水凝胶的制备与应用研究
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摘要
制备了用作堵水剂、酸化转向剂的水凝胶,研究了阳离子水凝胶和聚丙烯酰胺的复合作用:
(1)通过AM均聚、AM与AMPS共聚以及AM与DMDAAC共聚,合成了聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶、AM-AMPS水凝胶和AM-DMDAAC水凝胶。研究了引发剂、单体质量比、交联剂、填充剂等对水凝胶性能影响,得出了三种水凝胶的最佳合成条件。评价表明,AM-AMPS水凝胶的综合性能最好,而AM-DMDAAC水凝胶表现出较好的抗钙盐的能力。
(2)基于含酯基的交联剂可在酸中水解而断开的特点,首次以AM、AMPS和PEGDA共聚,合成了能在酸中先膨胀、后溶解的可逆酸液转向剂,合成条件为:单体AM与AMPS摩尔比为1:1,单体质量分数为25%,引发剂质量分数为0.1%,交联剂质量分数为0.1%。该水凝胶转向剂在90℃15%的盐酸溶液中吸液膨胀,膨胀倍数达18倍,并可在12h内溶解,起到暂时堵塞地层的效果。
(3)将阳离子型水凝胶溶液与HPAM复配成复合型聚合物,评价增粘、耐温、耐盐、抗剪切性。结果表明,阳离子型水凝胶溶液的加入可以提高HPAM溶液的粘度,当阳离子度为5%、两溶液质量分数相同、体积比为1:1时,其增粘效果最好,在剪切速率为170s~(-1)的条件下粘度由31.1mPa.s增加到40.5mPa.s。
Hydrogels which can be used as blocking agent and diverting agent for acidizing were prepared, and the behavior of the mixture from cationic and PAM viscosity was investigated.
(1) By the polymerization of AM, copolymerization of AM and AMPS, copolymerization of AM and DMDAAC, the polyacrylamide hydrogels, AM-AMPS hydrogels and AM-DMDAAC hydrogels were synthesized respectively. Such factors as initiator, mass percent of monomer, crosslinker and so on were researched, and the optimum conditions to synthesize three kinds of hydrogels were obtained. Based on the performance evaluation, it is showed that AM-AMPS hydrogels was the best and the AM-DMDAAC hydrogels had good capability of calcium salt tolerance.
(2) Considering crosslinkers with ester groups could hydrolyze and break off, a special diverting agent which could first swell and then dissolve in acid solutions, was designed by the polymerization of AM, AMPS and PEGDA. The optimum conditions to synthesize this diverting agent were as follows: the molar ratio of AM to AMPS was 1:1, the mass percent of monomer was 25%, the mass percent of initiator was 0.1%, the mass percent of cross linking agent in monomer was 0.1%. The obtained hydrogels could swell by 18 times in 15% hydrochloric acid solution when the temperature was 90℃, and after 12 hours it could dissolve. Because of this behavior, it is possible for the hydrogel to block up the layer temporarily.
(3) The combination system was prepared by mixing cationic hydrogels and HPAM. The viscosity enhancement, temperature resistance, salt tolerance and shearing resistance of combination systems were evaluated. The result indicated that the introduction of the cationic hydrogels could enhance the viscosity of HPAM solution. When the cation degree of hydrogel was 5%, and the concentration of two solutions were correspondent, and the volume ratio was 1:1, the effect of viscosity enhancement was the best. When the rate of shearing was 170s~(-1), the viscosity could be increased from 31.1mPa.s to 40.5mPa.s.
(1)通过AM均聚、AM与AMPS共聚以及AM与DMDAAC共聚,合成了聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶、AM-AMPS水凝胶和AM-DMDAAC水凝胶。研究了引发剂、单体质量比、交联剂、填充剂等对水凝胶性能影响,得出了三种水凝胶的最佳合成条件。评价表明,AM-AMPS水凝胶的综合性能最好,而AM-DMDAAC水凝胶表现出较好的抗钙盐的能力。
(2)基于含酯基的交联剂可在酸中水解而断开的特点,首次以AM、AMPS和PEGDA共聚,合成了能在酸中先膨胀、后溶解的可逆酸液转向剂,合成条件为:单体AM与AMPS摩尔比为1:1,单体质量分数为25%,引发剂质量分数为0.1%,交联剂质量分数为0.1%。该水凝胶转向剂在90℃15%的盐酸溶液中吸液膨胀,膨胀倍数达18倍,并可在12h内溶解,起到暂时堵塞地层的效果。
(3)将阳离子型水凝胶溶液与HPAM复配成复合型聚合物,评价增粘、耐温、耐盐、抗剪切性。结果表明,阳离子型水凝胶溶液的加入可以提高HPAM溶液的粘度,当阳离子度为5%、两溶液质量分数相同、体积比为1:1时,其增粘效果最好,在剪切速率为170s~(-1)的条件下粘度由31.1mPa.s增加到40.5mPa.s。
Hydrogels which can be used as blocking agent and diverting agent for acidizing were prepared, and the behavior of the mixture from cationic and PAM viscosity was investigated.
(1) By the polymerization of AM, copolymerization of AM and AMPS, copolymerization of AM and DMDAAC, the polyacrylamide hydrogels, AM-AMPS hydrogels and AM-DMDAAC hydrogels were synthesized respectively. Such factors as initiator, mass percent of monomer, crosslinker and so on were researched, and the optimum conditions to synthesize three kinds of hydrogels were obtained. Based on the performance evaluation, it is showed that AM-AMPS hydrogels was the best and the AM-DMDAAC hydrogels had good capability of calcium salt tolerance.
(2) Considering crosslinkers with ester groups could hydrolyze and break off, a special diverting agent which could first swell and then dissolve in acid solutions, was designed by the polymerization of AM, AMPS and PEGDA. The optimum conditions to synthesize this diverting agent were as follows: the molar ratio of AM to AMPS was 1:1, the mass percent of monomer was 25%, the mass percent of initiator was 0.1%, the mass percent of cross linking agent in monomer was 0.1%. The obtained hydrogels could swell by 18 times in 15% hydrochloric acid solution when the temperature was 90℃, and after 12 hours it could dissolve. Because of this behavior, it is possible for the hydrogel to block up the layer temporarily.
(3) The combination system was prepared by mixing cationic hydrogels and HPAM. The viscosity enhancement, temperature resistance, salt tolerance and shearing resistance of combination systems were evaluated. The result indicated that the introduction of the cationic hydrogels could enhance the viscosity of HPAM solution. When the cation degree of hydrogel was 5%, and the concentration of two solutions were correspondent, and the volume ratio was 1:1, the effect of viscosity enhancement was the best. When the rate of shearing was 170s~(-1), the viscosity could be increased from 31.1mPa.s to 40.5mPa.s.
引文
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