氮肥对油菜在不同土壤中吸收积累Cd的影响
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摘要
以三种不同程度Cd污染土壤为材料,通过盆栽试验研究NH_4Cl和(NH_4)_2SO_4两种氮肥对土壤Cd有效性及油菜吸收、转运Cd的影响,评价油菜对Cd的生物累积量,以期为油菜修复Cd污染土壤的优化施肥措施提供理论支撑。结果表明:施加NH_4Cl和(NH_4)_2SO_4均显著降低了土壤的pH,(NH_4)_2SO_4处理土壤pH低于施加NH_4Cl处理的土壤,施肥处理下生长期非根际土pH低于根际土,成熟期非根际土pH高于根际土。施加(NH_4)_2SO_4和NH4Cl均使土壤中有效态Cd含量增加。(NH_4)_2SO_4处理有效态Cd的浓度高于NH_4Cl处理。油菜成熟期土壤中有效态Cd的浓度低于生长期,生长期和成熟期整体表现出根际土中Cd的总量高于非根际土。施加(NH_4)_2SO_4和NH4Cl均增加油菜各部位Cd的含量,提高油菜的富集系数和转运系数,油菜从根到叶对Cd的转运系数最高。研究表明油菜作为Cd污染土壤的修复植物有一定安全保障。
In this paper, three different degrees of Cd contaminated soil was used as research materials. Through pot experiment, the effect of two kinds of nitrogen fertilizers of NH_4Cl and(NH_4)_2SO_4 on the validity of soil Cd and the effects of rape absorption and transfer Cd were evaluated, and the bioaccumulation of Cd by rape was appraised to provide theoretical support for the optimized fertilization measures for rape remediation Cd contaminated soil. The results showed that,after applying NH_4Cl and(NH_4)_2SO_4,the pH of soil was significantly reduced,(NH_4)_2SO_4 treated soil pH was lower than that of the soil under the application of NH_4Cl treatment, the pH of non-rhizosphere soil was lower than that of rhizosphere soil in the growing period, and the pH of non-rhizosphere soil was higher than rhizosphere soil in the maturation stage. The amount of effective Cd in soil increased by applying(NH_4)_2SO_4 and NH_4Cl. The effective Cd concentration of the(NH_4)_2SO_4 was higher than that of NH_4Cl treatment. In the mature stage of rape, the concentration of Cd in the soil was lower than that in the growth period, and the total amount of Cd in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere soil. The application of(NH_4)_2SO_4 and NH_4Cl increased the Cd content in different parts of rape, increased the BCF(Biological Concentration Factor)and TF(Translocation Factor)of rape, and the TF of rape from root to leaf was the highest.
In this paper, three different degrees of Cd contaminated soil was used as research materials. Through pot experiment, the effect of two kinds of nitrogen fertilizers of NH_4Cl and(NH_4)_2SO_4 on the validity of soil Cd and the effects of rape absorption and transfer Cd were evaluated, and the bioaccumulation of Cd by rape was appraised to provide theoretical support for the optimized fertilization measures for rape remediation Cd contaminated soil. The results showed that,after applying NH_4Cl and(NH_4)_2SO_4,the pH of soil was significantly reduced,(NH_4)_2SO_4 treated soil pH was lower than that of the soil under the application of NH_4Cl treatment, the pH of non-rhizosphere soil was lower than that of rhizosphere soil in the growing period, and the pH of non-rhizosphere soil was higher than rhizosphere soil in the maturation stage. The amount of effective Cd in soil increased by applying(NH_4)_2SO_4 and NH_4Cl. The effective Cd concentration of the(NH_4)_2SO_4 was higher than that of NH_4Cl treatment. In the mature stage of rape, the concentration of Cd in the soil was lower than that in the growth period, and the total amount of Cd in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the non-rhizosphere soil. The application of(NH_4)_2SO_4 and NH_4Cl increased the Cd content in different parts of rape, increased the BCF(Biological Concentration Factor)and TF(Translocation Factor)of rape, and the TF of rape from root to leaf was the highest.
引文
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[2]庹瑞锐,赵运林,董萌,等.土壤重金属镉、铅污染的植物修复技术研究进展[J].贵州农业科学, 2011, 39(6):216-220.TUO Rui-rui, ZHAO Yun-lin, DONG Meng, et al. Research progress in soil phytoremediation technology polluted by cadmium and lead[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(6):216-220.
[3]郑黎明,袁静.重金属污染土壤植物修复技术及其强化措施[J].环境科技, 2017, 30(1):75-78.ZHENG Li-ming, YUAN Jing. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals and strengthening measures[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 30(1):75-78.
[4]谭小力,郭蔼光,李殿荣.油菜应用的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2002, 18(3):77-81.TAN Xiao-li, GUO Ai-guang, LI Dian-rong. The progresses in the current application research on rapeseed(Brassica napus)[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2002, 18(3):77-81.
[5]Grispen V M, Nelissen H J, Verkleij J A. Phytoextraction with Brassica napus L.:A tool for sustainable management of heavy metal contaminated soils[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2006, 144(1):77-83.
[6]LászlóS. Cadmium accumulation and distribution in sunflower plant[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1998, 21(2):341-352.
[7]Ivanova R. Heavy metal accumulation and distribution in oil crops[J].Communications in Soil Science&Plant Analysis, 2005, 35(17/18):2551-2566.
[8]李顺江,李鹏,李新荣,等.不同肥源、施氮量对土壤-作物系统中铬、镉含量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2015, 32(3):235-241.LI Shun-jiang, LI Peng, LI Xin-rong, et al. The influence of concentration of chromium, cadmium in soil-crop system under different fertilizers and fertilization amount[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2015, 32(3):235-241.
[9]王美,李书田.肥料重金属含量状况及施肥对土壤和作物重金属富集的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(2):466-480.WANG Mei, LI Shu-tian, Heavy metals in fertilizers and effect of the fertilization on heavy metal accumulation in soils and crops[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(2):466-480.
[10]孙磊,郝秀珍,周东美,等.不同氮肥对污染土壤玉米生长和重金属Cu、Cd吸收的影响[J].玉米科学, 2014, 22(3):137-141, 147.SUN Lei, HAO Xiu-zhen, ZHOU Dong-mei, et al. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on growth and heavy metals uptake by corn grown in contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2014, 22(3):137-141, 147.
[11]汪洁,沈丽波,李柱,等.氮肥形态对伴矿景天生长和锌镉吸收性的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(11):2118-2124.WANG Jie, SHEN Li-bo, LI Zhu, et al. Effects of nitrogen forms on growth and Zn/Cd uptake of Sedum Plumbizincicola[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(11):2118-2124.
[12]刘梦娇,邓淯文,胡丽,等.四种氮肥对海甘蓝(Crambe abyssinica)富集镉锌效应及根际土壤细菌群落特性的影响[J].安全与环境学报, 2017, 17(3):1148-1154.LIU Meng-jiao, DENG Yu-wen, HU Li, et al. Effect of the 4 nitrogen fertilizers on the rhizospheric soil bacterial communities and the uptake of Ca and Zn by Crambe abyssinica[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2017, 17(3):1148-1154.
[13]王冰,慕姝,秦治家,等.化肥对薄层黑土中镉、铅活性及小白菜生长的影响[J].北方园艺, 2014(20):168-173.WANG Bing, MU Shu, QIN Zhi-jia, et al. Effect of fertilizers on the activity of cadmium, lead and pakchoi growth in the black thin-layer soil[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2014(20):168-173.
[14]王艳红,艾绍英,李盟军,等.氮肥对镉在土壤-芥菜系统中迁移转化的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(3):649-653.WANG Yan-hong, AI Shao-ying, LI Meng-jun, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on cadmium translocation in soil-mustard system[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2010, 18(3):649-653.
[15]王辉,许超,罗尊长,等.氮肥用量对油菜吸收积累镉的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(6):302-305.WANG Hui, XU Chao, LUO Zun-chang, et al. Effects of nitrogen application level on cadmium uptake and accumulation in rape[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 31(6):302-305.
[16]张洪,赖凡,吕家恪,等.氮肥对油菜根-土界面镉迁移及镉组分变化特征的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2009, 23(2):169-172.ZHANG Hong, LAI Fan, LüJia-ke, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on Cd translocation and changes of Cd fractions at soil-root interface of rape[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 23(2):169-172.
[17]孙治强,张楠,赵卫星,等.氮肥施用量对生菜产量、硝酸盐积累及土壤EC值、pH值的影响[J].江西农业学报, 2007, 19(4):44-45.SUN Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Nan, ZHAO Wei-xing, et al. Effects of N application rates on yield, nitrate accumulation of lettuce and EC, pH value of soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2007, 19(4):44-45.
[18]赵晶,冯文强,秦鱼生,等.不同氮磷钾肥对土壤pH和镉有效性的影响[J].土壤学报, 2010, 47(5):953-961.ZHAO Jing, FENG Wen-qiang, QIN Yu-sheng, et al. Effects of application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on soil pH and cadmium availability[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(5):953-961.
[19]艾绍英,孙自航,姚建武,等.氮肥种类及用量对赤红壤pH和可溶性盐的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2008(4):304-308.AI Shao-ying, SUN Zi-hang, YAO Jian-wu, et al. Effects of different kinds and amount of nitrogen fertilizer on pH and soluble salt of latosolic red soil[J]. Ecology and Environmental, 2008(4):304-308.
[20]Li N Y, Fu Q L, Zhuang P, et al. Effect of fertilizers on Cd uptake of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, a high biomass, fast growing and easily cultivated potential Cd hyperaccumulator[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2012, 14(2):162-173.
[21]徐卫红,王宏信,刘怀,等. Zn、Cd单一及复合污染对黑麦草根分泌物及根际Zn、Cd形态的影响[J].环境科学, 2007, 28(9):187-193.XU Wei-hong, WANG Hong-xin, LIU Huai, et al. Effects of individual and combined pollution of Cd and Zn on root exudates and rhizosphere Zn and Cd fractions in ryegrass(Loliurn perenne L.)[J]. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(9):187-193.
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