生物炭滤池对污水处理厂尾水水质提标研究
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摘要
为将污水水质从一级B标提高到一级A标,文章通过搭建河砂滤池和生物炭滤池,分别考察了2组反应器在不同C/N比、厌氧/好氧高度比及表面水力负荷条件下对污染物去除效果的影响,并在较优参数条件下比较了2组反应器的提标效果。结果表明:适当提高进水C/N比、厌氧/好氧高度比以及降低表面水力负荷,均有利于提高2组反应器对污染物的去除效果。在较优工艺参数条件下,即C/N为6.30∶1,厌氧/好氧高度比为5∶5,表面水力负荷为0.13 cm~3/(cm~2·min),虽然2组反应器均能较好地将污水水质从一级B标提升至一级A标。对污染物的去除率而言,2#反应器均高于1#反应器,表明在河砂滤池内添加生物炭后,由于生物炭具有较大的比表面积和较强的离子交换能力,有助于提高反应器对污染物的去除效率。对2组反应器内的填料进行微生物镜检分析可知,反应器内形成了良好的微生态系统,后生动物主要以肉足虫、轮虫和线虫为主。
In order to improve the water quality from the Grade I B standard to the Grade I A standard, river sand filter and biochar filter were built, and the effects of two reactors on the removal efficiency of pollutants were investigated under different C/N ratio, anaerobic/aerobic height ratio and surface hydraulic load, and the two reactors on upgrading effects were also compared under the superior parameter conditions. The results showed that it was beneficial to improve the ratio of influent C/N, anaerobic/aerobic height and decrease surface hydraulic load to improve the removal rate of pollutants in the two reactors. Under the conditions of better process parameters, that was, the C/N ratio, the anaerobic/aerobic height ratio and the surface hydraulic load were 6.30∶1, 5∶5 and 0.13 cm~3/(cm~2·min), respectively, the two reactors could better improve the sewage water quality from the Grade I B standard to the Grade I A standard. However, for the removal rate of pollutants, the 2# reactor was higher than the 1# reactor, indicating that after adding biological carbon in the river sand filter, the biochar has a larger specific surface area and stronger ion exchange capacity, which helped to improve the efficiency of the reactor to remove the pollutants. Microbiological analysis of fillers in two reactors showed that a good microecosystem was formed in the reactor. Sarcodina, Rotifer and Nematode were the main metazoan species.
In order to improve the water quality from the Grade I B standard to the Grade I A standard, river sand filter and biochar filter were built, and the effects of two reactors on the removal efficiency of pollutants were investigated under different C/N ratio, anaerobic/aerobic height ratio and surface hydraulic load, and the two reactors on upgrading effects were also compared under the superior parameter conditions. The results showed that it was beneficial to improve the ratio of influent C/N, anaerobic/aerobic height and decrease surface hydraulic load to improve the removal rate of pollutants in the two reactors. Under the conditions of better process parameters, that was, the C/N ratio, the anaerobic/aerobic height ratio and the surface hydraulic load were 6.30∶1, 5∶5 and 0.13 cm~3/(cm~2·min), respectively, the two reactors could better improve the sewage water quality from the Grade I B standard to the Grade I A standard. However, for the removal rate of pollutants, the 2# reactor was higher than the 1# reactor, indicating that after adding biological carbon in the river sand filter, the biochar has a larger specific surface area and stronger ion exchange capacity, which helped to improve the efficiency of the reactor to remove the pollutants. Microbiological analysis of fillers in two reactors showed that a good microecosystem was formed in the reactor. Sarcodina, Rotifer and Nematode were the main metazoan species.
引文
[1]GB 18918-2002,城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准[S].GB 18918-2002,Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[S].
[2]孙晓杰,王嘉捷,赵孝芹,等.我国城市污水厂推行一级A标提标改造探讨[J].环境工程,2013,31(6):12-15.Sun Xiaojie,Wang Jiajie,Zhao Xiaoqin,et al.Discussion on upgrading reconstruction of municipal wastewater treatment plant in China[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(6):12-15.
[3]杨延鑫,黄光阳.高效纤维滤池在市政污水中的应用[J].环境工程,2015(33):132-133.Yang Yanxin,Huang Guangyang.The application of efficient fiber filter in the treatment of municipal sewage[J].Environmental Engineering,2015(33):132-133.
[4]郭二民,李海生,李明,等.传统过滤器改造连续动态过滤器的研究[J].环境科学研究,2005(5):56-58.Guo Ermin,Li Haisheng,Li Ming,et al.Study on change of traditional filter to continuous sand filter[J].Research of Environmental Science,2005(5):56-58.
[5]张小燕,王刚,郭华,等.Orbal氧化沟+深度处理在城镇污水处理厂中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2017(4):56-58.Zhang Xiaoyan,Wang Gang,Guo Hua,et al.Application of Orbal oxidation ditch and advanced treatment in municipal sewage treatment plant[J].China Water and Wastewater,2017(4):56-58.
[6]Hadi P,To M H,Hui C W,et al.Aqueous mercury adsorption by activated carbons[J].Water Research,2015,73(15):37-55.
[7]Beesley L,Moreno Jimenez E,Gomez Eyles J L,et al.Areview of biochars'potential role in the remediation,revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(12):3269-3282.
[8]邱鑫.生物活性炭填料反应器同步硝化反硝化硏究[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2016.Qiu Xin.Study on Denitrogenation Effect of Biological Activated Carbon Reactor in Process of Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification[D].Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,2016.
[9]王韦胜.磁性生物炭填料BAF处理城市生活污水的试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2016.Wang Weisheng.Experimental Investigation on Municipal Wastewater Treatment by BAF Packed with Magnetic Biochar[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2016.
[10]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and Exhausted Water Monitoring Analysis Method[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.
[11]纪晓娜,刘晶,左妍,等.RP-HPLC和麝香草酚法检测硝酸盐氮的比较[J].长春工程学院学报:自然科学版,2014,15(1):1-4.Ji Xiaona,Liu Jing,Zuo Yan,et al.Comparison on nitrate nitrogen by detections of RP-HPLC and thymol UV-Vis spectrophotometry[J].Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2014,15(1):1-4.
[12]孙鸿伟,郭英,尤永军,等.不同碳氮比(C/N)条件下驯化微生物的反硝化特性[J].环境化学,2014,33(5):770-775.Sun Hongwei,Guo Ying,You Yongjun,et al.Denitrification characteristic of microbial population tamed at different C/N ratios[J].Environment Chemistry,2014,33(5):770-775.
[13]Li K,Guo J S,Fang F,et al.Performance of one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal in a biofilm reactor with low C/Nratio[J].Environmental Technology,2015,36(16):1819-1827.
[14]Lin J Y,Zhang P Y,Li G P,et al.Effect of COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,113:74-79.
[15]Zou J T,Li J,Ni Y J,et al.Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2016,50:32-37.
[16]Dhamole P B,Nair R R,D’souza S F,et al.Simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrate in an airlift bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100:1082-1086.
[17]尹超,陆少鸣,李东,等.曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理高浓度氨氮原水[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(3):924-928.Yin Chao,Lu Shaomin,Li Dong,et al.Advanced treatment of raw water with high ammonia nitrogen by aeration-BACfilter[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(3):924-928.
[18]陈婧媛,朱秀慧,巩菲丽,等.碳源对硝化细菌的影响研究[J].燃料与化工,2012,43(5):41-42.Chen Jingyuan,Zhu Xiuhui,Gong Feili,et al.Study on effect of carbon source on nitrifying bacteria[J].Fuel&Chemical Processes,2012,43(5):41-42.
[19]Pelaz L,Gomez A,Garralon G,et al.Denitrification of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)effluent with alternative electron donors in domestic wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,243:1173-1179.
[20]Aran D,Antelo J,Fiol S,et al.Influence of feedstock on the copper removal capacity of waste-derived biochars[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,212:199-206.
[21]Wang Z H,Guo H Y,Shen F,et al.Biochar produced from oak sawdust by lanthanum(La)-involved pyrolysis for adsorption of ammonium(NH4+),nitrate(NO3-),and phosphate(PO43-)[J].Chemosphere,2015,119:646-653.
[22]马娟,宋相蕊,李璐.碳源对反硝化过程NO2-积累及出水pH值的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2556-2561.Ma Juan,Song Xiangrui,Li Lu.Effect of carbon source on nitrite accumulation and pH value of effluent during denitrification process[J],China Environmental Science,2014,34(10):2556-2561.
[23]席林.A2C氧化沟生物脱氮原理及其在城市污水处理厂的应用研究[D].成都:四川大学,2007.Xi Lin.Principle of Biological Denitrification of A2C Oxidation Ditch and Research on Its Application in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2007.
[24]Dong X L,Li G T,Lin Q M,et al.Quantity and quality changes of biochar aged for 5 years in soil under field conditions[J].Catena,2017,159:136-143.
[25]Liu Y X,Lu H H,Yang S M,et al.Impacts of biochar addition on rice yield and soil properties in a cold waterlogged paddy for two crop seasons[J].Field Crops Research,2016,191:161-167.
[26]王国惠.环境工程微生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.Wang Guohui.Microbiology of Environmental Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[2]孙晓杰,王嘉捷,赵孝芹,等.我国城市污水厂推行一级A标提标改造探讨[J].环境工程,2013,31(6):12-15.Sun Xiaojie,Wang Jiajie,Zhao Xiaoqin,et al.Discussion on upgrading reconstruction of municipal wastewater treatment plant in China[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(6):12-15.
[3]杨延鑫,黄光阳.高效纤维滤池在市政污水中的应用[J].环境工程,2015(33):132-133.Yang Yanxin,Huang Guangyang.The application of efficient fiber filter in the treatment of municipal sewage[J].Environmental Engineering,2015(33):132-133.
[4]郭二民,李海生,李明,等.传统过滤器改造连续动态过滤器的研究[J].环境科学研究,2005(5):56-58.Guo Ermin,Li Haisheng,Li Ming,et al.Study on change of traditional filter to continuous sand filter[J].Research of Environmental Science,2005(5):56-58.
[5]张小燕,王刚,郭华,等.Orbal氧化沟+深度处理在城镇污水处理厂中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2017(4):56-58.Zhang Xiaoyan,Wang Gang,Guo Hua,et al.Application of Orbal oxidation ditch and advanced treatment in municipal sewage treatment plant[J].China Water and Wastewater,2017(4):56-58.
[6]Hadi P,To M H,Hui C W,et al.Aqueous mercury adsorption by activated carbons[J].Water Research,2015,73(15):37-55.
[7]Beesley L,Moreno Jimenez E,Gomez Eyles J L,et al.Areview of biochars'potential role in the remediation,revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(12):3269-3282.
[8]邱鑫.生物活性炭填料反应器同步硝化反硝化硏究[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2016.Qiu Xin.Study on Denitrogenation Effect of Biological Activated Carbon Reactor in Process of Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification[D].Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,2016.
[9]王韦胜.磁性生物炭填料BAF处理城市生活污水的试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2016.Wang Weisheng.Experimental Investigation on Municipal Wastewater Treatment by BAF Packed with Magnetic Biochar[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2016.
[10]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and Exhausted Water Monitoring Analysis Method[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011.
[11]纪晓娜,刘晶,左妍,等.RP-HPLC和麝香草酚法检测硝酸盐氮的比较[J].长春工程学院学报:自然科学版,2014,15(1):1-4.Ji Xiaona,Liu Jing,Zuo Yan,et al.Comparison on nitrate nitrogen by detections of RP-HPLC and thymol UV-Vis spectrophotometry[J].Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2014,15(1):1-4.
[12]孙鸿伟,郭英,尤永军,等.不同碳氮比(C/N)条件下驯化微生物的反硝化特性[J].环境化学,2014,33(5):770-775.Sun Hongwei,Guo Ying,You Yongjun,et al.Denitrification characteristic of microbial population tamed at different C/N ratios[J].Environment Chemistry,2014,33(5):770-775.
[13]Li K,Guo J S,Fang F,et al.Performance of one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal in a biofilm reactor with low C/Nratio[J].Environmental Technology,2015,36(16):1819-1827.
[14]Lin J Y,Zhang P Y,Li G P,et al.Effect of COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2016,113:74-79.
[15]Zou J T,Li J,Ni Y J,et al.Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2016,50:32-37.
[16]Dhamole P B,Nair R R,D’souza S F,et al.Simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrate in an airlift bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100:1082-1086.
[17]尹超,陆少鸣,李东,等.曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理高浓度氨氮原水[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(3):924-928.Yin Chao,Lu Shaomin,Li Dong,et al.Advanced treatment of raw water with high ammonia nitrogen by aeration-BACfilter[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(3):924-928.
[18]陈婧媛,朱秀慧,巩菲丽,等.碳源对硝化细菌的影响研究[J].燃料与化工,2012,43(5):41-42.Chen Jingyuan,Zhu Xiuhui,Gong Feili,et al.Study on effect of carbon source on nitrifying bacteria[J].Fuel&Chemical Processes,2012,43(5):41-42.
[19]Pelaz L,Gomez A,Garralon G,et al.Denitrification of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)effluent with alternative electron donors in domestic wastewater treatment[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,243:1173-1179.
[20]Aran D,Antelo J,Fiol S,et al.Influence of feedstock on the copper removal capacity of waste-derived biochars[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,212:199-206.
[21]Wang Z H,Guo H Y,Shen F,et al.Biochar produced from oak sawdust by lanthanum(La)-involved pyrolysis for adsorption of ammonium(NH4+),nitrate(NO3-),and phosphate(PO43-)[J].Chemosphere,2015,119:646-653.
[22]马娟,宋相蕊,李璐.碳源对反硝化过程NO2-积累及出水pH值的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2556-2561.Ma Juan,Song Xiangrui,Li Lu.Effect of carbon source on nitrite accumulation and pH value of effluent during denitrification process[J],China Environmental Science,2014,34(10):2556-2561.
[23]席林.A2C氧化沟生物脱氮原理及其在城市污水处理厂的应用研究[D].成都:四川大学,2007.Xi Lin.Principle of Biological Denitrification of A2C Oxidation Ditch and Research on Its Application in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2007.
[24]Dong X L,Li G T,Lin Q M,et al.Quantity and quality changes of biochar aged for 5 years in soil under field conditions[J].Catena,2017,159:136-143.
[25]Liu Y X,Lu H H,Yang S M,et al.Impacts of biochar addition on rice yield and soil properties in a cold waterlogged paddy for two crop seasons[J].Field Crops Research,2016,191:161-167.
[26]王国惠.环境工程微生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.Wang Guohui.Microbiology of Environmental Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
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