基于区域多中心治理模式的生态恢复——以吐鲁番地区坎儿井水利系统的再生利用为例

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英文篇名：ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION BASED ON A REGIONAL POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE MODEL——REGENERATION OF THE KAREZ WATER SYSTEM IN TURPAN REGION 作者：杜泽慧 英文作者：DU Zehui;College of Arts,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology; 关键词：多中心治理模式 ; 吐鲁番 ; 坎儿井 ; 水账户 ; 生态农业 ; 废弃空间 英文关键词：Polycentric Governance Model;;Turpan;;The Karez;;Water Account;;Ecological Agriculture;;Abandoned Space 中文刊名：景观设计学 英文刊名：Landscape Architecture Frontiers 机构：西安建筑科技大学艺术学院; 出版日期：2019-06-15 出版单位：景观设计学 年：2019 期：03 语种：中文; 页：148-157 页数：10 CN：10-1467/TU ISSN：2096-336X 分类号：TU984.18;X171.4

摘要

快速的人口增长及工农业发展加剧了吐鲁番地区水资源供应不足的问题,现代水利工程使坎儿井形成的独特生态系统逐渐失衡,与坎儿井相伴而生的绿洲文明和特色文化景观也逐渐丧失活力。本文以坎儿井为切入点,以当下气候变化为契机,在分析吐鲁番地区水资源现状的基础上,提出基于区域多中心治理模式的规划、设计和实施途径,以探寻能够协调社会各方利益的公共环境治理新思路。具体策略包括:1)建立水账户管理体系;2)建立生态农业节水、控水机制;3)构建"农-牧-渔"循环发展模式;4)挖掘废弃空间的潜在价值。通过重新梳理场地的供需关系,重置现状资源与区域发展之间的平衡参量,发挥景观作为生态基础设施的功能性作用,上述策略可在各方利益达成共识的基础上形成公共利益,以实现韧性景观的构建及资源的可持续利用。
        With the population boom and the rapid industrial and agricultural development, regional water demand has exceeded the supply capacity in Turpan. Modern water infrastructure not only made the unique ecosystem formed by the Karez out-of-balance, but also devitalized the oasis civilization and the indigenous cultural landscape associated with the Karez. Taking the Karez system as an example, this article proposes planning and design schemes and roadmaps based on a regional polycentric governance model to explore a new path of public environmental governance which coordinates the interests of all stakeholders. Four strategies are proposed: 1) establishing the water account management system; 2) establishing an ecological agriculture water saving and control mechanism; 3) introducing an agriculture-husbandry-fishery circular development mode; and 4) revitalizing abandoned space. By re-identifying water supply and demand, rebalancing the existing resources and regional development, and encouraging the role of landscape as ecological infrastructure, resilient landscape and sustainable resource utilization could be realized to maximize the public interest.

引文

[1]Wang,L.,Tuolunbuke,W.N.,Liu,J.,&Deng,J.(2017).The Study of Karez Development in Xinjiang Autonomous Region from the Mid-nineteenth Century.Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,15(1),70-74.
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    该项目曾获第14届全国高校景观设计学生作品展—LA先锋奖研究创新类综合奖,本文基于该获奖作品撰写。
    This article is based on the work winning the General Award(Research and Innovation Category)of LA Frontiers Award—The 14th Chinese Landscape Architecture Student Works Exhibition.