不同深度淹水下南荻幼苗生长和生理特性室内模拟研究
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摘要
以南荻(Triarrhena lularioriparia)幼苗为实验材料,设置了淹水深度为0 cm、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm、40 cm、50 cm、淹没植株(南荻植株全部没于水下)的实验组以及对照组(常规浇水,土壤水分含量为45%),从2017年5月3日～6月1日,在室内进行30 d实验,研究淹水对南荻幼苗生长和生理特征的影响。研究结果表明,随着淹水深度的增加,南荻的生长减缓甚至停滞,叶片数减少,水下叶片变黄、变薄,并生出不定根;南荻叶片的抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量都呈现单峰型变化;当淹水深度为20～30 cm时,实验结束时,南荻叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性最大,分别为153.52 U/(g·min)、1 139.17 U/(g·min)和63.61 U/(g·min);当淹水深度为10 cm时,实验结束时,南荻叶片的丙二醛含量最大,为113.77 nmol/g;当淹水深度为30 cm时,南荻叶片的可溶性蛋白含量最小,为1.00 mg/g;与淹水前相比,淹水后的南荻根系活力减弱,并随着淹水深度的增加不断减弱,在淹没条件下,南荻根系活力最弱。
In order to research the effect of waterlogging on growth and physiological index of Triarrhena lularioriparia seedlings, Triarrhena lularioriparia seedlings were collected from the typical distribution area of the Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve as experimental materials. We selected rhizome with well-distributed size for pre-cultivation before experiment, and set up 8 waterlogging conditions: 0 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, completely submerged and control(normal watering) group. The plant heights, leaf numbers, relative Chlorophyll contents, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde, soluble protein, and root activity of Triarrhena lularioriparia seedlings were measured after 30 days from May 3 to June 1, 2017. The results showed that waterlogging had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Triarrhena lularioriparia. The plant growth rates were slow or even stagnant with the increase of water depth. The leaf numbers were reduced, underwater leaves turned yellow and plants produced adventitious roots. The antioxidative enzyme system of Triarrhena lularioriparia responded to waterlogging. With the increase of water depth, the activities of enzymes and malondialdehyde contents all showed single-peak pattern change. In the end of the experiment, the activities of enzymes reached maximums at 20-30 cm depth respectively which were 153.52 U/(g· min), 1 139.17 U/(g· min) and 63.61 U/(g· min). Malondialdehyde contents reached maximum at 10 cm which was 113.77 nmol/g. The change of soluble protein content had a trend first decreased then increased, which reached minimum of 1.00 mg/g at 30 cm. The root activity which after waterlogging decreased significantly compared with that before waterlogging, and it gradually decreased with the increase of water depth, and reached the minimum at the completely submerged condition.
In order to research the effect of waterlogging on growth and physiological index of Triarrhena lularioriparia seedlings, Triarrhena lularioriparia seedlings were collected from the typical distribution area of the Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve as experimental materials. We selected rhizome with well-distributed size for pre-cultivation before experiment, and set up 8 waterlogging conditions: 0 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, completely submerged and control(normal watering) group. The plant heights, leaf numbers, relative Chlorophyll contents, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde, soluble protein, and root activity of Triarrhena lularioriparia seedlings were measured after 30 days from May 3 to June 1, 2017. The results showed that waterlogging had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Triarrhena lularioriparia. The plant growth rates were slow or even stagnant with the increase of water depth. The leaf numbers were reduced, underwater leaves turned yellow and plants produced adventitious roots. The antioxidative enzyme system of Triarrhena lularioriparia responded to waterlogging. With the increase of water depth, the activities of enzymes and malondialdehyde contents all showed single-peak pattern change. In the end of the experiment, the activities of enzymes reached maximums at 20-30 cm depth respectively which were 153.52 U/(g· min), 1 139.17 U/(g· min) and 63.61 U/(g· min). Malondialdehyde contents reached maximum at 10 cm which was 113.77 nmol/g. The change of soluble protein content had a trend first decreased then increased, which reached minimum of 1.00 mg/g at 30 cm. The root activity which after waterlogging decreased significantly compared with that before waterlogging, and it gradually decreased with the increase of water depth, and reached the minimum at the completely submerged condition.
引文
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[22]吴海英,曹昀,国志昌,等.淹水胁迫对虉草幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物,2017,3737(9):1161-1167.
[23]张乖乖,余厚平,韩乃鹏.水淹胁迫下空心莲子草的光合和荧光特征及其生理和生态响应[J].湿地科学,2018,1616(1):73-78.
[24]李雪,金研铭,郭太君,等.连续水淹胁迫对雪柳叶片部分生理指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,(12):54-57.
[2]刘云峰,秦洪文,石雷,等.水淹对水芹叶片结构和光系统Ⅱ光抑制的影响[J].植物学报,2010,4545(4):426-434.
[3]Vartapetian B B,Jackson M B.Plant Adaptations to Anaerobic Stress[J].Annals of Botany,1997,799(suppl_1):3-20.
[4]潘澜,薛立.植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2012,3131(10):2662-2672.
[5]Sena Gomes A R,Kozlowski T T.Effects of flooding on growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E.globules seedlings[J].Oecologia,1980,4646(2):139-142.
[6]Islam M A,Macdonald S E.Ecophysiological adaptations of black spruce(Picea mariana)and tamarack(Larix laricina)seedlings to flooding[J].Trees-Struct Funct,2004,1818(1):35-42.
[7]Qinfen Li,Weibing Du,Zhian Li,et al.Heavy metals accumulation in mining area's Miscanthus sinensis populations and its relationship with soil characters[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,2525(3):255-221.
[8]Han P,Wu G,Wu Y Q,et al.Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland[J].Water Science&Technology,2010,6262(10):2459-2466.
[9]Wang Q H,Duan L S,Wu J Y,et al.Growth vitality and pollutants-removal ability of plants in constructed wetland in Beijing region[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.2008,1919(5):1131-1137.
[10]邹振华,党宁,王惠群,等.不同氮素水平对营养生长期南荻植株光合特性的影响[J].作物研究,2012,2626(3):255-259.
[11]黄平,左海涛,韩烈保,等.拔节期水分胁迫对荻生长和生物质特性的影响[J].草地学报,2007,1515(2):153-157.
[12]魏娟,肖亮,易自力,等.低温和植物生长物质对南荻种子萌发的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,411(6):616-620.
[13]李莎莎,艾辛,龙卫,等.南荻衰老的形态和生理生化特征的研究[J].草地学报,2015,2323(1):215-218.
[14]杜希夷.能源植物南荻抗寒性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[15]陈少风.荻属系统学研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.
[16]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[17]谭淑端,朱明勇,张克荣,等.植物对水淹胁迫的响应与适应[J].生态学杂志,2009,2828(9):1871-1877.
[18]卢妍.湿地植物对淹水条件的响应机制[J].自然灾害学报,2010,1919(4):147-151.
[19]Fukao T,Yeung E,Bailey-Serres J.The submergence tolerance gene SUB1 a delays leaf senescence under prolonged darkness through hormonal regulation in rice[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,160160(4):1795-1807.
[20]罗祺,张纪林,郝日明,等.水淹胁迫下10个树种某些生理指标的变化及其耐水淹能力的比较[J].植物资源与环境学报,2007,1616(1):69-73.
[21]于同泉,秦岭,陈静,等.水分胁迫对板栗幼苗抗氧化酶及丙二醛的影响[J].北京农学院学报,1996,(1):48-52.
[22]吴海英,曹昀,国志昌,等.淹水胁迫对虉草幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物,2017,3737(9):1161-1167.
[23]张乖乖,余厚平,韩乃鹏.水淹胁迫下空心莲子草的光合和荧光特征及其生理和生态响应[J].湿地科学,2018,1616(1):73-78.
[24]李雪,金研铭,郭太君,等.连续水淹胁迫对雪柳叶片部分生理指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2013,(12):54-57.
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