土壤含水量、种植模式和丁香酚对土壤微生物种群结构的影响
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摘要
盆栽试验了田间持水量(45%、60%、75%)、种植模式和小麦根系分泌物丁香酚对小麦、蚕豆下土壤微生物种群结构的影响。结果表明:间作土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量较单作加权平均有所减少,但间作化感促进作用和土壤微生物多样性均大于单作加权平均,且丁香酚对单作小麦和小麦间作蚕豆土壤微生物数量表现出明显的化感促进作用,在丁香酚处理下间作土壤中3种菌类数量较单作加权平均分别提高95.9%、8.8%和99.6%,但对单作蚕豆土壤微生物数量表现为化感抑制作用;随着供水水平的增加,单作小麦化感促进作用增强,单作蚕豆化感抑制作用减弱,间作化感促进作用在60%相对含水量以下随供水水平增加而增强,超过60%后随供水水平增加而减弱。丁香酚处理下间作土壤微生物多样性指数在小麦拔节期、灌浆期和成熟期比单作加权平均提高74.3%、96.1%和134.0%,且在单作小麦和间作群体下在60%相对含水量以下随供水水平增加而提高,超过60%后随供水水平增加而降低,单作蚕豆则随供水水平增加而持续降低。因此,利用间作和灌水水平的控制可充分挖掘根系分泌物对土壤微生物数量和多样性的化感促进作用。
The pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water supply rate( field capacity 45%,60%and 75%) and Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl) on the soil microbial population under sole wheat,sole faba bean,and wheat-faba bean intercropping. The results showed that the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes under intercropping were lowered than the weighted mean value of two sole cropping systems. Whereas,the allelopathic promotion effect and soil microbial diversity index under intercropping were greater than the weighted mean of the two sole cropping systems. Besides,this study revealed an obvious allelopathic promotion effect of Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl) on the number of soil microbes under sole wheat and wheat-faba bean intercropping. Compared to the weighted mean of two sole cropping systems,the number of three soil microbes under intercropping was increased by 95.9%,8.8% and 99.6% in the action of Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl). Nevertheless,under sole faba bean,an obvious allelopathic inhibition effect was revealed. As increasing of the irrigation level,the allelopathic promotion effect of sole wheat was consistently improved,whereas the allelopathic inhibition effect of sole faba bean was consistently decreased. For wheat-faba bean intercropping,increasing irrigation level to 60% promoted the allelopathic promotion effect; however,exceed by 60%,continuously increasing of irrigation level decreased the allelopathic promotion effect. In terms of soil biodiversity index,it was improved by 74.3%,96.1% and 134.0% at wheat jointing,grain filling and maturity under intercropping compared to the weighted mean of two sole cropping systems in the action of Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl). In addition,the soil biodiversity index of sole wheat and wheatfaba bean intercropping both had threshold value of irrigation level at 60%,and increasing irrigation level to 60% increased the soil biodiversity index; while exceed by 60%,increasing irrigation level decreased the soil biodiversity index.For sole faba bean,increasing irrigation level consistently decreased the soil biodiversity index. Consequently,adopting intercropping and optimum irrigation level could facilitate the promotion effect of root exudates on the optimization of soil microbes quantities and biodiversity.
The pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water supply rate( field capacity 45%,60%and 75%) and Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl) on the soil microbial population under sole wheat,sole faba bean,and wheat-faba bean intercropping. The results showed that the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes under intercropping were lowered than the weighted mean value of two sole cropping systems. Whereas,the allelopathic promotion effect and soil microbial diversity index under intercropping were greater than the weighted mean of the two sole cropping systems. Besides,this study revealed an obvious allelopathic promotion effect of Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl) on the number of soil microbes under sole wheat and wheat-faba bean intercropping. Compared to the weighted mean of two sole cropping systems,the number of three soil microbes under intercropping was increased by 95.9%,8.8% and 99.6% in the action of Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl). Nevertheless,under sole faba bean,an obvious allelopathic inhibition effect was revealed. As increasing of the irrigation level,the allelopathic promotion effect of sole wheat was consistently improved,whereas the allelopathic inhibition effect of sole faba bean was consistently decreased. For wheat-faba bean intercropping,increasing irrigation level to 60% promoted the allelopathic promotion effect; however,exceed by 60%,continuously increasing of irrigation level decreased the allelopathic promotion effect. In terms of soil biodiversity index,it was improved by 74.3%,96.1% and 134.0% at wheat jointing,grain filling and maturity under intercropping compared to the weighted mean of two sole cropping systems in the action of Phenol,2-methoxy-4-( 4-propenyl). In addition,the soil biodiversity index of sole wheat and wheatfaba bean intercropping both had threshold value of irrigation level at 60%,and increasing irrigation level to 60% increased the soil biodiversity index; while exceed by 60%,increasing irrigation level decreased the soil biodiversity index.For sole faba bean,increasing irrigation level consistently decreased the soil biodiversity index. Consequently,adopting intercropping and optimum irrigation level could facilitate the promotion effect of root exudates on the optimization of soil microbes quantities and biodiversity.
引文
[1]Rice E L.Allelopathy[M].NewYork,USA:Academic Press,1984:1-50,309-315.
[2]王方琳,刘世增,尉秋实,等.骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)茎叶水浸液对黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)种子萌发与幼苗生长的化感作用[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):469-474.
[3]黄高宝,柴强,黄鹏.植物化感作用影响因素的再认识[J].草业学报,2005,14(2):16-22.
[4]Inderjit.Plant phenolics in allelopathy[J].Botanical Review,1996,62(2):186-202.
[5]Williamson G B,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[6]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发.根系分泌物的化感作用及其对土壤微生物的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1219-1226.
[7]Barkosky R R,Einhellig F A.Effects of salicylic acid on plantwater relationships[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19(2):237.
[8]Einhellig F A.Interaction involving allelopathy in cropping system[J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88(6):886-893.
[9]Einhellig F A,Eckrich P C.Interactions of temperature and ferulic acid stress on grain sorghum and soybeans[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1984,10(1):161-170.
[10]赵财,周海燕,柴强,等.不同供水水平下丁香酚和间作蚕豆对小麦根系生长的互作效应[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):133-139.
[11]Abdaoui F E.Allelopathic effects of ferulic,gallic,and vanillic acids on corn(Zea mays L.)[J].Dissertation Abstracts International:B Sciences&Engineering,1991,52(3):1169B.
[12]郑立龙,柴强.间作小麦,蚕豆的产量和竞争力对供水量和化感物质的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(4):745-749.
[13]张辉,黄鹏,柴强,等.不同供水水平下小麦根系分泌物及典型化感物质的生物学效应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(1):52-57.
[14]刘辉娟,柴强,黄高宝,等.丁香酚对小麦-蚕豆间作土壤微生物数量及多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(3):346-351.
[15]柴强.间甲酚对盆栽小麦间作蚕豆生产力及根重的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(4):109-112.
[16]罗照霞,柴强.不同供水水平下间甲酚和间作对小麦、蚕豆耗水特性及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1478-1482.
[17]李婷,张威,刘光琇,等.荒漠土壤微生物群落结构特征研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):329-338.
[18]赵辉,赵铭钦,程玉渊,等.土壤微生物影响因子研究综述[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(12):52-56.
[19]杨航宇,刘艳梅,王廷璞,等.生物土壤结皮对荒漠区土壤微生物数量和活性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):950-960.
[20]林雁冰,薛泉宏,颜霞.覆膜条件下小麦和玉米根系化感作用对土壤微生物的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(1):92-95.
[21]王银亚,李晨华,马健.开垦对荒漠土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):514-522.
[22]石万里,王辉,马维伟.沙区植被恢复对土壤微生物量及活性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):507-513.
[23]柴强,黄高宝.根系分泌物在不同播种模式中的化感效应研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2004,39(2):163-167.
[24]柴强,黄高宝,黄鹏.供水及间甲酚对小麦间作蚕豆土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1624-1628.
[25]Qasem J R,Abu-Irmaileh B E.Allelopathic effect of Salvia syriaca L.(Syrian sage)in wheat[J].Weed Research,1985,25(1):47-52.
[2]王方琳,刘世增,尉秋实,等.骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)茎叶水浸液对黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)种子萌发与幼苗生长的化感作用[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):469-474.
[3]黄高宝,柴强,黄鹏.植物化感作用影响因素的再认识[J].草业学报,2005,14(2):16-22.
[4]Inderjit.Plant phenolics in allelopathy[J].Botanical Review,1996,62(2):186-202.
[5]Williamson G B,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[6]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发.根系分泌物的化感作用及其对土壤微生物的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1219-1226.
[7]Barkosky R R,Einhellig F A.Effects of salicylic acid on plantwater relationships[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19(2):237.
[8]Einhellig F A.Interaction involving allelopathy in cropping system[J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88(6):886-893.
[9]Einhellig F A,Eckrich P C.Interactions of temperature and ferulic acid stress on grain sorghum and soybeans[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1984,10(1):161-170.
[10]赵财,周海燕,柴强,等.不同供水水平下丁香酚和间作蚕豆对小麦根系生长的互作效应[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):133-139.
[11]Abdaoui F E.Allelopathic effects of ferulic,gallic,and vanillic acids on corn(Zea mays L.)[J].Dissertation Abstracts International:B Sciences&Engineering,1991,52(3):1169B.
[12]郑立龙,柴强.间作小麦,蚕豆的产量和竞争力对供水量和化感物质的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(4):745-749.
[13]张辉,黄鹏,柴强,等.不同供水水平下小麦根系分泌物及典型化感物质的生物学效应[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(1):52-57.
[14]刘辉娟,柴强,黄高宝,等.丁香酚对小麦-蚕豆间作土壤微生物数量及多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2013,30(3):346-351.
[15]柴强.间甲酚对盆栽小麦间作蚕豆生产力及根重的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(4):109-112.
[16]罗照霞,柴强.不同供水水平下间甲酚和间作对小麦、蚕豆耗水特性及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1478-1482.
[17]李婷,张威,刘光琇,等.荒漠土壤微生物群落结构特征研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):329-338.
[18]赵辉,赵铭钦,程玉渊,等.土壤微生物影响因子研究综述[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(12):52-56.
[19]杨航宇,刘艳梅,王廷璞,等.生物土壤结皮对荒漠区土壤微生物数量和活性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):950-960.
[20]林雁冰,薛泉宏,颜霞.覆膜条件下小麦和玉米根系化感作用对土壤微生物的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(1):92-95.
[21]王银亚,李晨华,马健.开垦对荒漠土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):514-522.
[22]石万里,王辉,马维伟.沙区植被恢复对土壤微生物量及活性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):507-513.
[23]柴强,黄高宝.根系分泌物在不同播种模式中的化感效应研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2004,39(2):163-167.
[24]柴强,黄高宝,黄鹏.供水及间甲酚对小麦间作蚕豆土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1624-1628.
[25]Qasem J R,Abu-Irmaileh B E.Allelopathic effect of Salvia syriaca L.(Syrian sage)in wheat[J].Weed Research,1985,25(1):47-52.
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