乌兰布和沙漠植被数量分类及环境解释
|
摘要
植被与环境的关系研究一直是植被生态学研究的热点问题。应用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)方法对乌兰布和沙漠植物群落进行分类,应用典范对应分析(CCA)方法建立植物群落与地理位置、气候和土壤因子间的对应关系,以明确乌兰布和沙漠主要植物群落类型及影响群落变化和分布的主要环境因子。研究表明;乌兰布和沙漠天然植被由51科161属318种植物组成,可划分为30个群落类型。海拔、降水量以及土壤水分、粒度和养分是影响沙漠植被物种组成及其分布的主要因子。梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)、沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)等主要植物群落生境对应较高沙粒含量,分布范围广;盐爪爪(Kalidium spp.)、马蔺(Iris lactea)、柽柳(Tamarix spp.)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落生境对应较高的土壤水分、盐分和粘粒含量,属于小生境群落;油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落生境对应较高的降水量,分布于沙漠东部。因此,在乌兰布和沙漠生态保护与固沙植被建设中,应加强对土壤生境的保护,并针对不同区域的生境特点选择适宜的固沙植物及其恢复管理措施。
The relationship between vegetation and environment has always been a hot issue of vegetation ecology. In order to determine the main plant communities and the main environmental factors affecting the change and distribution of community types in Ulan Buh desert, TWINSPAN classification method was used to classify vegetation types, CCA correspondence analysis method was used to study the numerical relationship between vegetation communities and geographical location, climate and soil factors. Results showed that natural desert vegetation of Ulan Buh desert was composed of 318 species belonging to 161 genera and 51 families, which could be divided into 30 communities. The vegetation composition and distribution in Ulan Buh desert were the result of the comprehensive effects of geographical location, climate and soil factors, among which elevation, precipitation, soil moisture, soil particle size and soil nutrients were the main factors affecting the composition and distribution of desert vegetation. Haloxylon ammodendron, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Nitraria tangutorum, Artemisia desertorum, Agriophyllum squarrosum communities, et al. had the habitats with high soil sand content, and wide distribution regions. Kalidium spp., Iris lactea, Tamarix spp. and Phragmites australis communities had high soil water content, salt content and clay content, and distributed in some niches. Artemisia ordosica and Stipa glareosa communities had high precipitation, and distributed in the eastern desert. Based on the above research results, we should pay attention to the protection of soil habitats while strengthening vegetation protection, and select suitable sand-fixing plants and restoration measures for the different habitats in the ecological protection and sand-fixing vegetation construction of Ulan Buh desert.
The relationship between vegetation and environment has always been a hot issue of vegetation ecology. In order to determine the main plant communities and the main environmental factors affecting the change and distribution of community types in Ulan Buh desert, TWINSPAN classification method was used to classify vegetation types, CCA correspondence analysis method was used to study the numerical relationship between vegetation communities and geographical location, climate and soil factors. Results showed that natural desert vegetation of Ulan Buh desert was composed of 318 species belonging to 161 genera and 51 families, which could be divided into 30 communities. The vegetation composition and distribution in Ulan Buh desert were the result of the comprehensive effects of geographical location, climate and soil factors, among which elevation, precipitation, soil moisture, soil particle size and soil nutrients were the main factors affecting the composition and distribution of desert vegetation. Haloxylon ammodendron, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Nitraria tangutorum, Artemisia desertorum, Agriophyllum squarrosum communities, et al. had the habitats with high soil sand content, and wide distribution regions. Kalidium spp., Iris lactea, Tamarix spp. and Phragmites australis communities had high soil water content, salt content and clay content, and distributed in some niches. Artemisia ordosica and Stipa glareosa communities had high precipitation, and distributed in the eastern desert. Based on the above research results, we should pay attention to the protection of soil habitats while strengthening vegetation protection, and select suitable sand-fixing plants and restoration measures for the different habitats in the ecological protection and sand-fixing vegetation construction of Ulan Buh desert.
引文
[1]张峰,张金屯.我国植被数量分类和排序研究进展[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2000,23(3):278-282.
[2]庾晓红,李贤伟,白降丽.我国植被数量分析方法的研究概况和发展趋势[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):448-451.
[3]吴东丽,上官铁梁,张金屯,等.滹沱河流域湿地植被的数量分类和排序[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(4):648-654.
[4]张海燕,刘彬.博斯腾湖湖滨湿地植被数量分类与排序[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(1):36-43.
[5]张容,董廷发,邓晓保,等.西双版纳公顷样地热带森林植被数量分类与排序[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):347-352.
[6]Rolec'ek,Jan,TichLubomír,ZelenDavid,et al.Modified TWINSPAN classification in which the hierarchy respects cluster heterogeneity[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2009,20:596-602.
[7]He M Z,Zhang J G,Li X R,et al.Environmental factors affecting vegetation composition in the Alxa Plateau,China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2007,69:473-489.
[8]乌拉.乌兰布和沙漠植被及其保护[J].陕西林业科技,2007,23(4):133-137.
[9]马全林,袁宏波,张锦春,张德魁,等.乌兰布和沙漠植被[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,2018.
[10]刘芳.乌兰布和沙区的植物资源[J].内蒙古师大学报(自然科学版),2000,29(3):215-220.
[11]春喜,陈发虎,范育新,等.乌兰布和沙漠的形成与环境变化[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(6):927-931.
[12]吴冬秀.陆地生态系统生物观测规范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:22-25.
[13]吴征镒.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[14]张金屯.数量分类学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:178-239.
[15]Antoine G,Niklaus E Z.Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology[J].Ecological Modelling,2000,135:147-186.
[16]肖洪浪,李新荣,段争虎,等.流沙固定过程中土壤-植被系统演变[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(6):605-611.
[17]於刑,李克让,陶波,等.植被地理分布对气候变化的适应性研究[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(11):1326-1332.
[18]Cook J G,Irwin L L.Climate-vegetation relationships between the Great Plains and Great Basin[J].American Midland Naturalist,1992,127:316-326.
[19]Dodd M B,Lauenroth W K,Burke I C,et al.Association between vegetation patterns and soil texture in the shortgrass steppe[J].Plant Ecology,2002,158:127-137.
[20]Sala O E,Lauenroth W K,Golluscio R A.Plant functional types in temperate semiarid regions.217-233,in Smith TM,Shugart H H,Woodward F I(eds).Plant functional types[M].Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,1997.
[21]Dunkerley D.Hydrologic effects of dryland shrubs:defining the spatial extent of modified soil water uptake rates at an Australian desert site[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,45:159-172.
[22]Seybold C A,Herrick J E,Brejda J J.Soil resilience:a fundamental component of soil quality[J].Soil Science,1999,164:224-234.
[23]El-Ghani M M,El-Ghani A,Amer W M.Soil vegetation relationships in a coastal desert plain of southern Sinai,Egypt[J].Journal of Arid Environment,2003,55(3):1-22.
[24]Li X R,Ma F Y,Xiao H L,et al.Long-term effects of revegetation on soil water content of sand dunes in arid region of Northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,57:1-16.
[25]曾晓玲,刘彤,张卫宾,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部地下水位和水质变化对植被的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(5):1490-1501.
[2]庾晓红,李贤伟,白降丽.我国植被数量分析方法的研究概况和发展趋势[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):448-451.
[3]吴东丽,上官铁梁,张金屯,等.滹沱河流域湿地植被的数量分类和排序[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(4):648-654.
[4]张海燕,刘彬.博斯腾湖湖滨湿地植被数量分类与排序[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(1):36-43.
[5]张容,董廷发,邓晓保,等.西双版纳公顷样地热带森林植被数量分类与排序[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):347-352.
[6]Rolec'ek,Jan,TichLubomír,ZelenDavid,et al.Modified TWINSPAN classification in which the hierarchy respects cluster heterogeneity[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2009,20:596-602.
[7]He M Z,Zhang J G,Li X R,et al.Environmental factors affecting vegetation composition in the Alxa Plateau,China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2007,69:473-489.
[8]乌拉.乌兰布和沙漠植被及其保护[J].陕西林业科技,2007,23(4):133-137.
[9]马全林,袁宏波,张锦春,张德魁,等.乌兰布和沙漠植被[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,2018.
[10]刘芳.乌兰布和沙区的植物资源[J].内蒙古师大学报(自然科学版),2000,29(3):215-220.
[11]春喜,陈发虎,范育新,等.乌兰布和沙漠的形成与环境变化[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(6):927-931.
[12]吴冬秀.陆地生态系统生物观测规范[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:22-25.
[13]吴征镒.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[14]张金屯.数量分类学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:178-239.
[15]Antoine G,Niklaus E Z.Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology[J].Ecological Modelling,2000,135:147-186.
[16]肖洪浪,李新荣,段争虎,等.流沙固定过程中土壤-植被系统演变[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(6):605-611.
[17]於刑,李克让,陶波,等.植被地理分布对气候变化的适应性研究[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(11):1326-1332.
[18]Cook J G,Irwin L L.Climate-vegetation relationships between the Great Plains and Great Basin[J].American Midland Naturalist,1992,127:316-326.
[19]Dodd M B,Lauenroth W K,Burke I C,et al.Association between vegetation patterns and soil texture in the shortgrass steppe[J].Plant Ecology,2002,158:127-137.
[20]Sala O E,Lauenroth W K,Golluscio R A.Plant functional types in temperate semiarid regions.217-233,in Smith TM,Shugart H H,Woodward F I(eds).Plant functional types[M].Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,1997.
[21]Dunkerley D.Hydrologic effects of dryland shrubs:defining the spatial extent of modified soil water uptake rates at an Australian desert site[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,45:159-172.
[22]Seybold C A,Herrick J E,Brejda J J.Soil resilience:a fundamental component of soil quality[J].Soil Science,1999,164:224-234.
[23]El-Ghani M M,El-Ghani A,Amer W M.Soil vegetation relationships in a coastal desert plain of southern Sinai,Egypt[J].Journal of Arid Environment,2003,55(3):1-22.
[24]Li X R,Ma F Y,Xiao H L,et al.Long-term effects of revegetation on soil water content of sand dunes in arid region of Northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,57:1-16.
[25]曾晓玲,刘彤,张卫宾,等.古尔班通古特沙漠西部地下水位和水质变化对植被的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(5):1490-1501.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |