国外种子园研究热点及对我国营建高世代种子园的启示
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摘要
综述近年来国际林联(IUFRO)关于种子园建设和经营管理方面的研究报告,以及2017年林木种子园国际会议讨论热点,认为目前关于种子园的研究重点主要反映在种子园管理策略与遗传增益、近交控制与交配系统的监控、种子园病虫害防治与促进开花结实、基因组时代林木育种的机遇和挑战等4个方面。根据先进国家种子园建设的经验,对我国发展高世代种子园提出4点建议:(1)科学制订高世代长期育种策略,组建育种群体,应特别重视重要遗传材料的利用;(2)进一步改善高世代种子园内的亲本配置;(3)加强风媒种子园交配系统的监测与调控;(4)重视种子园的树体管理与病虫害防控。
This paper reviewed the information from IUFRO seed orchard conference 2017 and related literatures and suggestions to developing advanced-generation seed orchard in China. The topics of the meeting mainly focused on the following four aspects: the new situation and challenges of seed orchard management,the function exertion of seed orchard and the monitoring of mating system. Monitoring and control of seed orchard pests and diseases; new challenges have been meet by tree breeding in the genomic era. In this paper,the present situations of the second generation seed orchard in China were analyzed,and some suggestions to the development of advanced generation seed orchard were put forward as following:(1)a proper breeding strategy should be put forward,and to establish well designed breeding populations is in urgent;(2) improving the seed orchard design should be considered in the advanced-generation;(3) efforts put on the monitoring and control of mating system in open-pollination seed orchard;(4)the applied technologies of tree form and plant height,pests and pathogens control were mostly demanded during in seed orchard management.
This paper reviewed the information from IUFRO seed orchard conference 2017 and related literatures and suggestions to developing advanced-generation seed orchard in China. The topics of the meeting mainly focused on the following four aspects: the new situation and challenges of seed orchard management,the function exertion of seed orchard and the monitoring of mating system. Monitoring and control of seed orchard pests and diseases; new challenges have been meet by tree breeding in the genomic era. In this paper,the present situations of the second generation seed orchard in China were analyzed,and some suggestions to the development of advanced generation seed orchard were put forward as following:(1)a proper breeding strategy should be put forward,and to establish well designed breeding populations is in urgent;(2) improving the seed orchard design should be considered in the advanced-generation;(3) efforts put on the monitoring and control of mating system in open-pollination seed orchard;(4)the applied technologies of tree form and plant height,pests and pathogens control were mostly demanded during in seed orchard management.
引文
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[6]苏顺德,肖晖,林文龙,等.马尾松第2代种子园营建关键技术[J].福建林业科技,2013,40(4):45-50,104.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-7351.2013.04.01.SU S D,XIAO H,LIN W L,et al. Key techniques of establishment of the 2nd-generation seed orchard of Pinus massoniana[J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2013,40(4):45-50,104.
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[8]杨培华,樊军锋,刘永红,等.油松第2代无性系种子园营建技术[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(2):157-160. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-0756.2005.02.006.YANG P H,FAN J F,LIU Y H,et al. Techniques of constructing the second generation clone-orchards of Pinus tabulaeformis[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2005,22(2):157-160.
[9]袁虎威,梁胜发,符学军,等.山西油松第二代种子园亲本选择与配置设计[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(3):47-54.DOI:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20150370.YUAN H W,LIANG S F,FU X J,et al. Parental selection and deployment design in the second-generation seed orchard of Chinese pine in Shanxi Province[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(3):47-54.
[10]邹滨,胡德活,阮梓材,等.杉木第2代种子园效果分析[J].华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(4):13-16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-411X.2003.04.004.ZOU B,HU D H,RUAN Z C,et al. Study on the effects in the second-generation orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University(Natural Sciences Edition),2003,24(4):13-16.
[11]ZOBEL B J,WEIR R J,JETT J B. Breeding methods to produce progeny for advanced-generation selection and to evaluate parent trees[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1972,2(3):339-345.DOI:10.1139/x72-052.
[12]ZOBEL B J,TALBERT J. Applied forest tree improvement[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1984.
[13]BURDON R D,SHELBOURNE C J. Breeding populations for recurrent selection:conflicts and possible solutions[J]. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science,1971,1:174-193.
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[15] BURDON R D,NAMKOONG G. Multiple populations and sublines[J].Silvae Genetica,1983,32:221-222.
[16]LOWE W J,VAN BUIJTENEN J P. The development of a sublining system in an operational tree improvement program[C]//WEIR B. Proceedings of IUFRO conference on breeding theory,progeny testing and seed orchards,1986.
[17]WHITE T. Advanced generation breeding populations:size and structure[C]//Proceedings of the IUFRO conference S2.02-08:breeding tropical trees-resolving tropical forest resource concerns through tree improvement,gene conservation and domestication of new species. Cali,Colombia,1992.
[18]RUOTSALAINEN S,LINDGREN D. Stratified sublining:a new option for structuring breeding populations[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2000,30(4):596-604.
[19]游应天,薛申伯,管长岭,等.林木良种繁育策略[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1992.
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[21]王章荣.高世代种子园营建的一些技术问题[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):8-10. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2012.01.002.WANG Z R. Techniques on establishment and management of advanced-generation seed orchard[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2012,36(1):8-10.
[22]王章荣.林木高世代育种原理及其在我国的应用[J].林业科技开发,2012,26(1):1-5. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-8101.2012.01.001.WANG Z R. The principle and application of advanced generation breeding of forest tree in China[J]. China Forestry Science and Technology,2012,26(1):1-5.
[23]MCKEAND E S,CUMBIE P,JETT J B. Economic returns from intensive management of loblolly pine seed orchards in the Southeastern Unites States[C]//KANG K S,HWANG J.Proceedings IUFRO seed orchard conference,2009.
[24]郑勇平,孙鸿有,董汝湘,等.杉木不同世代不同类型种子园遗传改良增益研究[J].林业科学,2007,43(3):20-27.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1001-7488.2007.03.004.ZHENG Y P,SUN H Y,DONG R X,et al. A study on realized and genetic gains of different generations and types in seed orchards of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2007,43(3):20-27.
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