江苏外来入侵植物区系、生活型及繁殖特性
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摘要
在全球经济一体化和国际贸易日益发展的背景下,外来植物入侵引发的生物安全问题可能对现有的生态系统可持续性造成威胁。通过实地调查与查阅文献资料,对江苏外来入侵植物的区系组成、科属组成、地理成分、原产地、生活型及繁殖特性进行了统计和分析。结果表明:江苏省外来入侵植物共有229种,隶属于51科140属,其中被子植物共有49科138属227种,并以单子叶植物占有主导地位;从科属组成来看,大型科、单种属与寡种属占植物区系的主体,但较大属在种的层次上丰富度更高,表明江苏入侵植物区系内部结构较为复杂;江苏入侵植物区系具有较强的热带亲缘性,并在一定程度上受到温带植物区系的影响;美洲起源的植物居多,并以草本植物占绝对优势;入侵植物繁殖特性分析结果表明,49.56%的入侵植物以小型花、短花期来实现入侵;果实主要类型为蒴果,有利于种子传播;多数入侵植物以种子繁殖为主,28.82%的入侵植物兼有种子与克隆繁殖两种方式,其中克隆繁殖以分蘖为主,以利于提高其入侵能力。
Under the background of global economic integration and ever-increasing international trade,biosecurity incurred by the invasion of alien species may threaten ecosystem sustainability.Through field investigation and literature reviews,we analyzed the floristic composition,genus composition,geographical composition,origins,life forms and reproductive characteristics of the invasive species in Jiangsu Province. The results showed that there are 229 invasive species,belonging to 140 genera and 51 families. For angiosperm,there are 227 species in total from 138 genera in 49 families,which are dominated by monocotyledon. In the perspective of the composition of families and genera,large families,single-species genera and oligospecies genera composed the main body of the flora,but larger genera have higher abundance at the level of the species,indicating that the internal structure of the invasive flora in Jiangsu Province is complex.Furthermore,the invasive flora of Jiangsu Province has a strong tropical affinity and is largely influenced by temperate flora. Most of invasive species are from the Americas and dominated by herbaceous species. 49.56% of the invasive species are propagated with small flowers and short flowering period. The main fruit type of invasive species is capsule,which is beneficial to seed dispersal. Most invasive species are mainly seed propagation. 28.82% of the invasive species have both seed and clonal propagation,with the latter being the main way that is beneficial to improving its invasion ability.
Under the background of global economic integration and ever-increasing international trade,biosecurity incurred by the invasion of alien species may threaten ecosystem sustainability.Through field investigation and literature reviews,we analyzed the floristic composition,genus composition,geographical composition,origins,life forms and reproductive characteristics of the invasive species in Jiangsu Province. The results showed that there are 229 invasive species,belonging to 140 genera and 51 families. For angiosperm,there are 227 species in total from 138 genera in 49 families,which are dominated by monocotyledon. In the perspective of the composition of families and genera,large families,single-species genera and oligospecies genera composed the main body of the flora,but larger genera have higher abundance at the level of the species,indicating that the internal structure of the invasive flora in Jiangsu Province is complex.Furthermore,the invasive flora of Jiangsu Province has a strong tropical affinity and is largely influenced by temperate flora. Most of invasive species are from the Americas and dominated by herbaceous species. 49.56% of the invasive species are propagated with small flowers and short flowering period. The main fruit type of invasive species is capsule,which is beneficial to seed dispersal. Most invasive species are mainly seed propagation. 28.82% of the invasive species have both seed and clonal propagation,with the latter being the main way that is beneficial to improving its invasion ability.
引文
陈文新,汪恩涛,陈文峰.2004.根瘤菌-豆科植物共生多样性与地理环境的关系.中国农业科学,37(1):81-86.
董鸣,于飞海,安树青,等.2007.植物克隆性的生态学意义.植物生态学报,31(4):549-551.
董鸣,于飞海.2007.克隆植物生态学术语和概念.植物生态学报,31(4):689-694.
董红云,李亚,汪庆,等.2010.江苏省3个自然保护区外来入侵植物的调查及分析.植物资源与环境学报,19(1):86-91.
冯建祥,黄茜,陈卉,等.2018.互花米草入侵对盐沼和红树林滨海湿地底栖动物群落的影响.生态学杂志,37(3):943-951.
高末,胡仁勇,陈贤兴,等.2011.干扰、地形和土壤对温州入侵植物分布的影响.生物多样性,19(4):424-431.
江苏省地方志编纂委员会.2005.江苏省志,生物志·植物篇.南京:凤凰出版社.
江苏省植物研究所.1977.江苏植物志(上册).南京:江苏人民出版社.
类延宝,肖海峰,冯玉龙.2010.外来植物入侵对生物多样性的影响及本地生物的进化响应.生物多样性,18(6):622-630.
李博,徐炳声,陈家宽.2001.从上海外来杂草区系剖析植物入侵的一般特征.生物多样性,9(4):446-457.
李亚,姚淦,邓飞,等.2008.江苏省外来种子植物的初步调查和分析.植物资源与环境学报,17(4):55-60.
李振宇,解焱.2002.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社.
林金成,强胜,吴海荣,等.2004.毒麦(Loliumtemu lentum L.).杂草科学,22(3):53-54.
刘濂.1996.河北植被.北京:科学出版社.
马金双.2013.中国入侵植物名录.北京:高等教育出版社.
潘怀剑,田家怡.2001.山东省的外来有害植物.植物检疫,15(4):245-246.
全威,王明,桑卫国.2018.外来入侵植物风传扩散过程模拟模型选择.生态学杂志,37(9):2840-2848.
寿海洋,闫小玲,叶康,等.2014.江苏省外来入侵植物的初步研究.植物分类与资源学报,36(6):793-807.
宋明华,董鸣.2002.群落中克隆植物的重要性.生态学报,22(11):1960-1967.
苏嫚丽,赵言文,王月华.2008.江苏省农业生态系统外来入侵动植物初步研究.江西农业学报,20(10):117-120.
吴海荣,强胜,段惠,等.2004.豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).杂草科学,22(2):50-52.
吴鲁夫EB,仲崇信,等译.1960.历史植物地理学引论.北京:科学出版社.
吴征镒.1980.中国植被.北京:科学出版社.
徐海根,强胜.2004.中国外来入侵物种编目.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
徐海根,强胜.2011.中国外来入侵生物.北京:科学出版社.
闫小玲,寿海洋,马金双.2012.中国外来入侵植物研究现状及存在的问题.植物分类与资源学报,34(3):287-313.
闫小玲,寿海洋,马金双.2014.浙江省外来入侵植物研究.植物分类与资源学报,36(1):77-88.
严岳鸿,邢福武,黄向旭.2004.深圳的外来植物.广西植物,24(3):232-238.
杨逢建,张衷华,王文杰,等.2007.八种菊科外来植物种子形态与生理生化特征的差异.生态学报,27(2):442-449.
张斯斯,肖宜安.2013.中国外来入侵植物生活型与性系统多样性.植物研究,33(3):351-359.
张中信,张小平,刘慧君,等.2010.加拿大一枝黄花和一枝黄花化感作用比较研究.植物科学学报,28(2):191-198.
郑景明,李俊清,孙启祥,等.2008.外来木本植物入侵的生态预测与风险评价综述.生态学报,28(11):5549-5560.
钟章成.1995.植物种群的繁殖对策.生态学杂志,14(1):37-42.
Baker HG.1974.The evolution of weeds.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,5:1-24.
Barrett SCH.1983.Crop mimicry in weeds.Economic Botany,37:255-282.
Doust LL.1987.Population dynamics and local specialization in a clonal perennial(Ranunculus Repens).III.Responses to light and nutrient supply.Journal of Ecology,75:555-568.
GassóN,Sol D,Pino J,et al.2010.Exploring species attributes and site characteristics to assess plant invasions in Spain.Diversity and Distributions,15:50-58.
Liu J,He WM,Zhang SM,et al.2008.Effects of clonal integration on photosynthesis of the invasive clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides.Photosynthetica,46:299.
Machado IC,Lopes AV.2004.Floral traits and pollination systems in the Caatinga,a Brazilian tropical dry forest.Annals of Botany,94:365-376.
Pysek P,Richardson DM.2008.Traits associated with invasiveness in alien plants:Where do we stand.Biological Invasions,193:97-125.
Ricklefs RE,Guo QF,Qian H.2008.Growth form and distribution of introduced plants in their native and non-native ranges in Eastern Asia and North America.Diversity and Distributions,14:381-386.
Roiloa SR,Rodríguez-Echeverría S,Freitas H.2014.Effect of physiological integration in self/non-self genotype recognition on the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis.Journal of Plant Ecology,7:413-418.
Wang N,Yu FH,Li PX,et al.2010.Clonal integration supports the expansion from terrestrial to aquatic environments of the amphibious stoloniferous herb Alternanthera philoxeroides.Plant Biology,11:483-489.
董鸣,于飞海,安树青,等.2007.植物克隆性的生态学意义.植物生态学报,31(4):549-551.
董鸣,于飞海.2007.克隆植物生态学术语和概念.植物生态学报,31(4):689-694.
董红云,李亚,汪庆,等.2010.江苏省3个自然保护区外来入侵植物的调查及分析.植物资源与环境学报,19(1):86-91.
冯建祥,黄茜,陈卉,等.2018.互花米草入侵对盐沼和红树林滨海湿地底栖动物群落的影响.生态学杂志,37(3):943-951.
高末,胡仁勇,陈贤兴,等.2011.干扰、地形和土壤对温州入侵植物分布的影响.生物多样性,19(4):424-431.
江苏省地方志编纂委员会.2005.江苏省志,生物志·植物篇.南京:凤凰出版社.
江苏省植物研究所.1977.江苏植物志(上册).南京:江苏人民出版社.
类延宝,肖海峰,冯玉龙.2010.外来植物入侵对生物多样性的影响及本地生物的进化响应.生物多样性,18(6):622-630.
李博,徐炳声,陈家宽.2001.从上海外来杂草区系剖析植物入侵的一般特征.生物多样性,9(4):446-457.
李亚,姚淦,邓飞,等.2008.江苏省外来种子植物的初步调查和分析.植物资源与环境学报,17(4):55-60.
李振宇,解焱.2002.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社.
林金成,强胜,吴海荣,等.2004.毒麦(Loliumtemu lentum L.).杂草科学,22(3):53-54.
刘濂.1996.河北植被.北京:科学出版社.
马金双.2013.中国入侵植物名录.北京:高等教育出版社.
潘怀剑,田家怡.2001.山东省的外来有害植物.植物检疫,15(4):245-246.
全威,王明,桑卫国.2018.外来入侵植物风传扩散过程模拟模型选择.生态学杂志,37(9):2840-2848.
寿海洋,闫小玲,叶康,等.2014.江苏省外来入侵植物的初步研究.植物分类与资源学报,36(6):793-807.
宋明华,董鸣.2002.群落中克隆植物的重要性.生态学报,22(11):1960-1967.
苏嫚丽,赵言文,王月华.2008.江苏省农业生态系统外来入侵动植物初步研究.江西农业学报,20(10):117-120.
吴海荣,强胜,段惠,等.2004.豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).杂草科学,22(2):50-52.
吴鲁夫EB,仲崇信,等译.1960.历史植物地理学引论.北京:科学出版社.
吴征镒.1980.中国植被.北京:科学出版社.
徐海根,强胜.2004.中国外来入侵物种编目.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
徐海根,强胜.2011.中国外来入侵生物.北京:科学出版社.
闫小玲,寿海洋,马金双.2012.中国外来入侵植物研究现状及存在的问题.植物分类与资源学报,34(3):287-313.
闫小玲,寿海洋,马金双.2014.浙江省外来入侵植物研究.植物分类与资源学报,36(1):77-88.
严岳鸿,邢福武,黄向旭.2004.深圳的外来植物.广西植物,24(3):232-238.
杨逢建,张衷华,王文杰,等.2007.八种菊科外来植物种子形态与生理生化特征的差异.生态学报,27(2):442-449.
张斯斯,肖宜安.2013.中国外来入侵植物生活型与性系统多样性.植物研究,33(3):351-359.
张中信,张小平,刘慧君,等.2010.加拿大一枝黄花和一枝黄花化感作用比较研究.植物科学学报,28(2):191-198.
郑景明,李俊清,孙启祥,等.2008.外来木本植物入侵的生态预测与风险评价综述.生态学报,28(11):5549-5560.
钟章成.1995.植物种群的繁殖对策.生态学杂志,14(1):37-42.
Baker HG.1974.The evolution of weeds.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,5:1-24.
Barrett SCH.1983.Crop mimicry in weeds.Economic Botany,37:255-282.
Doust LL.1987.Population dynamics and local specialization in a clonal perennial(Ranunculus Repens).III.Responses to light and nutrient supply.Journal of Ecology,75:555-568.
GassóN,Sol D,Pino J,et al.2010.Exploring species attributes and site characteristics to assess plant invasions in Spain.Diversity and Distributions,15:50-58.
Liu J,He WM,Zhang SM,et al.2008.Effects of clonal integration on photosynthesis of the invasive clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides.Photosynthetica,46:299.
Machado IC,Lopes AV.2004.Floral traits and pollination systems in the Caatinga,a Brazilian tropical dry forest.Annals of Botany,94:365-376.
Pysek P,Richardson DM.2008.Traits associated with invasiveness in alien plants:Where do we stand.Biological Invasions,193:97-125.
Ricklefs RE,Guo QF,Qian H.2008.Growth form and distribution of introduced plants in their native and non-native ranges in Eastern Asia and North America.Diversity and Distributions,14:381-386.
Roiloa SR,Rodríguez-Echeverría S,Freitas H.2014.Effect of physiological integration in self/non-self genotype recognition on the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis.Journal of Plant Ecology,7:413-418.
Wang N,Yu FH,Li PX,et al.2010.Clonal integration supports the expansion from terrestrial to aquatic environments of the amphibious stoloniferous herb Alternanthera philoxeroides.Plant Biology,11:483-489.
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