language for Reuse, International Journal ofSoftware Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 499-518,1993
[27]W. Tracz. LILEANNA: a Parameterized Programming Language, Proceedingsof the Second International Workshop on Software Reuse, p.66-78, Lucca,Italy, March 24-26, 1993. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1993
[28]R. Prieto-Diaz and W. B. Frakes. Object Oriented Module InterconnectionLanguages, in Advances in Software Reuse, Selected Papers from the SecondInternational Workshop on Software Reusability, eds. Pat Hall and RayWeedon, pp. 29-38, Lucca, Italy, March 24-26, 1993
[29]A. Avizienis, The N-Version Approach to Fault-Tolerant Software, IEEETranstraction on Software Engineering, SE-11:1491-1501, Dec 1985
[30]邵贝贝、许庆丰等，什么是嵌入式实时操作系统，单片机与嵌入式系统应用2001 年第7 期，P72-76
[31]David Vrting. Yolande Berkers. Stefan Van Baelen. Tom Holvoet. YvesVandewoude and Peter Rigole; A Tool for Component Based Design ofEmbedded Software. 2002. Australian Computer Society. Inc
[32]Michi Henning, Steve Vinoski, 基于C++ CORBA 高级编程。北京:清华大学出版社，2000
[33]M. Dmitriev. Towards Flexible and Safe Technology for Runtime Evolution ofJava Language Applications. In Workshop on 24 Engineering ComplexObject-Oriented Systems for Evolution, Proceedings (at OOPSLA 2001), 2001
[34]古幼鹏，桑楠，熊光泽，覃志东. 一种基于构件的嵌入式实时软件框架，计算机科学，2004 Vol.31 No.12
[35]J. Kramer and J. Magee. The evolving philosophers' problem: dynamic changemanagement. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 16(11) ， pp.1293-1306, November 1990
[36]Warren and I. Sommerville. A model for dynamic configuration whichpreserves application integrity. In 3rd International Conference onConfigurable Distributed Systems, pages 81-88. University of MarylandInstitute for Advanced Computer Studies, IEEE, May 1996
[37]T. Murata. Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications. Proc. IEEE, 1989,77(4): 541~580
[38]TASI J J P,YANG S J．Timing constraint Petri nets and their application toschedulability analysis of real-time system specfications．IEEE Trans SoftwareEngineering, 1995, 21(1): 32-49
[39]R. Barreto, et al. A modeling methodology and pre-run-time scheduling forembedded real-time software.The 15th Symposium on Com puter Architectureand High Performance Co m puting ,Sao Paulo,Brazil,2003
[40]Meyer, B. Object oriented software construction 2nd edition. Englewood CliffsNJ, Prentice Hall, 1997
[41]Craig A. N. Soules, Jonathan Appavoo, Kevin Hui,et al. System support foronline reconfiguration. In Proceedings of the 2003 USENIX TechnicalConference, pages 141–154, San Antonio, TX, USA, 2003
[2] ESA Packet Utilization Standard. ESA PSS-07-101. Issue 1,May 1994
[3] Telemetry and Telecommand Packet Utilization Standard, ECSS-E-70-41A,January 2003
[4] McIlroy.M.D, Mass-produced software components, Proc. NATO Conf.on Software Engineering, Garmisch, 1968, Germany: Springer-Verlag
[5] 7th Annual workshop on Software Reuse, Summary and Working GroupReports, ACM Software engineering Notes,Vol.21,No1.Jan.1996
[6] 钟锡昌，张倪等，嵌入式软件与Hopen 系统，北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004：8-11
[7] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, 设计模式：可重用而向对象软的基础，北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[8] 中科永联高级技术培训中心， 框架， http://www.itisedu.com /phrase/200603061723295.html
[9] 马亮，孙艳春。软件构件概念的变迁。计算机科学，April 2002, VOL29 (4):28-30
[10]NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency. NATO Standardfor Management of a Reusable. Software Component Library, 1991
[11]6th International Workshop on Component-Oriented Programming.http://ecoop2001.inf.elte.hu/workshop/WCOP-ws.html
[12]Szyperski C, Component Software, Addison-Wesley, 1998
[13]Bachman, et al. Technical Concepts of Component-Based SoftwareEngineering: [CMU/SEI 2000-TR-008]. 2000/5
[14]Don Box，潘爱民译， COM 本质论，北京：中国电力出版社，2001
[15]刘雪艳，张贵仓。嵌入式软件组件技术研究, 硕士学位论文，兰州：西北师范大学，2003
[16]David B. Stewart, Richard A. Volpe, and Pradeep K.Khosla. Design ofdynamically reconfigurable real-time software using port-based objects. IEEETrans. Software Eng., 1997, 23(12): 759-776
[17]M.Winter, T.Genber, A.Christoph, O.Nierstrasz, S.Ducasse, R.Wuyts,G.Arevalo, P.Miiller, C.Stich, and B. Schohage. Components for embeddedsoftware-The PECOS approach, In Proc. Second International Workshop onComposition Languages, 2002
[18]David Urting, Yolande Berbers, Stefan Van Baelen, Tom Holvoet, YvesVandewoude, Peter Rigole. A tool for component based design of embeddedsoftware, Proceedings of the Fortieth International Confernece on ToolsPacific: Objects for Internet, mobile and embedded applications-Volume 10,February 2002
[19]Rob van Ommering, Frank van der Linden, Jeff Kramer, and Jeff Magee. Thekoala component model for consumer electronics software, IEEE Computer,2000
[20]D. Isovic, C. Norstrom. Components in real-time system. In Proc. RTCSA2002, 8th International Conference on Real Time Computing Systems andApplications, 2002
[21]李克勤，陈兆良，梅宏，杨芙清， 领域工程概述， 计算机科学，1999，26(5): 21-25
[22]杨芙清，王千祥，梅宏，陈兆良，基于重用的软件生产技术,中国科学(E辑)，Aug 2001，Vol. 31,No. 4:363-371
[23]James Petro, Michael E. Fotta, David B. Weisman, “Model-Base ReuseRepository - Concepts and Experience”, Proc. Seventh International Workshopon CASE, July 10-14, 1995, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Edited by Hausi A.Muller & Ronald J. Norman, pp. 60-69, IEEE Computer Society Press, LosAlamitos, California, USA
[24]Guillermo Arango, Ruben Prieto-Diaz, “Domain Analysis Concepts andResearch Directions”, in Domain Analysis and Software System Modeling, R.Prieto-Diaz and G. Arango, eds., IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos,California, 1991
[25]Cramer, W. Fey, M. Goedicke, and M. Grode-Rhode, Towards a formallybased component description language - a foundation for reuse, StructuredProgramming, 12:91-110, 1991
[26]Robert J. Gautier, Huw E. Oliver, Mark Ratcliffe, and Benjamin R. Whittle,CDL-A Component Description Language for Reuse, International Journal ofSoftware Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, p. 499-518,1993
[27]W. Tracz. LILEANNA: a Parameterized Programming Language, Proceedingsof the Second International Workshop on Software Reuse, p.66-78, Lucca,Italy, March 24-26, 1993. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1993
[28]R. Prieto-Diaz and W. B. Frakes. Object Oriented Module InterconnectionLanguages, in Advances in Software Reuse, Selected Papers from the SecondInternational Workshop on Software Reusability, eds. Pat Hall and RayWeedon, pp. 29-38, Lucca, Italy, March 24-26, 1993
[29]A. Avizienis, The N-Version Approach to Fault-Tolerant Software, IEEETranstraction on Software Engineering, SE-11:1491-1501, Dec 1985
[30]邵贝贝、许庆丰等，什么是嵌入式实时操作系统，单片机与嵌入式系统应用2001 年第7 期，P72-76
[31]David Vrting. Yolande Berkers. Stefan Van Baelen. Tom Holvoet. YvesVandewoude and Peter Rigole; A Tool for Component Based Design ofEmbedded Software. 2002. Australian Computer Society. Inc
[32]Michi Henning, Steve Vinoski, 基于C++ CORBA 高级编程。北京:清华大学出版社，2000
[33]M. Dmitriev. Towards Flexible and Safe Technology for Runtime Evolution ofJava Language Applications. In Workshop on 24 Engineering ComplexObject-Oriented Systems for Evolution, Proceedings (at OOPSLA 2001), 2001
[34]古幼鹏，桑楠，熊光泽，覃志东. 一种基于构件的嵌入式实时软件框架，计算机科学，2004 Vol.31 No.12
[35]J. Kramer and J. Magee. The evolving philosophers' problem: dynamic changemanagement. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 16(11) ， pp.1293-1306, November 1990
[36]Warren and I. Sommerville. A model for dynamic configuration whichpreserves application integrity. In 3rd International Conference onConfigurable Distributed Systems, pages 81-88. University of MarylandInstitute for Advanced Computer Studies, IEEE, May 1996
[37]T. Murata. Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications. Proc. IEEE, 1989,77(4): 541~580
[38]TASI J J P,YANG S J．Timing constraint Petri nets and their application toschedulability analysis of real-time system specfications．IEEE Trans SoftwareEngineering, 1995, 21(1): 32-49
[39]R. Barreto, et al. A modeling methodology and pre-run-time scheduling forembedded real-time software.The 15th Symposium on Com puter Architectureand High Performance Co m puting ,Sao Paulo,Brazil,2003
[40]Meyer, B. Object oriented software construction 2nd edition. Englewood CliffsNJ, Prentice Hall, 1997
[41]Craig A. N. Soules, Jonathan Appavoo, Kevin Hui,et al. System support foronline reconfiguration. In Proceedings of the 2003 USENIX TechnicalConference, pages 141–154, San Antonio, TX, USA, 2003
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