厌氧膜生物反应器出水生物脱氮技术研究
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摘要
为解决AnMBR(厌氧膜生物反应器)出水NH_4~+脱除的问题,提出利用AnMBR出水中残余CODCr、溶解性CH4以及低价态硫元素,通过构建缺氧滤池和好氧滤池进行生物异养和硫自养脱氮的方法,进一步削减AnMBR出水CODCr、去除溶解性CH4、同时同步生物脱氮.结果表明:①缺氧滤池与好氧滤池经过120 d单独驯化与33 d串联驯化后,在HRT(hydraulic retention time,水力停留时间)为6 h、进水为实际AnMBR出水的工况条件下,出水ρ(TN)为17. 93 mg/L,去除率为52. 7%;出水ρ(NH_4~+-N)为2. 78 mg/L,去除率为92. 3%,达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准.在HRT为8 h工况条件下,出水ρ(TN)为14. 60 mg/L,去除率为59. 0%;出水ρ(NH_4~+-N)为2. 22 mg/L,去除率为93. 7%,达到GB 18918—2002一级A标准.②脱氮滤池中氮脱除路径主要包括残余CODCr异养反硝化、溶解性CH4异养反硝化和硫自养反硝化,并通过物料衡算评价了三者对于氮脱除的贡献,在HRT为6 h的工况条件下,脱氮滤池脱氮过程中残余CODCr异养反硝化、溶解性CH4异养反硝化和硫自养反硝化三者占比分别为54. 1%、24. 3%和21. 5%;在HRT为8 h的工况条件下,脱氮滤池脱氮过程中3种途径占比分别为70. 4%、13. 8%和15. 8%.研究显示,脱氮滤池可以实现对AnMBR出水的低耗生物脱氮以及整体水质的达标排放.
A biological filter(anoxic filter combined with aerobic filter) was used for the removal of nitrogen in anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR) effluent. The anoxic and aerobic filter(A/O) were used for biological nitrogen removal using the residual CODCrin AnMBR effluent,dissolved methane and low-valence sulfur. The results demonstrated that after the anoxic filter and aerobic filter were separately acclimated for 120 d and then connected in series for further acclimation for 33 d using the real AnMBR effluent,the effluent TN of the biological filter was 17. 93 mg/L with 52. 7% removal rate at HRT = 6 h with AnMBR effluent being the influent,which met the municipal wastewater discharge level B standard(GB 18918-2002). The effluent NH4+-N of denitrification filter was 2. 78 mg/L with92. 3% removal. When HRT was set to 8 h,the effluent TN of the biological filter was 14. 60 mg/L with 59. 0% removal,which reached the municipal wastewater discharge GB 18918-2002 level A standard. Effluent NH4+-N of the biological filter was 2. 22 mg/L with 93. 7%removal. Meanwhile, nitrogen removal routes including residual CODCrheterotrophic denitrification, dissolved CH4 heterotrophic denitrification and sulfur autotrophic denitrification were discussed and the contribution of each route was calculated by mass balance analysis. It was found that the contribution of these three nitrogen removal routes were 54. 1%,24. 3% and 21. 5% respectively at HRT =6 h,and 70. 4%,13. 8% and 15. 8% respectively at HRT = 8 h. The results show that the anoxic and aerobic filter can remove the nitrogen in AnMBR effluent to meet the discharge standard with low consumption.
A biological filter(anoxic filter combined with aerobic filter) was used for the removal of nitrogen in anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR) effluent. The anoxic and aerobic filter(A/O) were used for biological nitrogen removal using the residual CODCrin AnMBR effluent,dissolved methane and low-valence sulfur. The results demonstrated that after the anoxic filter and aerobic filter were separately acclimated for 120 d and then connected in series for further acclimation for 33 d using the real AnMBR effluent,the effluent TN of the biological filter was 17. 93 mg/L with 52. 7% removal rate at HRT = 6 h with AnMBR effluent being the influent,which met the municipal wastewater discharge level B standard(GB 18918-2002). The effluent NH4+-N of denitrification filter was 2. 78 mg/L with92. 3% removal. When HRT was set to 8 h,the effluent TN of the biological filter was 14. 60 mg/L with 59. 0% removal,which reached the municipal wastewater discharge GB 18918-2002 level A standard. Effluent NH4+-N of the biological filter was 2. 22 mg/L with 93. 7%removal. Meanwhile, nitrogen removal routes including residual CODCrheterotrophic denitrification, dissolved CH4 heterotrophic denitrification and sulfur autotrophic denitrification were discussed and the contribution of each route was calculated by mass balance analysis. It was found that the contribution of these three nitrogen removal routes were 54. 1%,24. 3% and 21. 5% respectively at HRT =6 h,and 70. 4%,13. 8% and 15. 8% respectively at HRT = 8 h. The results show that the anoxic and aerobic filter can remove the nitrogen in AnMBR effluent to meet the discharge standard with low consumption.
引文
[1]许颖,夏俊林,黄霞.厌氧膜生物反应器污水处理技术的研究现状与发展前景[J].膜科学与技术,2016,36(4):139-149.
[2]梅晓洁,王志伟,马金星,等.膜-生物反应器污泥缺氧反硝化过程中SMP的形成[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1784-1791.MEI Xiaojie,WANG Zhiwei,MA Jinxing,et al. Formation of SMP during denitrification under anoxic conditions in a membrane bioreactor[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(10):1784-1791.
[3] HUANG B,WANG H C,CUI D,et al.Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containingβ-lactams antibiotics by a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,341:238-247.
[4] HO J H,SUNG S H.Methanogenic activities in anaerobic membrane bioreactors(AnMBR)treating synthetic municipal wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(7):2191-2196.
[5] WANG W,YANG Q,ZHENG S,et al. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)for bamboo industry wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,149(12):292-300.
[6] LEW B,TARRE S,BELIAVSKI M,et al. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)for domestic wastewater treatment[J].Desalination,2009,243(1):251-257.
[7] CHANG I S,LEE C H. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system:the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling[J].Desalination,1998,120(3):221-233.
[8] OZGUN H,DERELI R K,ERSAHIN M E,et al. A review of anaerobic membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment:integration options,limitations and expectations[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2014,44(50):89-104.
[9]桑军强,王占生.低温条件下生物陶粒反应器运行特性研究[J].环境科学,2003,24(2):112-115.SANG Junqiang,WANG Zhansheng. Performance of bio-ceramic reactor at low temperature[J]. Environmental Science,2003,24(2):112-115.
[10]刘国庆,桑军强,张锡辉,等.低温下生物陶粒反应器去除水源水中NH4+-N的研究[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(6):644-647.LIU Guoqing,SANG Junqiang,ZHANG Xihui,et al. Studies on the removal of NH4+-N in raw water with bio-ceramic reactor under the condition of low temperature[J]. China Environmental Science,2003,23(6):644-647.
[11]程丽,王鹤立,KENNETH P,等.颗粒载体生物滴滤床处理低浓度污水对比试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(2):117-120.CHENG Li,WANG Heli,KENNETH P,et al.Comparative study on low-concentration organic wastewater treatment using particle carrier biotrickling filter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2009,32(2):117-120.
[12]万琼,吴仪,王信,等.海绵铁和陶粒填料生物膜净化微污染河水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2017,43(11):34-40.
[13]江子建,陈秀荣,许孔耀,等.陶粒改性对生物膜特性及除污效能的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(3):56-59.JIANG Zijian,CHEN Xiurong,XU Kongyao,et al. Modified ceramsite on the biofilm characteristics and the influence of the decontamination efficiency[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2016,39(3):56-59.
[14]李晓斌,曹文平.混合载体生物膜反应器污水净化及微生物种群特性研究[J].工业水处理,2017,37(6):60-64.LI Xiaobin,CAO Wenping.Research on the wastewater purification characteristics of the combinedcarrier biomembrane reactor and microbial population features[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2017,37(6):60-64.
[15]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[16] KAMYSHNY A,BORKENSTEIN C G,FERDELMAN T G.Protocol for quantitative detection of elemental sulfur and polysulfide zerovalent sulfur distribution in natural aquatic samples[J].Geostandards&Geoanalytical Research,2010,33(3):415-435.
[17] MIUR Y,HATAKEYAMA M,HOSINO T,et al. Rapid ion chromatography of L-ascorbic acid,nitrite,sulfite,oxalate,iodide and thiosulfate by isocratic elution utilizing a postcolumn reaction with cerium(Ⅳ)and fluorescence detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2002,956(1):77-84.
[18] LEE Y W,CHUNG J.Bioproduction of hydrogen from food waste by pilot-scale combined hydrogen/methane fermentation[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2010,35(21):11746-11755.
[19] SATAR I. Immobilized Mix-culture reactor(IMcR)for hydrogen and methane production from glucose[J].Energy,2017,139:1188-1196.
[20] STRONG P J,MCDONALD B, GAPES D J. Enhancing denitrification using a carbon supplement generated from the wet oxidation of waste activated sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(9):5533-5540.
[21]文湘华,王建龙,等.环境生物技术原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:432-435
[22] RHEE G Y,FUHS G W.Wastewater denitrification with one-carbon compounds as energy source[J]. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1978,50(9):2111-2119.
[23] COSTA C,DIJKEMA C,FRIEDRICH M,et al.Denitrification with methane as electron donor in oxygen-limited bioreactors[J].Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,2000,53(6):754-62.
[24] MODIN O,FUKUSHI K,NAKAJIMA F,et al. Performance of a membrane biofilm reactor for denitrification with methane[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(17):8054-8060.
[25] SOLLO F W,MUELLER H F,LARSON T E. Denitrification of wastewater effluents with methane[J]. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1976,48(7):1840-1842.
[26] OSKAR M,KENSUKE F,KAZUO Y. Denitrification with methane as external carbon source[J]. Water Research,2007,41(12):2726-2738.
[27] MOON H S,CHANG S W,NAM K,et al.Effect of reactive media composition and co-contaminants on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification[J]. Environmental Pollution,2006,144(3):802-807.
[28]袁莹,周伟丽,王晖,等.不同电子供体的硫自养反硝化脱氮试验研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1835-1844.YUAN Ying,ZHOU Weili,WANG Hui,et al.Study on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification with different electron donors[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(5):1835-1844.
[29] CAMPOS J L,CARVALHO S,PORTELA R,et al. Kinetics of denitrification using sulphur compounds:effects of S/N ratio,endogenous and exogenous compounds[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(5):1293-1299.
[30]陈川.自养菌-异养菌协同反硝化脱硫工艺的运行与调控策略[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[2]梅晓洁,王志伟,马金星,等.膜-生物反应器污泥缺氧反硝化过程中SMP的形成[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1784-1791.MEI Xiaojie,WANG Zhiwei,MA Jinxing,et al. Formation of SMP during denitrification under anoxic conditions in a membrane bioreactor[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(10):1784-1791.
[3] HUANG B,WANG H C,CUI D,et al.Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containingβ-lactams antibiotics by a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,341:238-247.
[4] HO J H,SUNG S H.Methanogenic activities in anaerobic membrane bioreactors(AnMBR)treating synthetic municipal wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(7):2191-2196.
[5] WANG W,YANG Q,ZHENG S,et al. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)for bamboo industry wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,149(12):292-300.
[6] LEW B,TARRE S,BELIAVSKI M,et al. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)for domestic wastewater treatment[J].Desalination,2009,243(1):251-257.
[7] CHANG I S,LEE C H. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system:the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling[J].Desalination,1998,120(3):221-233.
[8] OZGUN H,DERELI R K,ERSAHIN M E,et al. A review of anaerobic membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment:integration options,limitations and expectations[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2014,44(50):89-104.
[9]桑军强,王占生.低温条件下生物陶粒反应器运行特性研究[J].环境科学,2003,24(2):112-115.SANG Junqiang,WANG Zhansheng. Performance of bio-ceramic reactor at low temperature[J]. Environmental Science,2003,24(2):112-115.
[10]刘国庆,桑军强,张锡辉,等.低温下生物陶粒反应器去除水源水中NH4+-N的研究[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(6):644-647.LIU Guoqing,SANG Junqiang,ZHANG Xihui,et al. Studies on the removal of NH4+-N in raw water with bio-ceramic reactor under the condition of low temperature[J]. China Environmental Science,2003,23(6):644-647.
[11]程丽,王鹤立,KENNETH P,等.颗粒载体生物滴滤床处理低浓度污水对比试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(2):117-120.CHENG Li,WANG Heli,KENNETH P,et al.Comparative study on low-concentration organic wastewater treatment using particle carrier biotrickling filter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2009,32(2):117-120.
[12]万琼,吴仪,王信,等.海绵铁和陶粒填料生物膜净化微污染河水试验研究[J].水处理技术,2017,43(11):34-40.
[13]江子建,陈秀荣,许孔耀,等.陶粒改性对生物膜特性及除污效能的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(3):56-59.JIANG Zijian,CHEN Xiurong,XU Kongyao,et al. Modified ceramsite on the biofilm characteristics and the influence of the decontamination efficiency[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2016,39(3):56-59.
[14]李晓斌,曹文平.混合载体生物膜反应器污水净化及微生物种群特性研究[J].工业水处理,2017,37(6):60-64.LI Xiaobin,CAO Wenping.Research on the wastewater purification characteristics of the combinedcarrier biomembrane reactor and microbial population features[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2017,37(6):60-64.
[15]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[16] KAMYSHNY A,BORKENSTEIN C G,FERDELMAN T G.Protocol for quantitative detection of elemental sulfur and polysulfide zerovalent sulfur distribution in natural aquatic samples[J].Geostandards&Geoanalytical Research,2010,33(3):415-435.
[17] MIUR Y,HATAKEYAMA M,HOSINO T,et al. Rapid ion chromatography of L-ascorbic acid,nitrite,sulfite,oxalate,iodide and thiosulfate by isocratic elution utilizing a postcolumn reaction with cerium(Ⅳ)and fluorescence detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2002,956(1):77-84.
[18] LEE Y W,CHUNG J.Bioproduction of hydrogen from food waste by pilot-scale combined hydrogen/methane fermentation[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2010,35(21):11746-11755.
[19] SATAR I. Immobilized Mix-culture reactor(IMcR)for hydrogen and methane production from glucose[J].Energy,2017,139:1188-1196.
[20] STRONG P J,MCDONALD B, GAPES D J. Enhancing denitrification using a carbon supplement generated from the wet oxidation of waste activated sludge[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102(9):5533-5540.
[21]文湘华,王建龙,等.环境生物技术原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:432-435
[22] RHEE G Y,FUHS G W.Wastewater denitrification with one-carbon compounds as energy source[J]. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1978,50(9):2111-2119.
[23] COSTA C,DIJKEMA C,FRIEDRICH M,et al.Denitrification with methane as electron donor in oxygen-limited bioreactors[J].Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology,2000,53(6):754-62.
[24] MODIN O,FUKUSHI K,NAKAJIMA F,et al. Performance of a membrane biofilm reactor for denitrification with methane[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(17):8054-8060.
[25] SOLLO F W,MUELLER H F,LARSON T E. Denitrification of wastewater effluents with methane[J]. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1976,48(7):1840-1842.
[26] OSKAR M,KENSUKE F,KAZUO Y. Denitrification with methane as external carbon source[J]. Water Research,2007,41(12):2726-2738.
[27] MOON H S,CHANG S W,NAM K,et al.Effect of reactive media composition and co-contaminants on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification[J]. Environmental Pollution,2006,144(3):802-807.
[28]袁莹,周伟丽,王晖,等.不同电子供体的硫自养反硝化脱氮试验研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1835-1844.YUAN Ying,ZHOU Weili,WANG Hui,et al.Study on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification with different electron donors[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(5):1835-1844.
[29] CAMPOS J L,CARVALHO S,PORTELA R,et al. Kinetics of denitrification using sulphur compounds:effects of S/N ratio,endogenous and exogenous compounds[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(5):1293-1299.
[30]陈川.自养菌-异养菌协同反硝化脱硫工艺的运行与调控策略[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
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