PM_(2.5)中丙二醛的检测、浓度特征及氧化损伤的研究
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摘要
以和田市城区2014年采集的大气PM_(2.5)样品为实验对象,将0.1 g的PM_(2.5)样品膜与2-硫代巴比妥酸(0.2%)和三氯乙酸(20%)混合显色液反应,用可见光分光光度计测定反应产物的吸光度,通过正交实验来优化PM_(2.5)膜中丙二醛(MDA)的提取及测定条件,结果表明,在反应温度90℃、超声和加热时间40 min、显色剂用量为45 mL时,反应产物在532 nm处具有稳定的最大吸收峰。对和田市城区PM_(2.5)及MDA质量浓度的变化特征分析结果表明,和田市城区4个季节PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度由高到低顺序分别为春季(1 096.67±369.60)μg/m~3、夏季(1 016.16±708.00)μg/m~3、秋季(686.88±525.00)μg/m~3和冬季(214.54±94.70)μg/m~3。MDA平均质量浓度的变化范围为1.10～7.75 ng/m~3,其平均值最高为夏季(4.43±1.80)ng/m~3,最低为春季(1.42±0.60)ng/m~3,冬季与秋季相当,分别为(2.93±0.70)ng/m~3和(2.83±0.80)ng/m~3;最终,将PM_(2.5)膜中MDA的质量浓度与相应的TD_(30)(体外DNA氧化损伤达到30%的剂量)进行相关性分析得出,无论是全样还是水样的TD_(30)值均随MDA浓度的升高而呈降低的趋势。其中,全样与MDA质量浓度的相关性更为显著(r=-0.597,显著性P<0.01)。
Taking the atmospheric PM_(2.5) samples as the experimental object, which were collected in Hotan city in 2014. Optimized the extraction condition of malondialdehyde(MDA) in PM_(2.5). The visible Spectrophotometer was used to determine the reaction product, which PM_(2.5) sample membrane(0.1 g) was mixed with 2-thiobarbital acid(0.2%) and trichloroacetic acid(20%). The results shown that, the optimum condition: temperature is 90 ℃, the ultrasonic time and heating time is 40 min, and the dosage of chromogenic agent is 45 mL. The concentration of PM_(2.5) from high to low order is spring(1 096.67±369.60) μg/m~3, summer(1 016.16±708.00) μg/m~3, autumn(686.88±525.00) μg/m~3 and winter(214.54±94.70) μg/m~3, respectively. The MDA concentration range is 1.10～7.75 ng/m~3, and the average value was the highest in summer(4.43±1.80) ng/m~3, lowest in spring(1.42±0.60) ng/m~3, similar seasonal patterns of winter and autumn(2.93±0.70) ng/m~3 and(2.83±0.80) ng/m~3. The correlation with MDA concentration and TD_(30 )value(toxic dosages of PM_(2.5) causing 30% of plasmid DNA damage) analysis showed that both the whole or water soluble fraction TD_(30) values were decrease with the increase of MDA concentration, the whole fraction showed a notable negative correlation with MDA(r=-0.597, P<0.01).
Taking the atmospheric PM_(2.5) samples as the experimental object, which were collected in Hotan city in 2014. Optimized the extraction condition of malondialdehyde(MDA) in PM_(2.5). The visible Spectrophotometer was used to determine the reaction product, which PM_(2.5) sample membrane(0.1 g) was mixed with 2-thiobarbital acid(0.2%) and trichloroacetic acid(20%). The results shown that, the optimum condition: temperature is 90 ℃, the ultrasonic time and heating time is 40 min, and the dosage of chromogenic agent is 45 mL. The concentration of PM_(2.5) from high to low order is spring(1 096.67±369.60) μg/m~3, summer(1 016.16±708.00) μg/m~3, autumn(686.88±525.00) μg/m~3 and winter(214.54±94.70) μg/m~3, respectively. The MDA concentration range is 1.10～7.75 ng/m~3, and the average value was the highest in summer(4.43±1.80) ng/m~3, lowest in spring(1.42±0.60) ng/m~3, similar seasonal patterns of winter and autumn(2.93±0.70) ng/m~3 and(2.83±0.80) ng/m~3. The correlation with MDA concentration and TD_(30 )value(toxic dosages of PM_(2.5) causing 30% of plasmid DNA damage) analysis showed that both the whole or water soluble fraction TD_(30) values were decrease with the increase of MDA concentration, the whole fraction showed a notable negative correlation with MDA(r=-0.597, P<0.01).
引文
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[10] 宋健侃.浅析沙尘天气对和田市大气污染的影响及对策[J].干旱环境监测,2003,17(4):227-229.SONG Jiankan.Impact and Countermeasure of Sanddust Weather on Air Pollution in Hetian City[J].Arid Environmental Monitorin,2003,17(4):227-229.
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[12] 郭宇宏,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,康宏,等.新疆部分城市可吸入颗粒物的浓度及粒径分布[J].环境科学与技术,2012(增刊2):240-244.GUO Yuhong,DILNUR Talip,KANG Hong,et al.The Size Distribution of Fine Particle Matters in Some Cities in Xinjiang[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012(Supplement 2):240-244.
[13] 周晶.新疆和田地区沙尘对居民健康影响的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2011.
[14] 赵效国,周晶,王旗,等.新疆南部两城市沙尘天气对成人健康的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(10):887-889.ZHAO Xiaoguo,ZHOU Jing,WANG Qi,et al.Effects of Dust Event on Adults Health in Southern Xinjiang[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2011,28(10):887-889.
[15] 周琪,梁运祥.动物肝组织中丙二醛含量测定方法的改进[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(1):224-225.ZHOU Qi,LIANG Yunxiang.Improvement of Determination Method of MDA Content in Animal Liver Tissue[J].Lishizhen Med Mater Med Research,2010,21(1):224-225.
[16] 孙群.肉制品脂类氧化:硫代巴比妥酸试验测定醛类物质[J].食品科学,2002,23(8):331-334.SUN Qun.Meat Products of Lipid Oxidation:Thiobarbituric Acid Test for Determination of Aldehydes[J].Food Science,2002,23(8):331-334.
[17] 杨貌端.食用油脂中过氧化脂质的快速测定法[J].食品与发酵工业,1994(3):57-59.YANG Maorui.Rapid Determination of LPO in Edible Oils and Fats[J].Food and Fermention Industries,1994(3):57-59.
[18] 时宗波,邵龙义,JONES T P,等.城市大气可吸人颗粒物对质粒DNA 的氧化性损伤[J].科学通报,2004,49(7):673-678.SHI Zongpo,SHAO Longyi,JONES T P,et al.Oxidative Damage of Plasmid A to D Damage can be Caused by Inhalation of Human Particulates in Urban Atmosphere[J].Science Bulletin,2004,49(7):673-678.
[19] 苏都尔·克热木拉,胡颖,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,等.乌鲁木齐大气 PM2.5对质粒DNA的损伤研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):786-792.KEREMULA Suduer,HU Ying,TALIFU Dilinuer,et al.A Toxicological Assessment of PM2.5 in Urumqi Based on Plasmid DNA Assay[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):786-792.
[20] 胡颖,邵龙义,沈蓉蓉.北京市PM2.5对DNA的氧化性损伤规律分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(10):1 863-1 868.HU Ying,SHAO Longyi,SHEN Rongrong.Analysis of Oxidative Capacity of PM2.5 in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(10):1 863-1 868.
[21] 李娟,杨维超,洪丽娟,等.PM2.5对BEAS-2B细胞脂质过氧化损伤作用[J].中国公共卫生,2014,30(11):1 389-1 391.LI Juan,YANG Weichao,HONG Lijuan,et al.Lipid Peroxidation Induced by PM2.5 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells[J].China Journal Public Health,2014,30(11):1 389-1 391.
[22] TARLADFIS B G,PEARSON A M,DUGAN L R JR.The Chemistry of the 2-Thiobarbituric Acid Test for the Determination of Oxidative Rancidity in Foods.I.Some Important Side Reactions[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists′ Society,1962,39(1):34-39.
[23] 肖正辉,邵龙义,张宁.兰州市大气PM10对质粒DNA的损伤[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):561-566.XIAO Zhenghui,SHAO Longyi,ZHANG Ning.A Toxicological Assessment of PM10 in Lanzhou:Results from Plasmid DNA Assay[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(6):561-566.
[24] GENG H,MENG Z Q,ZHANG Q X.Effects of Blowing sand Fineparticles on Plasma Membrane Permeability and Fluidity,and Intracellular Calcium Levels of Rat Alveolar Macrophages[J].Toxicology Letters,2005,157(2):129-137.
[2] LYU B,ZHANG B,BAI Y.A Systematic Analysis of PM2.5,in Beijing and Its Sources from 2000 to 2012[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,124:98-108.
[3] 徐小娟,李杏茹,王跃思,等.北京及周边城市一元脂肪酸大气颗粒物干沉降通量及来源分析研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(5):1 425-1 430.XU Xiaojuan,LI Xingru,WANG Yuesi,et al.Atmospheric Dry Deposition Flux and Sources of Monocarboxylic Acids in Beijing and Surrounding Cites[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(5):1 425-1 430.
[4] NIKI E.Lipid peroxidation:Physiological Levels and Dual Biological Effects[J].Free Radical Biology & Medicine,2009,47(5):469.
[5] MENDES R,CARDOSO C,PESTANA C.Measurement of Malondialdehyde in Fish:A Comparison Study Between HPLC Methods and the Traditional Spectrophotometric Test[J].Food Chemistry,2009,112(4):1 038-1 045.
[6] KISHIDA E,KAMURA A,TOKUMARU S,et al.Reevaluation of Malondialdehyde and Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances as Indexes of Autoxidation Based on Oxygen Consumption[J].J Agric Food Chem,1993,41(1):1-4.
[7] 何俊,赵增明,赵君,等.汉阳PM2.5对人胚胎干细胞来源的成纤维细胞的遗传毒性研究[J].毒理学杂志,2015(6):436-439.HE Jun,ZHAO Zengming,ZHAO Jun,et al.Study of Genotoxicity and Mechanism of DNA Damage on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Fibroblast Cell Caused by Hanyang PM2.5[J].Journal Toxicol,2015(6):436-439.
[8] 玉散·吐拉甫,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,王新明,等.极干旱地区沙尘与非沙尘天气 PM2.5 及所含金属元素的浓度特征分析[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(9):1 529-1 538.TURAP Yusan,TALIFU Dilinuer,WANG Xinming,et al.Elemental Characterization in PM2.5 During the Dust and Non-Dust Periods in the Extremely-Arid Areas[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2017,26(9):1 529-1 538
[9] 玉苏甫·阿布都拉,热依汗古丽,买买提阿布都拉,等.和田市能见度变化趋势及其与空气质量的关系[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2006,29(1):24-25.ABUDULA Yusufu,Reyihanguli,Maimaitiabudula,et al.Relationship Between Visibility Variational Trend and Air Quality in Hotan City[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2006,29(1):24-25.
[10] 宋健侃.浅析沙尘天气对和田市大气污染的影响及对策[J].干旱环境监测,2003,17(4):227-229.SONG Jiankan.Impact and Countermeasure of Sanddust Weather on Air Pollution in Hetian City[J].Arid Environmental Monitorin,2003,17(4):227-229.
[11] 薛江丽,李俊,张鑫,等.新疆春季两次沙尘暴过程中大气PM2.5元素组成特征分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(9):759-763.XUE Lijiang,LI Jun,ZHANG Xin,et al.Characteristics of Elemental Compositions of Ambient PM2.5 During Sandstorm in Spring in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010,27(9):759-763.
[12] 郭宇宏,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,康宏,等.新疆部分城市可吸入颗粒物的浓度及粒径分布[J].环境科学与技术,2012(增刊2):240-244.GUO Yuhong,DILNUR Talip,KANG Hong,et al.The Size Distribution of Fine Particle Matters in Some Cities in Xinjiang[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012(Supplement 2):240-244.
[13] 周晶.新疆和田地区沙尘对居民健康影响的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学,2011.
[14] 赵效国,周晶,王旗,等.新疆南部两城市沙尘天气对成人健康的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(10):887-889.ZHAO Xiaoguo,ZHOU Jing,WANG Qi,et al.Effects of Dust Event on Adults Health in Southern Xinjiang[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2011,28(10):887-889.
[15] 周琪,梁运祥.动物肝组织中丙二醛含量测定方法的改进[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(1):224-225.ZHOU Qi,LIANG Yunxiang.Improvement of Determination Method of MDA Content in Animal Liver Tissue[J].Lishizhen Med Mater Med Research,2010,21(1):224-225.
[16] 孙群.肉制品脂类氧化:硫代巴比妥酸试验测定醛类物质[J].食品科学,2002,23(8):331-334.SUN Qun.Meat Products of Lipid Oxidation:Thiobarbituric Acid Test for Determination of Aldehydes[J].Food Science,2002,23(8):331-334.
[17] 杨貌端.食用油脂中过氧化脂质的快速测定法[J].食品与发酵工业,1994(3):57-59.YANG Maorui.Rapid Determination of LPO in Edible Oils and Fats[J].Food and Fermention Industries,1994(3):57-59.
[18] 时宗波,邵龙义,JONES T P,等.城市大气可吸人颗粒物对质粒DNA 的氧化性损伤[J].科学通报,2004,49(7):673-678.SHI Zongpo,SHAO Longyi,JONES T P,et al.Oxidative Damage of Plasmid A to D Damage can be Caused by Inhalation of Human Particulates in Urban Atmosphere[J].Science Bulletin,2004,49(7):673-678.
[19] 苏都尔·克热木拉,胡颖,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,等.乌鲁木齐大气 PM2.5对质粒DNA的损伤研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):786-792.KEREMULA Suduer,HU Ying,TALIFU Dilinuer,et al.A Toxicological Assessment of PM2.5 in Urumqi Based on Plasmid DNA Assay[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):786-792.
[20] 胡颖,邵龙义,沈蓉蓉.北京市PM2.5对DNA的氧化性损伤规律分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(10):1 863-1 868.HU Ying,SHAO Longyi,SHEN Rongrong.Analysis of Oxidative Capacity of PM2.5 in Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(10):1 863-1 868.
[21] 李娟,杨维超,洪丽娟,等.PM2.5对BEAS-2B细胞脂质过氧化损伤作用[J].中国公共卫生,2014,30(11):1 389-1 391.LI Juan,YANG Weichao,HONG Lijuan,et al.Lipid Peroxidation Induced by PM2.5 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells[J].China Journal Public Health,2014,30(11):1 389-1 391.
[22] TARLADFIS B G,PEARSON A M,DUGAN L R JR.The Chemistry of the 2-Thiobarbituric Acid Test for the Determination of Oxidative Rancidity in Foods.I.Some Important Side Reactions[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists′ Society,1962,39(1):34-39.
[23] 肖正辉,邵龙义,张宁.兰州市大气PM10对质粒DNA的损伤[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(6):561-566.XIAO Zhenghui,SHAO Longyi,ZHANG Ning.A Toxicological Assessment of PM10 in Lanzhou:Results from Plasmid DNA Assay[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(6):561-566.
[24] GENG H,MENG Z Q,ZHANG Q X.Effects of Blowing sand Fineparticles on Plasma Membrane Permeability and Fluidity,and Intracellular Calcium Levels of Rat Alveolar Macrophages[J].Toxicology Letters,2005,157(2):129-137.
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