杭州湾灰鳖洋海域秋季鱼类资源状况及其多样性分析
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摘要
根据2015年10月、2017年10月在杭州湾灰鳖洋海域开展的渔业资源调查中所获得的鱼类资源资料,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、数量分布、优势种、ABC曲线、生物多样性等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)共鉴定出鱼类33种,隶属于9目15科25属;(2)2015年与2017年秋季鱼类重量密度分别为10.85 kg·km~(-2)和47.12 kg·km~(-2),尾数密度分别为4.92×10~3 ind·km~(-2)和10.06×10~3 ind·km~(-2),2017年鱼类重量、尾数密度均高于2015年;(3)2个年份鱼类资源密度的平面分布特征呈相似的规律,密度较高的站位集中在调查海域东南部海区附近,并呈现东南部海域明显高于西北部海域的趋势;(4)2个年份优势种均为龙头鱼,属于小型低值鱼类;(5)2个年份秋季鱼类总种类数变化较为小,均以沿岸浅海附近种类较多,且北部海域呈现自西向东逐渐减少的趋势;(6)ABC曲线显示,杭州湾灰鳖洋海域的鱼类群落处于严重干扰的状态;(7)鱼类生物多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)、丰富度指数(D)2017秋季均高于2015秋季。
Based on the data of fishery resource surveys in October, 2015 and October, 2017 in Huibieyang sea area of Hangzhou bay, we studied the species composition, quantitative distribution, dominant species variatio, ABC curve and biodiversity. The results showed:(1) A total of 33 fish species were identified during fishery resource surveys, which belonged to 25 genera in 15 families of 9 orders.(2) The biomass of fish in the autumn of in this two years were 10.85 kg·km~(-2) and 47.12 kg·km~(-2), respectively. The number abundance density of fish in the autumn of each year were 4.92 ×10~3 ind·km~(-2) and 10.06×10~3 ind·km~(-2), respectively.(3)The spatial distribution of fish resources density was generally similar in this two years. The high resources density sites located near the southeastern sea area. Besides, the density of south-east sea area was obviously higher than that of the north-west sea area.(4) The dominant species in both years was the Harpodon nehereus,a small and low-value fishes.(5) The total number of fish species changed slightly in autumn in two years.There are more species near the coastal shallow sea, and its trend of the northern sea area was decreasing gradually from west to east.(6) TheABC curve showed that the fish community was in a state of serious disturbance in Huibieyang sea area of Hangzhou bay.(7) The Shannon-Weaver(H′), Pielou(J′) and Margalef(D) in the autumn of 2017 were higher than that in 2015.
Based on the data of fishery resource surveys in October, 2015 and October, 2017 in Huibieyang sea area of Hangzhou bay, we studied the species composition, quantitative distribution, dominant species variatio, ABC curve and biodiversity. The results showed:(1) A total of 33 fish species were identified during fishery resource surveys, which belonged to 25 genera in 15 families of 9 orders.(2) The biomass of fish in the autumn of in this two years were 10.85 kg·km~(-2) and 47.12 kg·km~(-2), respectively. The number abundance density of fish in the autumn of each year were 4.92 ×10~3 ind·km~(-2) and 10.06×10~3 ind·km~(-2), respectively.(3)The spatial distribution of fish resources density was generally similar in this two years. The high resources density sites located near the southeastern sea area. Besides, the density of south-east sea area was obviously higher than that of the north-west sea area.(4) The dominant species in both years was the Harpodon nehereus,a small and low-value fishes.(5) The total number of fish species changed slightly in autumn in two years.There are more species near the coastal shallow sea, and its trend of the northern sea area was decreasing gradually from west to east.(6) TheABC curve showed that the fish community was in a state of serious disturbance in Huibieyang sea area of Hangzhou bay.(7) The Shannon-Weaver(H′), Pielou(J′) and Margalef(D) in the autumn of 2017 were higher than that in 2015.
引文
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[12]曹东阳,俞存根,周青松,等.舟山渔场普陀山附近海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].福建水产,2015,37(5):353-362.
[13]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[14]唐峰华,沈新强,王云龙.海州湾附近海域渔业资源的动态分析[J].水产科学,2011,30(6):335-341.
[15]PINKAS L,OLIPHANT M S,IVERSON I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna and bonito in California waters[J].FishBulletin,1971,152:1-105.
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[17]孙儒泳,李庆芬,牛翠娟,等.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[18]CLARKE K R,WARWICK R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[M].2nd ed.Plymouth:PRIMPER-E,2001.
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[23]林龙山.东海区龙头鱼数量分布及其环境特征[J].上海海洋大学学报,2009,18(1):66-71.
[24]徐汉祥.跨世纪东海渔业资源利用和管理若干问题的探讨[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2000,19(3):197-203.
[25]魏永杰,王晓波,张海波,等.2004~2010年夏季杭州湾鱼类浮游生物种类组成与数量分布[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(4):501-508.
[26]王益烽.杭州湾南岸镇海段水下岸坡冲淤动态研究[D].舟山:浙江海洋大学,2017.
[27]刘光生,吴修广.近十年灰鳖洋动力地貌演变特征研究[J].泥沙研究,2015(3):42-48.
[28]夏陆军,周青松,俞存根,等.乐清湾口海域春秋季鱼类群落多样性研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(2):68-75.
[29]韩婵,高春霞,田思泉,等.淀山湖鱼类群落结构多样性的年际变化[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(3):403-410.
[30]WARWICK R M.A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities[J].Marine Biology,1986,92(4):557-562.
[31]苗露,俞存根,周青松,等.舟山渔场普陀山附近海域鱼类群落结构特征研究[J].水产科技情报,2017,44(3):131-137.
[32]国家环境保护局水生生物监测手册编委会.水生生物监测手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1993.
[2]邓小艳,俞存根,水玉跃,等.舟山近岸海域春秋季鱼类种类组成及其数量时空分布[J].生态科学,2018,37(1):10-19.
[3]程家骅,丁峰元,李圣法,等.夏季东海北部近海鱼类群落结构变化[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(5):775-781.
[4]何贤保,俞存根,郑基,等.浙江灰鳖洋渔场春秋季渔业生物多样性[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2012,31(6):473-481.
[5]谢旭,俞存根,周青松,等.杭州湾海域春、秋季鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(3):656-663.
[6]CHANGNN,SHIAOJ C,GONGGC.Diversity of demersal fish in the East China Sea:Implication of eutrophication and fishery[J].Continental Shelf Research,2012,47:42-54.
[7]KISHIDA S,KITAJIMA T.On the species area relation and diversity of demersal fishes in the East China Sea[J].Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory,1980,55:53-63.
[8]OTAKI H.Demersal fish resources in the East China and Yellow seas[J].Marine Behaviour and Physiology,1993,22(4):195-269.
[9]郑献之,俞存根,郑基,等.舟山黄大洋海域春夏季鱼类种类组成和分布特征[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2012,31(2):114-122.
[10]叶深,俞存根,周青松,等.舟山崎头洋海域春秋季鱼类种类组成及数量分布[J].福建水产,2014,36(1):35-46.
[11]钟毅飞,俞存根,周青松,等.舟山渔场宁波-舟山港海域春秋季鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2016,35(1):1-7.
[12]曹东阳,俞存根,周青松,等.舟山渔场普陀山附近海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].福建水产,2015,37(5):353-362.
[13]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[14]唐峰华,沈新强,王云龙.海州湾附近海域渔业资源的动态分析[J].水产科学,2011,30(6):335-341.
[15]PINKAS L,OLIPHANT M S,IVERSON I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna and bonito in California waters[J].FishBulletin,1971,152:1-105.
[16]俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展.东海蟹类群落结构特征的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2005,36(3):213-220.
[17]孙儒泳,李庆芬,牛翠娟,等.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[18]CLARKE K R,WARWICK R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[M].2nd ed.Plymouth:PRIMPER-E,2001.
[19]MARGALEF R.Information theory in ecology[J].General systematics,1958(3):36-71.
[20]LUDWING J A,REYNOLDS J F.Statistical Ecology[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1988.
[21]PIELOU E C.Ecological diversity[M].New York:Wiley,1975.
[22]陈大刚,张美昭.中国海洋鱼类[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2015.
[23]林龙山.东海区龙头鱼数量分布及其环境特征[J].上海海洋大学学报,2009,18(1):66-71.
[24]徐汉祥.跨世纪东海渔业资源利用和管理若干问题的探讨[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2000,19(3):197-203.
[25]魏永杰,王晓波,张海波,等.2004~2010年夏季杭州湾鱼类浮游生物种类组成与数量分布[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(4):501-508.
[26]王益烽.杭州湾南岸镇海段水下岸坡冲淤动态研究[D].舟山:浙江海洋大学,2017.
[27]刘光生,吴修广.近十年灰鳖洋动力地貌演变特征研究[J].泥沙研究,2015(3):42-48.
[28]夏陆军,周青松,俞存根,等.乐清湾口海域春秋季鱼类群落多样性研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(2):68-75.
[29]韩婵,高春霞,田思泉,等.淀山湖鱼类群落结构多样性的年际变化[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(3):403-410.
[30]WARWICK R M.A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities[J].Marine Biology,1986,92(4):557-562.
[31]苗露,俞存根,周青松,等.舟山渔场普陀山附近海域鱼类群落结构特征研究[J].水产科技情报,2017,44(3):131-137.
[32]国家环境保护局水生生物监测手册编委会.水生生物监测手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1993.
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