不同类型贝壳粉对土壤镉赋存形态的影响差异
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摘要
通过室内培养探究不同类型贝壳粉对土壤中不同形态镉含量的影响,向培养完成的土壤中施用3种添加比例的天然扇贝壳粉与蛏子壳粉,分别在第1,5,15,30,50天测定土壤pH及镉的各赋存形态含量。结果表明,添加文石型与方解石贝壳粉对土壤pH升高均有一定程度的贡献,施用2种贝壳粉后,随贝壳粉添加比例的增多土壤pH升高。不同种类贝壳粉处理的土壤pH差异不大,在50天后2种贝壳粉不同添加比例间差异最明显。在整个培养过程中,随培养天数的增加,添加不同类型贝壳粉均能使镉污染土壤可交换态镉含量下降,碳酸盐结合态镉、铁锰氧化物结合态镉、有机结合态镉与残渣态镉含量整体逐渐升高。其中,使用文石型贝壳粉作钝化剂较方解石型效果更佳。随着贝壳粉添加比例变大,可交换态镉向镉的其他赋有形态转化的程度越大。培养50天后,添加不同种类贝壳粉处理的土壤有效态镉含量同CK相比均显著降低。当添加文石型贝壳粉的比例为5%时,生物可利用态镉占总镉比例最低。施用文石型贝壳粉能比方解石型贝壳粉更好地降低土壤有效态镉的活性。
The effects of different types of shell powder on different forms of cadmium in soil were investigated through indoor culture. Three proportions of natural scallop shell powder and ascarid shell powder were applied to the soil after the culture. The soil pH and cadmium forms were measured on the 1 st, 5 th, 15 th, 30 th and 50 th days after the application of shell powder, respectively. The results showed that the addition of aragonite and calcite shell powder contributed to the increase of soil pH. After adding the two kinds of shell powder, the soil pH increased with the increasing of shell powder addition ratio. The pH value of soil treated with different kinds of shell powder was not different, and the difference in soil pH value was the most obvious among different addition ratios after 50 days. During the whole cultivation process, with the increasing of the culture days, shell powders could reduce the exchangeable cadmium content in the cadmium-contaminated soil, while the contents of carbonate-bound cadmium, iron-manganese oxides, organic-bound cadmium and residual cadmium increased gradually as a whole. Among them, the applying the aragonite shell powder as a passivating agent was more effective than the calcite type. As the proportion of shell powder increased, the exchangeable cadmium changed to other cadmium speciation was more. After 50 days of culture, the contents of available cadmium in soils treated with shell powder were significantly lower than that of CK. When the addition ratio of shell powder was 5%, the bioavailable cadmium accounted for the lowest proportion of total cadmium. The results showed that aragonite shell powder had better effect of reducing soil available cadmium activity than that of calcite shell powder.
The effects of different types of shell powder on different forms of cadmium in soil were investigated through indoor culture. Three proportions of natural scallop shell powder and ascarid shell powder were applied to the soil after the culture. The soil pH and cadmium forms were measured on the 1 st, 5 th, 15 th, 30 th and 50 th days after the application of shell powder, respectively. The results showed that the addition of aragonite and calcite shell powder contributed to the increase of soil pH. After adding the two kinds of shell powder, the soil pH increased with the increasing of shell powder addition ratio. The pH value of soil treated with different kinds of shell powder was not different, and the difference in soil pH value was the most obvious among different addition ratios after 50 days. During the whole cultivation process, with the increasing of the culture days, shell powders could reduce the exchangeable cadmium content in the cadmium-contaminated soil, while the contents of carbonate-bound cadmium, iron-manganese oxides, organic-bound cadmium and residual cadmium increased gradually as a whole. Among them, the applying the aragonite shell powder as a passivating agent was more effective than the calcite type. As the proportion of shell powder increased, the exchangeable cadmium changed to other cadmium speciation was more. After 50 days of culture, the contents of available cadmium in soils treated with shell powder were significantly lower than that of CK. When the addition ratio of shell powder was 5%, the bioavailable cadmium accounted for the lowest proportion of total cadmium. The results showed that aragonite shell powder had better effect of reducing soil available cadmium activity than that of calcite shell powder.
引文
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[2] 曹心德,魏晓欣,代革联,等.土壤重金属复合污染及其化学钝化修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(7):1442-1452.
[3] Du P,Xue N D, Liu L, et al. Distribution of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu and their chemical speciations in soils from a perismelter area in northeast China[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(1):205-213.
[4] Komarek M, Vanek A, Ettler V. Chemical stabilization of metals and arsenic in contaminated soils using oxides areview[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,172(1):9-22.
[5] 王林,徐应明,梁学峰,等.新型杂化材料钝化修复镉铅复合污染土壤的效应与机制研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):581-588.
[6] Ok Y S, Lim J E, Moon D H. Stabilization of Pb and Cd contaminated soils and soil quality improvement using waste oyster shells[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2011,33(1):83-91.
[7] 李海晏.废弃贝壳高附加值资源化利用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[8] 陈涛.贝壳粉体的改性及其在抗菌和聚苯烯中的应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[9] 毕见重,路春美,张金丽,等.贝壳的微观结构与煅烧特性[J].化工学报,2002,53(11):1129-1132.
[10] 曹英兰,陈丽娜,张金丽,等.牡蛎壳粉对酸性土壤的修复及其对镉的钝化作用研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(1):178-182.
[11] Tudor H E A, Gryte C C, Harris C C. Seashells: Detoxifying agents for metal-contaminated waters[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,173:209-242.
[12] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13] Tessier A, Campbell P G C, Bassion M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry, 1979,51(7):844-851.
[14] Yong S O, Sang-Eun O, Mahtab A, et al. Effectt of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pd immobilization in contaminated soils[J].Environmental Earth Science,2010,61:1301-1308.
[15] 高译丹,梁成华,裴中健,等.施用生物炭和石灰对王壤福形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):258-261.
[16] 朱德强,梁成华,杜立宇,等.含方解石物质对土壤镉赋存形态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,37(12):214-217.
[17] 王雪,梁成华,杜立宇,等.天然和热活化蛇纹石对土壤镉赋存形态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):231-236.
[18] 杜洋.贝壳粉去除水体中重金属的机理研究[D].天津:南开大学,2012.
[19] 关天霞,何红波,张旭东,等.土壤中重金属元素形态分析方法及形态分布的影响因素[J].土壤通报,2011,42(2):503-512.
[20] 张琢,王梅,任杰,等.贝壳粉对污染土壤中Pd、Zn、Cd的稳定化作用[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(1):14-18.
[21] 吴宏海,吴大清,彭金莲,等.重金属离子与方解石表面反应的实验研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1999,18(4):301-308.
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