农业灌溉用水经济价值及其影响因素——基于剩余价值法和陕西关中地区农户调研数据
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摘要
灌溉水经济价值是农业用水定价的重要基础。根据陕西关中地区农户调研数据,采用剩余价值法计算得到小麦、玉米和苹果灌溉水经济价值均值分别为0.66元/m~3、0.84元/m~3、3.17元/m~3。以该结果作为水价调整上限与现状水价比较,小麦和玉米的水价上调空间介于0.24～0.71元/m~3,苹果的水价调整空间介于2.72～3.04元/m~3之间。使用分位数模型对影响因素的研究发现:(1)仅在灌溉水经济价值较低时,农户和家庭特征以及土地分散程度有显著影响;(2)在灌溉水经济价值较高时,增强农户节水意识以及加入用水者协会将能有效提升灌溉用水经济价值;(3)粮食转为经济作物、进行农业水价综合改革在所有分位点上均呈显著正向影响。本文可为研究区域农业用水分类定价及改善用水效率提供参考。
The economic value of irrigation water is an important basis for the pricing of irrigation water. Based on farmers' data in Shaanxi Guanzhong irrigation area, this paper applied Residual Value Method to calculate the economic value of irrigation water for wheat,corn and apple. The results show that the economic values of irrigation water for the three crops are 0.66 yuan/m~3, 0.84 yuan/m~3 and 3.17 yuan/m~3, respectively. Taking the results as the upper limit of irrigation water price and compared with the current irrigation water price, we found that the water price increase range of wheat and corn is between 0.24-0.71 yuan/m~3. The apple water price adjustment space is relatively relaxed, ranging from 2.72 to 3.04 yuan/m~3.Furthermore, the analysis of factors influencing economic value of water based on quantile regression shows that the main factors are family economic level, type of crops, and whether to carry out comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project. The educational level,family economic level, farmers' subjective cognitive characteristics, and whether to carry out the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project are positively correlated with the economic value of water, while age, non-agricultural occupations, number of non-farm labor forces in family, land quantity and water economic value are negatively correlated with it.Specifically,(1) when economic value of irrigation water is at low stage, the characteristics of farmers and families as well as the farmland dispersion have significant impact;(2) when the economic value of irrigation water is at high stage, raising farmers' water-saving consciousness and joining water users association will be able to effectively improve the economic value of irrigation water;(3) the conversion from grain into cash crops and the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices have significant positive effects on all quantile points. This paper provides the basis for the agricultural water pricing classification in Guanzhong irrigation area,and also shows a new perspective for calculating the economic value of irrigation water.
The economic value of irrigation water is an important basis for the pricing of irrigation water. Based on farmers' data in Shaanxi Guanzhong irrigation area, this paper applied Residual Value Method to calculate the economic value of irrigation water for wheat,corn and apple. The results show that the economic values of irrigation water for the three crops are 0.66 yuan/m~3, 0.84 yuan/m~3 and 3.17 yuan/m~3, respectively. Taking the results as the upper limit of irrigation water price and compared with the current irrigation water price, we found that the water price increase range of wheat and corn is between 0.24-0.71 yuan/m~3. The apple water price adjustment space is relatively relaxed, ranging from 2.72 to 3.04 yuan/m~3.Furthermore, the analysis of factors influencing economic value of water based on quantile regression shows that the main factors are family economic level, type of crops, and whether to carry out comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project. The educational level,family economic level, farmers' subjective cognitive characteristics, and whether to carry out the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project are positively correlated with the economic value of water, while age, non-agricultural occupations, number of non-farm labor forces in family, land quantity and water economic value are negatively correlated with it.Specifically,(1) when economic value of irrigation water is at low stage, the characteristics of farmers and families as well as the farmland dispersion have significant impact;(2) when the economic value of irrigation water is at high stage, raising farmers' water-saving consciousness and joining water users association will be able to effectively improve the economic value of irrigation water;(3) the conversion from grain into cash crops and the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices have significant positive effects on all quantile points. This paper provides the basis for the agricultural water pricing classification in Guanzhong irrigation area,and also shows a new perspective for calculating the economic value of irrigation water.
引文
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[14]JIA S,LONG Q,WANG R Y,et al.On the inapplicability of the Cobb-Douglas Production Function for estimating the benefit of water use and the value of water resources.Water Resources Management,2016,30(10):3645-3650.
[15]BERBEL J,MESA-JURADO M A,PISTON J M.Value of irrigation water in Guadalquivir Basin(Spain)by residual value method.Water Resources Management,2011,25(6):1565-1579.
[16]刘生龙.教育和经验对中国居民收入的影响:基于分位数回归和审查分位数回归的实证研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2008,25(4):75-85.[LIU S L.Influences of education and experience on Chinese residents.Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2008,25(4):75-85.]
[17]KOENKER R,BASSETT G.Regression quantiles.Econometrica,1978,46(1):33-50.
[18]LANGE G M,HASSAN R.The Economics of Water Management in Southern Africa:An Environmental Accounting Approach.Cheltenham UK:Edward Elgar Publishing,2006.
[19]王晓娟,李周.灌溉用水效率及影响因素分析.中国农村经济,2005,(7):11-18.[WANG X J,LI Z.Analysis of efficiency of irrigation water use and influencing factors.Chinese Rural Economy,2005,(7):11-18.]
[20]王学渊,赵连阁.中国农业用水效率及影响因素:基于1997-2006年省区面板数据的SFA分析.农业经济问题,2008,29(3):10-18.[WANG X Y,ZHAO L G.Agricultural water efficiency and the causal factors:A stochastic frontier analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data:1997-2006.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2008,29(3):10-18.]
[21]耿献辉,张晓恒,宋玉兰.农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素实证分析:基于随机前沿生产函数和新疆棉农调研数据.自然资源学报,2014,29(6):934-943.[GENG X H,ZHANG X H,SONG Y L.Measurement of irrigation water efficiency and analysis of influential factors:An empirical study based on stochastic production frontier and cotton farmers'data in Xinjiang.Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(6):934-943.]
[22]夏莲,石晓平,冯淑怡,等.农业产业化背景下农户水资源利用效率影响因素分析:基于甘肃省民乐县的实证分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):111-118.[XIA L,SHI X P,FENG S Y,et al.The impact of agriculture-related enterprises involvement in farmers investment of small-scaled irrigation and water conservancy facilities:A case study of Minle county of Gansu province.China Population,Resources&Environment,2013,23(12):111-118.]
[23]李鹏.可持续发展的农业水价理论与改革.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.[LI P.Theory and reformation of sustainable development agricultural water price.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2008.]
[24]任梅芳.基于节水技术推广的农业节水水价研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.[REN M F.Agricultural water price based on promoting water-saving technology utilization.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.]
[25]徐飘.农业灌溉水价确定及其对农户用水行为的影响分析.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.[XU P.Agricultural irrigation water price determined and its impact on farmers'behavior.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2014.]
[26]许朗,黄莺.农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素分析:基于安徽省蒙城县的实地调查.资源科学,2012,34(1):105-113.[XU L,HUANG Y.Measurement of irrigation water efficiency and analysis of influential factors:An empirical study of Mengcheng county in Anhui province.Resources Science,2012,34(1):105-113.]
[27]HUSSAIN I,TURRAL H,MOLDEN D,et al.Measuring and enhancing the value of agricultural water in irrigated river basins.Irrigation Science,2007,25(3):263-282.
[2]WARD F A,MICHELSEN A.The economic value of water in agriculture:Concepts and policy applications.Water Policy,2002,4(5):423-446.
[3]YOUNG R A,LOOMIS J B.Determining the Economic Value of Water:Concepts and Methods.London:Routledge Press,2005.
[4]张秋平,郝晋珉,白玮.黄淮海地区粮食生产中的农业水资源经济价值核算.农业工程学报,2008,24(2):1-5.[ZHANG Q P,HAO J M,BAI W.Estimation of economic value of agricultural water resource in grain production in Huang-Huai-Hai region.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(2):1-5.]
[5]RIGBY D,ALCON F,BURTON M.Supply uncertainty and the economic value of irrigation water.European Review of Agricultural Economics,2010,37(1):97-117.
[6]BARTON D N,TARON A,STALNACKE P,et al.Valuing irrigation water using survey-based methods in the Tungabhadra River Basin,India.Irrigation&Drainage Systems,2010,24(3-4):265-277.
[7]MUCHARA B,ORTMANN G,MUDHARA M,et al.Irrigation water value for potato farmers in the Mooi River irrigation scheme of KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa:A residual value approach.Agricultural Water Management,2016,164(2):243-252.
[8]KIPROP J K,LAGAT J K,MSHENGA P,et al.Determining the economic value of irrigation water in Kerio Valley Basin(Kenya)by residual value method.Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development,2015,6(7):102-107.
[9]SPEELMAN S,FAROLFI S,PERRET S,et al.Irrigation water value at small-scale schemes:Evidence from the north west province,South Africa.International Journal of Water Resources Development,2008,24(4):621-633.
[10]MESAJURADO M A,BERBEL J,ORGAZ F.Estimating marginal value of water for irrigated olive grove with the production function method.Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2010,8(S2):197-206.
[11]ZIOLKOWSKA J R.Shadow price of water for irrigation:A case of the High Plains.Agricultural Water Management,2015,153:20-31.
[12]李良县,甘泓,汪林,等.水资源经济价值计算与分析.自然资源学报,2008,23(3):494-499.[LI L X,GAN H,WANGL,et al.Calculation and analysis of the economic value of water resource.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(3):494-499.]
[13]张志霞,秦昌波,贾仰文,等.缺水地区水资源经济价值的异同辨析:以北京市和陕西省为例.中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):19-25.[ZHANG Z X,QIN C B,JIA Y W,et al.Comparative analysis of the economic value of water in water deficient areas with different development levels:Case study of Beijing and Shaanxi,China.China Population,Resources&Environment,2012,22(10):19-25.]
[14]JIA S,LONG Q,WANG R Y,et al.On the inapplicability of the Cobb-Douglas Production Function for estimating the benefit of water use and the value of water resources.Water Resources Management,2016,30(10):3645-3650.
[15]BERBEL J,MESA-JURADO M A,PISTON J M.Value of irrigation water in Guadalquivir Basin(Spain)by residual value method.Water Resources Management,2011,25(6):1565-1579.
[16]刘生龙.教育和经验对中国居民收入的影响:基于分位数回归和审查分位数回归的实证研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2008,25(4):75-85.[LIU S L.Influences of education and experience on Chinese residents.Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2008,25(4):75-85.]
[17]KOENKER R,BASSETT G.Regression quantiles.Econometrica,1978,46(1):33-50.
[18]LANGE G M,HASSAN R.The Economics of Water Management in Southern Africa:An Environmental Accounting Approach.Cheltenham UK:Edward Elgar Publishing,2006.
[19]王晓娟,李周.灌溉用水效率及影响因素分析.中国农村经济,2005,(7):11-18.[WANG X J,LI Z.Analysis of efficiency of irrigation water use and influencing factors.Chinese Rural Economy,2005,(7):11-18.]
[20]王学渊,赵连阁.中国农业用水效率及影响因素:基于1997-2006年省区面板数据的SFA分析.农业经济问题,2008,29(3):10-18.[WANG X Y,ZHAO L G.Agricultural water efficiency and the causal factors:A stochastic frontier analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data:1997-2006.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2008,29(3):10-18.]
[21]耿献辉,张晓恒,宋玉兰.农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素实证分析:基于随机前沿生产函数和新疆棉农调研数据.自然资源学报,2014,29(6):934-943.[GENG X H,ZHANG X H,SONG Y L.Measurement of irrigation water efficiency and analysis of influential factors:An empirical study based on stochastic production frontier and cotton farmers'data in Xinjiang.Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(6):934-943.]
[22]夏莲,石晓平,冯淑怡,等.农业产业化背景下农户水资源利用效率影响因素分析:基于甘肃省民乐县的实证分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):111-118.[XIA L,SHI X P,FENG S Y,et al.The impact of agriculture-related enterprises involvement in farmers investment of small-scaled irrigation and water conservancy facilities:A case study of Minle county of Gansu province.China Population,Resources&Environment,2013,23(12):111-118.]
[23]李鹏.可持续发展的农业水价理论与改革.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.[LI P.Theory and reformation of sustainable development agricultural water price.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2008.]
[24]任梅芳.基于节水技术推广的农业节水水价研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.[REN M F.Agricultural water price based on promoting water-saving technology utilization.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.]
[25]徐飘.农业灌溉水价确定及其对农户用水行为的影响分析.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.[XU P.Agricultural irrigation water price determined and its impact on farmers'behavior.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2014.]
[26]许朗,黄莺.农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素分析:基于安徽省蒙城县的实地调查.资源科学,2012,34(1):105-113.[XU L,HUANG Y.Measurement of irrigation water efficiency and analysis of influential factors:An empirical study of Mengcheng county in Anhui province.Resources Science,2012,34(1):105-113.]
[27]HUSSAIN I,TURRAL H,MOLDEN D,et al.Measuring and enhancing the value of agricultural water in irrigated river basins.Irrigation Science,2007,25(3):263-282.
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