四川省不同天然种群珙桐叶片解剖结构与其耐热性的关系
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摘要
以四川省15个珙桐种群为试材,采用石蜡切片法、NaClO法观察叶片16项解剖结构,应用变异系数、聚类分析、相关性分析对叶片解剖结构进行筛选,利用隶属函数法对不同种群的耐热性进行综合评价,以期了解珙桐应对热胁迫的生理变化机制,为野生珙桐资源的保护及园林应用提供参考。结果表明:珙桐叶片为异面叶,气孔主要分布于下表皮。16项解剖结构指标在不同种群间达到极显著差异水平;栅海比、栅栏组织厚度、气孔密度、下表皮角质厚度、主脉凸起度、上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮细胞厚度是影响珙桐耐热性的主要解剖结构指标,叶厚度、海绵组织厚度、主脉厚度、上表皮细胞厚度、主脉维管束厚度、气孔长度、气孔宽度、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度与耐热性关系不大; 15个珙桐种群耐热性存在一定差异,其强弱顺序为:汉源>筠连>雷波>沐川>屏山>荥经>天全>美姑>平武>碧峰峡>北川>洪雅>宝兴>大邑>邛崃; 15个种群耐热性大致分为4类:汉源种群为耐热型,筠连、雷波、沐川等3个种群为中度耐热型,屏山、荥经、天全、美姑、平武、碧峰峡、北川为低耐热型,洪雅、宝兴、雷波、邛崃等4个种群为不耐热型。
In order to understand the heat resistance mechanism and the level of heat resistance of Dove tree(Davidia involucrata) populations in Sichuan Province,16 anatomical structures of 15 representative natural populations in Sichuan Province were investigated by paraffin section and NaClO. Moreover,coefficient of variation,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis were used to screen representative structures. The 16 anatomical structure indexes all reached a significant level difference among 15 natural populations(P < 0. 01),thickness ratio of palisade and spongy tissue,thickness of palisade tissue,stoma density,cuticle thickness of lower epidermis,protuberant degree of main vein,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis and thickness of lower epidermis were the main factors related to the heat resistance,while other indexes,such as leaf thickness,sponge tissue thickness,thickness of main vein,thickness of epidemic cell,thickness of vascular bundle in main vein stoma length,stoma width,tightness of leaf structure and looseness of leaf structures did not show much effect on heat resistance. There were some differences among 15 populations in heat resistance,and the descending order was Hanyuan,Junlian,Leibo,Muchuan,Pingshan,Yingjing,Tianquan,Meigu,Pingwu,Bifengxia,Beichuan,Hongya,Baoxing,Dayi,Qionglai. According to the heat hardiness,these populations could be divided into four groups,Hanyuan; Jun Lian,Leibo and Muchuan; Pingshan,Yingjing,Tianquan,Meigu,Pingwu,Bifengxia,Beichuan LR; and Hongya,Baoxing,Dayi,Qionglai.
In order to understand the heat resistance mechanism and the level of heat resistance of Dove tree(Davidia involucrata) populations in Sichuan Province,16 anatomical structures of 15 representative natural populations in Sichuan Province were investigated by paraffin section and NaClO. Moreover,coefficient of variation,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis were used to screen representative structures. The 16 anatomical structure indexes all reached a significant level difference among 15 natural populations(P < 0. 01),thickness ratio of palisade and spongy tissue,thickness of palisade tissue,stoma density,cuticle thickness of lower epidermis,protuberant degree of main vein,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis and thickness of lower epidermis were the main factors related to the heat resistance,while other indexes,such as leaf thickness,sponge tissue thickness,thickness of main vein,thickness of epidemic cell,thickness of vascular bundle in main vein stoma length,stoma width,tightness of leaf structure and looseness of leaf structures did not show much effect on heat resistance. There were some differences among 15 populations in heat resistance,and the descending order was Hanyuan,Junlian,Leibo,Muchuan,Pingshan,Yingjing,Tianquan,Meigu,Pingwu,Bifengxia,Beichuan,Hongya,Baoxing,Dayi,Qionglai. According to the heat hardiness,these populations could be divided into four groups,Hanyuan; Jun Lian,Leibo and Muchuan; Pingshan,Yingjing,Tianquan,Meigu,Pingwu,Bifengxia,Beichuan LR; and Hongya,Baoxing,Dayi,Qionglai.
引文
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2.陈艳,苏智先.中国珍稀濒危孑遗植物珙桐种群的保护[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5466-5474.Chen Y,Su Z X.Research on the protection of Davidia involucrata populations,a rare and endangered plant endemic to China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5466-5474.
3.徐刚标,禹玉婷,申响保.湘鄂西地区珙桐天然群体遗传结构的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2005,27(6):5-9.Xu G B,Yu Y T,Shen X B.Studies of genetic diversity of Dove trees(Davidia involucrata)in West Hunan and Hubei by RAPD[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2005,27(6):5-9.
4.李月琴,雷泞菲,徐莺,等.高温胁迫对珙桐叶片生理生化指标的影响[J].四川大学学报:自然科学版,2005,46(3):809-813.Li Y Q,Lei N F,Xu Y,et al.Effects of high tempereture stress on physiological and biochemical indicators of Davidia involucrata leaves[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Natural Science Edition,2009,46(3):809-813.
5.Tang C Q,Dong Y F,Herrando-Moraira S,et al.Potential effects of climate change on geographic distribution of the Tertiary relict tree species Davidia involucrata in China[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:43822.
6.郭学民,刘建珍,翟江涛,等.16个品种桃叶片解剖结构与树干抗寒性的关系[J].林业科学,2015,51(8):33-43.Guo X M,Liu J Z,Zhai J T,et al.Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and trunk cold resistance of 16peach cultivars[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2015,51(8):33-43.
7.IPCC.Climate change:The physical science basis[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2013.
8.任媛媛,刘艳萍,王念,等.9种屋顶绿化阔叶植物叶片解剖结构与抗旱性的关系[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(4):64-68.Ren Y Y,Liu Y P,Wang N,et al.The relationship between leaf anatomic structure and drought resistance of nine broad leaf plants[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,2014,38(4):64-68.
9.李瑞雪,金晓玲,胡希军,等.6种含笑属植物抗寒性分析与综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1464-1472.Li R X,Jin X L,Hu X J,et al.Analysis and comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance of six varieties of Michelia[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(5):1464-1472.
10.刘梦颖,刘光立,康永祥,等.高山植物全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片形态及解剖结构对海拔的响应[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(1):35-42.Liu M Y,Liu G L,Kang Y X,et al.Responses of leaf morphological and anatomical structure to elevation in an alpine plant Meconopsis integrifolia[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(1):35-42.
11.杨贺雨,卫海燕,桑满杰,等.华中五味子叶表型可塑性及环境因子对叶表型的影响[J].植物学报,2016,51(3):322-334.Yang H Y,Wei H Y,Sang M J,et al.Phenotypic plasticity of Schisandra sphenanthera leaf and the effect of environmental factors on leaf phenotype[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2016,51(3):322-334.
12.王凯红,凌家慧,张乐华,等.两种常绿杜鹃亚属幼苗耐热性的主成分及隶属函数分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2011,19(5):412-418.Wang K H,Ling J H,Zhang L H,et al.Analysis of principal components and subordinate function on heat tolerance of two seedlings of Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2011,19(5):412-418.
13.申惠翡,赵冰,徐静静,等.15个杜鹃花品种叶片解剖结构与植株耐热性的关系[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3895-3904.Shen H F,Zhao B,Xu J J,et al.Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and heat resistance of 15 Rhododendron cultivars[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(12):3895-3904.
14.昝丹丹,庄丽,黄刚,等.不同梭梭种群同化枝的解剖结构特征及其与生态因子的关系分析[J].西北植物学报,2016,32(2):309-315.Zan D D,Zhuang L,Huang G,et al.Relationship between anatomical differences and ecological factors of the assimilating shoots of Haloxylon ammodendron[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2016,32(2):309-315.
15.胡伟娟,张启翔,潘会堂,等.报春叶片解剖结构与耐热性的关系[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(3):363-368.Hu W J,Zhang Q X,Pan H T,et al.Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and heat resistance of Primula[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2010,29(3):363-368.
16.张宝华.聚焦植物石蜡切片制作[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2013,29(4):153-154.Zhang B H.Focus on the manufactures of paraffin section[J].Journal of Educational Institute of Jilin Province,2013,29(4):153-154.
17.张亚冰,王秀云,洪亚平.植物叶表皮制片方法改进[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12683,12689.Zhang Y B,Wang X Y,Hong Y P.Improvement of slices technique of plant epidermis[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(29):12683,12689.
18.钟悦鸣,董芳宇,王文娟,等.不同生境胡杨叶片解剖特征及其适应可塑性[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(10):53-61.Zhong Y M,Dong F Y,Wang W J,et al.Anatomical characteristics and adaptability plasticity of Populus euphratica in different habitats[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(10):53-61.
19.杨森,张晓飞,高新生,等.5个品系橡胶树叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性分析[J].热带生物学报,2017,8(3):301-306.Yang S,Zhang X F,Gao X S,et al.Leaf anatomical structure and drought resistance analysis of 5 rubber clones(Hevea brasiliensis)[J].Journal of Tropical Biology,2017,8(3):301-306.
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