潇河流域降水的时空特征及其利用
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摘要
基于潇河流域23个雨量站1971—2011年的逐月降水数据,对区域内降水的时空分布特征以及水资源农业利用进行了分析。结果表明,近41 a来潇河流域的年降水量具有明显的年际变化特点,最大年降雨量是最小年的2.40倍,平均值为(462.1±90.57)mm,变异系数为16.9%,降雨递减率为5.39 mm/10 a;夏季、汛期降雨量分别为(277.37±79.88),(399.15±107.77)mm,分别占年降雨量的60.0%和86.37%,降雨递减率分别为7.28,5.35 mm/10 a;春、秋和冬季降水量分别占年降水量的14.5%,21.67%和2.9%,春秋季降雨有递增趋势,冬季为递减趋势。年尺度上降水量突变出现在1979,1997年,季节尺度上春、冬季降水突变出现在1982,2000年,夏季、汛期和秋季降水没有突变出现。在年尺度上降水的空间分布呈中间少、南北区域较多的"哑铃"状;降水的变化率与降水的空间分布具有相似性,但东南地区多为增加区,西北为减少区。并提出了服务于农业生产的降水量季节、年际调节的主要措施。
Based on monthly precipitation dataset from 23 precipitation stations from 1971 to 2011 in Xiaohe river basin, the paper analyzed on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the precipitation as well as water use in the area. The results showed that an obvious seasonal and interannual variations in annual precipitation of Xiaohe river basin was observed in the past 41 years. The maximum annual precipitation was 2.4 times of the minimum during the period, with a mean of(462.1±90.57)mm and a CV of 16.9%,and a decrease of 5.39 mm/10 a. In the summer and during the flooding season the precipitation were(277.37 ±79.88),(399.15 ±107.77)mm, respectively, accounting for 60.0% and 86.37% of the annual mean precipitation, and showing a decrease trend of 7.28,5.35 mm/10 a. The precipitation in the spring, autumn and winter accounted for 14.5%, 21.67% and 2.9% of the annual mean precipitation, with a increase trend in spring, autumn, but decrease in winter. At annual scale, two abrupt changes in the precipitation occurred in 1979 and 1997, and at seasonal scale it did in 1982 and 2000 in the spring and winter precipitation, but no abrupt change of rainfall was found in summer, flood season and autumn. In the space distribution of the precipitation more ones located on the north and south and less one was in the middle part of the area, showing a dumbbell shape. It was very similar for the spatial distribution of the precipitation changing rate with that of the precipitation. Some measures of control seasonal and interannual variability for agricultural production were put forward.
Based on monthly precipitation dataset from 23 precipitation stations from 1971 to 2011 in Xiaohe river basin, the paper analyzed on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the precipitation as well as water use in the area. The results showed that an obvious seasonal and interannual variations in annual precipitation of Xiaohe river basin was observed in the past 41 years. The maximum annual precipitation was 2.4 times of the minimum during the period, with a mean of(462.1±90.57)mm and a CV of 16.9%,and a decrease of 5.39 mm/10 a. In the summer and during the flooding season the precipitation were(277.37 ±79.88),(399.15 ±107.77)mm, respectively, accounting for 60.0% and 86.37% of the annual mean precipitation, and showing a decrease trend of 7.28,5.35 mm/10 a. The precipitation in the spring, autumn and winter accounted for 14.5%, 21.67% and 2.9% of the annual mean precipitation, with a increase trend in spring, autumn, but decrease in winter. At annual scale, two abrupt changes in the precipitation occurred in 1979 and 1997, and at seasonal scale it did in 1982 and 2000 in the spring and winter precipitation, but no abrupt change of rainfall was found in summer, flood season and autumn. In the space distribution of the precipitation more ones located on the north and south and less one was in the middle part of the area, showing a dumbbell shape. It was very similar for the spatial distribution of the precipitation changing rate with that of the precipitation. Some measures of control seasonal and interannual variability for agricultural production were put forward.
引文
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[20]孟玮.潇河流域水资源可持续利用对策研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2014.
[21]庞力驰.潇河流域降水时空特征及地表径流模拟[D].太原:山西大学,2016.
[2] JIANG J M,YOU X T. Where and when did an abrupt climatic change occur in China during the last 43 years?[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology,1996,55(1):33-39.
[3]陈峪,高歌,任国玉,等.中国十大流域近40多年降水量时空变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):637-643.
[4]庞爱萍,李春晖,杨志峰,等.近50年黄河流域降水变化的时空特征[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(4):420-423,336.
[5]杨萍果,郑峰燕.汾河流域50年降水量时空变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(12):108-111.
[6]赵学敏,胡彩虹,吴泽宁,等.汾河流域降水及旱涝时空结构特征[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(3):349-354.
[7]赵学敏,胡彩虹,张丽娟,等.汾河流域降水变化趋势的气候分析[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(1):53-59.
[8]刘宇峰,孙虎,原志华,等.汾河流域汛期降水序列的多时间尺度分析[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(6):121-125.
[9]刘杰,郭东罡.沁源县农业水生态足迹与水资源承载力动态特征分析[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(6):970-975,1008.
[10]李英明,潘军峰.山西河流[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:28-41.
[11]庞力驰,李洪建,高宗强,等.基于SWAT模型的潇河流域地表径流模拟研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(1):158-164.
[12]褚来和.潇河流域水利工程规划布局[J].人民黄河,2007,29(6):69.
[13]黄群.中国近50年降水和湿度资料均一性检验及订正研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2007.
[14]江志红,黄群,李庆祥.近50年中国降水序列均一性检验与订正研究[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(1):67-74.
[15]郭小芹,刘明春,钱莉,等.从Mann-Kendall特征看石羊河流域降水量的演变规律[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(4):593-599.
[16]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.
[17]牛存稳,张利平,夏军.华北地区降水量的小波分析[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(1):66-70.
[18]孔令娜,向南平.基于Arc GIS的降水量空间插值方法研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2012,35(3):123-126.
[19]梁晓峰.浅析潇河灌区现状困境与发展出路[J].山西农业科学,2007,35(7):76-79.
[20]孟玮.潇河流域水资源可持续利用对策研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2014.
[21]庞力驰.潇河流域降水时空特征及地表径流模拟[D].太原:山西大学,2016.
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