回流立式组合人工湿地对农村混合废水中重金属的净化效果
|
摘要
针对农村分散式混合废水中的重金属难以集中处理的问题,提出一种占地面积小、操作灵活、维护简单的新型回流立式组合人工湿地工艺,研究其对重金属混合废水的处理效果以及进水水质与运行条件对重金属去除的影响。结果显示,回流立式组合人工湿地在运行时间为6 h,回流周期T=30 min的条件下对CODCr、TN、TP和TSS的平均去除率分别为82.83%、27.67%、64.64%和92.58%,对As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的平均去除率分别为50.01%、62.43%、91.02%、63.37%和51.92%;其去除负荷高达92.4、12.1、160.9、1 214.9、1 989.0 mg·m-2·d-1,约为其他研究平均值的4～27倍。进水pH和CODCr的波动以及回流周期的变化对重金属去除无显著影响(P>0.05);将运行时间由6 h延长至24 h时,重金属的去除效率有明显的提高(Zn除外)。回流立式组合人工湿地对重金属的去除快速高效、去除负荷高,在农村分散式含重金属混合废水处理方面具有较好的利用前景。
With the aim to solve problems caused by disordered drainage of heavy metals from mixed wastewater and the difficulty of centralized treatment in rural areas, a new type of recycled standing combined constructed wetland system(RSCCWS)with the advantages of a small footprint, simple operation, and easy maintenance was used in this study to treat heavy metals wastewater. The objectives of this research were to study the treatment of a RSCCWS for mixed wastewater containing heavy metals and general water pollutants and the effect of different operating conditions on the RSCCWS performance. The results showed that average removal efficiencies of CODCr, TN, TP, and TSS were 82.83%, 27.67%, 64.64%, and 92.58%, respectively, under the operation conditions of a 6-hour run time and 30-minute circulation time. Simultaneously, the average removal efficiencies of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were 50.01%, 62.43%, 91.02%, 63.37%, and51.92%, respectively. Moreover, the removal loads of heavy metals were up to 2.4, 12.1, 160.9, 1 214.9, and 1 989.0 mg·m-2·d-1, respectively, which were 4 to 27 times greater compared with those of other research. The changes in pH, CODCr, and circulation time had no significant effect on the removal efficiency of heavy metals(P>0.05). When the run time was extended to 24 hours, increased removal rates of four kinds of heavy metals, except Zn, were observed compared with those of the 6-hour run time. With the advantages of high and quick removal of heavy metals, the RSCCWS has great potential in treating heavy metals from mixed wastewater in rural areas.
With the aim to solve problems caused by disordered drainage of heavy metals from mixed wastewater and the difficulty of centralized treatment in rural areas, a new type of recycled standing combined constructed wetland system(RSCCWS)with the advantages of a small footprint, simple operation, and easy maintenance was used in this study to treat heavy metals wastewater. The objectives of this research were to study the treatment of a RSCCWS for mixed wastewater containing heavy metals and general water pollutants and the effect of different operating conditions on the RSCCWS performance. The results showed that average removal efficiencies of CODCr, TN, TP, and TSS were 82.83%, 27.67%, 64.64%, and 92.58%, respectively, under the operation conditions of a 6-hour run time and 30-minute circulation time. Simultaneously, the average removal efficiencies of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were 50.01%, 62.43%, 91.02%, 63.37%, and51.92%, respectively. Moreover, the removal loads of heavy metals were up to 2.4, 12.1, 160.9, 1 214.9, and 1 989.0 mg·m-2·d-1, respectively, which were 4 to 27 times greater compared with those of other research. The changes in pH, CODCr, and circulation time had no significant effect on the removal efficiency of heavy metals(P>0.05). When the run time was extended to 24 hours, increased removal rates of four kinds of heavy metals, except Zn, were observed compared with those of the 6-hour run time. With the advantages of high and quick removal of heavy metals, the RSCCWS has great potential in treating heavy metals from mixed wastewater in rural areas.
引文
[1]张浩.浅谈工业废水对农村生态环境的影响及解决措施[J].科技展望, 2016, 26(16):73.ZHANG Hao. Impact on the rural ecological environment of industrial wastewater discussion and solutions[J] Science and Technology, 2016,26(16):73.
[2]李玉红.农村工业源重金属污染:现状、动因与对策:来自企业层面的证据[J].农业经济问题, 2015(1):59-65.LI Yu-hong. The pollution of heavy metal in rural industrial sources:Current situation, motivation and countermeasures:Evidence from the enterprise level[J]. Agricultural Economic Problems. 2015(1):59-65.
[3]张曦兮.我国农村工业化对环境的影响及社会原因探析[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(5):3104-3107.ZHANG Xi-xi. Analysis on the impact of rural industrialization on evironment in China and its social causes[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(5):3104-3107.
[4] Gowd S S, Govil P K. Distribution of heavy metals in surface water of ranipet industrial area in Tamil Nadu, India[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment, 2008, 136(1/2/3):197-207.
[5] Shah I A. Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in drinking water in Pakistan and risk assessment:A case study[J]. Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal, 2015, 21(4):1020-1031.
[6]钟道旭,韩存亮,蒋金平,等.镀锌厂周围农田土壤-水稻中重金属污染及其风险[J].土壤, 2011, 43(1):143-147.ZHONG Dao-xu, HAN Cun-liang, JIANG Jin-ping, et al. Heavy metal contamination in soil-rice grain and its risk assessment around a galvanizing plant[J]. Soil, 2011, 43(1):143-147.
[7]马前,张小龙.国内外重金属废水处理新技术的研究进展[J].环境工程学报, 2007, 1(7):10-14.MA Qian, ZHANG Xiao-long. Advances in new technology for heavy metal wastewater treatment at home and abroad[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2007, 1(7):10-14.
[8] Vymazal J. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 380(1/2/3):48-65.
[9]张兵之,吴振斌,徐光来.人工湿地的发展概况和面临的问题[J].环境科学与技术, 2003, 26(增刊1):87-90.ZHANG Bing-zhi, WU Zheng-bin, XU Guang-lai. The development of constructed wetland and its problems[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2003, 26(Suppl 1):87-90.
[10] Gross A, Shmueli O, Ronen Z, et al. Recycled vertical flow constructed wetland(RVFCW):A novel method of recycling greywater for irrigation in small communities and households[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,66(5):916-923.
[11]王团团,杨扬,邰义萍,等.回流立式组合人工湿地处理生活污水的效果[J].环境工程学报, 2016, 10(9):4768-4774.WANG Tuan-tuan, YANG Yang, TAI Yi-ping, et al. Treament of domestic wastewater by recycled standing combined constructed wetlands[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(9):4768-4774.
[12] Tang X Y, Yang Y, Ran T, et al. Fate of mixed pesticides in an integrated recirculating constructed wetland(IRCW)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 571:935-942.
[13]吴长淋.人工湿地处理含重金属废水的研究现状及展望[J].化学工程师, 2009, 23(3):38-41.WU Chang-lin. Recent research anti prospect of treating waste water containing heavy metals in constructed wetlands[J]. Chemical Engineer, 2009, 23(3):38-41.
[14]罗小玲,郭庆荣,谢志宜,等.珠江三角洲地区典型农村土壤重金属污染现状分析[J].生态环境学报, 2014(3):485-489.LUO Xiao-ling, GUO Qing-rong, XIE Zhi-yi, et al. Study on heavy metal pollution in typical rural soils in Pearl River Delta area[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014(3):485-489.
[15] Cheng S P, Grosse W, Karrenbrock F, et al. Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2002, 18(3):317-325.
[16] Garcia J, Rousseau D P L, Morato J, et al. Contaminant removal processes in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands:A review[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science&Technology, 2010, 40(7):561-661.
[17]卢守波.不同条件下人工湿地去除重金属效果研究[J].科技信息,2010(26):35.LU Shou-bo. Study on removal of heavy metals by constructed wetland under different conditions[J]. Science&Technology Information,2010(26):35.
[18] Speir T W, Kettles H A, Parshotam A, et al. Simple kinetic approach to derive the ecological does value, ED50, for the assessment of Cr(Ⅵ)toxicity to soil biological properties[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995, 27(6):801-810.
[19] Brookes P C, Mcgrath S P. Effect of metal toxicity on the size of the soil microbial biomass[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1984, 35(2):341-346.
[20]丁怡,王玮,宋新山,等.人工湿地在水质净化中的应用及研究进展[J].工业水处理, 2017, 37(3):6-10.DING Yi, WANG Wei, SONG Xin-shan, et al. Application of constructed wetland to water purification and its research progress[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2017, 37(3):6-10.
[21]周世伟,徐明岗.磷酸盐修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(7):3043-3050.ZHOU Shi-wei, XU Ming-gang. The progress in phosphate remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007, 27(7):3043-3050.
[22]刘强,李亚峰,程琳.人工湿地对污染物的净化功能及存在问题[J].辽宁化工, 2008, 37(4):255-257.LIU Qiang, LI Ya-feng, CHENG Lin. The purification function and existing problems of the constructed wetland[J]. Liaoning Chemical Industry, 2008, 37(4):255-257.
[23]魏俊峰,陈洪涛,刘月良,等. 2008年调水调沙期间黄河下游悬浮颗粒物中磷的赋存形态[J].环境科学, 2011, 32(2):368-374.WEI Jun-feng, CHEN Hong-tao, LIU Yue-liang, et al. Phosphorus forms of the suspended particulate matter in the Yellow River Downstream during water and sediment regulation 2008[J]. Environmental Science, 2011, 32(2):368-374.
[24]张晶晶.城市降雨径流中重金属污染特征与污染负荷[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2011.ZHANG Jing-jing. Characteristics and loading estimates of heavy metals in urban rainfall runoff[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2011.
[25] Zhang D Q, Jinadasa K B, Gersberg R M, et al. Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in developing countries:A review of recent developments(2000—2013)[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 141:116-131.
[26] Zhang D Q, Jinadasa K B, Gersberg R M, et al. Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in tropical and subtropical regions(2000—2013)[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 30(4):30.
[27]孙和和,刘鹏,蔡妙珍,等.垂直流-水平潜流复合人工湿地深度处理电镀废水的效果[J].生态环境学报, 2008, 17(1):64-69.SUN He-he, LIU Peng, CAI Miao-zhen, et al. The effect of vertical flow-horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland on electroplating wastewater[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2008, 17(1):64-69.
[28]熊家晴,刘华印,刘永军,等.复合人工湿地处理受污染河水中试研究[J].水处理技术, 2012, 38(12):82-84.XIONG Jia-qing, LIU Hua-yin, LIU Yong-jun, et al. Study on the treatment of polluted river water by hybid constructed wetland[J].Technology of Water Treatment, 2012, 38(12):82-84.
[29]易志刚,刘春常,张倩媚,等.复合人工湿地对有机污染物的去除效果初步研究[J].生态环境学报, 2006, 15(5):945-948.YI Zhi-gang, LIU Chun-chang, ZHANG Qian-mei, et al. Preliminary study on the effect of hybid constructed wetland on the removal of organic pollutants[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2006, 15(5):945-948.
[30]李怀,阎百兴,程龙,等.出水回流对连续式折流潜流人工湿地脱氮除磷效果的影响[J].湿地科学, 2016, 14(6):860-865.LI Huai, YAN Bai-xing, CHENG Long, et al. Effect of effluent recirculation on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in horizontal baffle subsurface flow constructed wetland under effluent reflux[J]. Wetland Science, 2016, 14(6):860-865.
[31] Sklarz M Y, Gross A, Yakirevich A, et al. A recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland for the treatment of domestic wastewater[J]. Desalination, 2009, 246(1/2/3):617-624.
[32] Sun G, Gray K R, Biddlestone A J, et al. Effect of effluent recirculation on the performance of a reed bed system treating agricultural wastewater[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2003, 39(3):351-357.
[33] Bavandpour F, Zou Y C, He Y H, et al. Removal of dissolved metals in wetland columns filled with shell grits and plant biomass[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017:331.
[34] Kr?pfelováL, Vymazal J, Svehla J, et al. Removal of trace elements in three horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands in the Czech republic[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(4):1186.
[35]杨舒.重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn在人工湿地中的形态分布与转化[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2011.YANG Shu. The distribution of heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn)in constructed wetlands[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2011.
[36]张敏,王德淑.长江铜陵段表层水中重金属含量及存在形态分布研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2003, 3(6):61-64.ZHANG Min, WANG De-shu. Study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in surface water of tongling section in the Yangzi River[J].]ournal of Safety and Environment, 2003, 3(6):61-64.
[37] Naidu R, Bolan N S, Kookana R S, et al. Ionic-strength and pH effects on the sorption of cadmium and the surface charge of soils[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 45(4):419-429.
[38] Zhao L, Zhou L X. Cadmium transport mediated by soil colloid and dissolved organic matter:A field study[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010, 22(1):106-115.
[39]刘树元,阎百兴,王莉霞.人工湿地中氨氮反应与pH变化关系的研究[J].水土保持学报, 2010, 24(3):243-246.LIU Shu-yuan, YAN Bai-xing, WANG Li-xia. Study on relationship between ammonia nitrogen reaction and pH variation in constructed wetlands[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(3):243-246.
[40]卢守波,宋新山,张涛.微电场-人工湿地耦合工艺去除重金属研究[J].环境工程, 2011(增刊1):353-356.LU Shou-bo, SONG Xin-shan, ZHANG Tao. Research on removal of heavy metal by micro electric field-constructed wetland coupling process[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2011(Suppl 1):353-356.
[41] Goulet R, Pick F, Droste R L. Test of the first-order removal model for metal retention in a young constructed wetland[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2001, 17(4):357-371.
[42] Rahman K Z, Wiessner A, Kuschk P, et al. Removal and fate of arsenic in the rhizosphere of juncus effusus treating artificial wastewater in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014, 69(4):93-105.
[43]曹婷婷,王欢元,孙婴婴.复合人工湿地系统对重金属的去除研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(增刊1):230-236.CAO Ting-ting, WANG Huan-yuan, SUN Ying-ying. Study on remove of heavy metals in composite constructed wetland system[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 40(Suppl 1):230-236.
[44]房继德,张洪勋,琚宜文.煤层气产出水的人工湿地构建与处理效果研究[J].环境工程, 2017, 35(5):20-24.FANG Ji-de, ZHANG Hong-xun, JU Yi-wen. Constructed wetland construction for coal-bed methane produced water and research on its treatment efficiency[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017, 35(5):20-24.
[45]许吟波.人工湿地用于重金属污染废水处理的研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2013.XU Ying-bo. Research on heavy metal wastewater treatment with wonstructed wetland[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2013.
[46]喻理.人工湿地+吸附池工艺对农田灌溉水中镉的去除效果研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2016.YU Li. Study on the removed rate of Cd in irrigation water by artificial wetland and adsoption technology[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University, 2016.
[47] A D, Oka M, Fujii Y, et al. Removal of heavy metals from synthetic landfill leachate in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 584:742-750.
[48] Vymazal J, B?ezinováT. Accumulation of heavy metals in aboveground biomass of Phragmites australis in horizontal flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:A review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 290:232-242.
[2]李玉红.农村工业源重金属污染:现状、动因与对策:来自企业层面的证据[J].农业经济问题, 2015(1):59-65.LI Yu-hong. The pollution of heavy metal in rural industrial sources:Current situation, motivation and countermeasures:Evidence from the enterprise level[J]. Agricultural Economic Problems. 2015(1):59-65.
[3]张曦兮.我国农村工业化对环境的影响及社会原因探析[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(5):3104-3107.ZHANG Xi-xi. Analysis on the impact of rural industrialization on evironment in China and its social causes[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(5):3104-3107.
[4] Gowd S S, Govil P K. Distribution of heavy metals in surface water of ranipet industrial area in Tamil Nadu, India[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment, 2008, 136(1/2/3):197-207.
[5] Shah I A. Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in drinking water in Pakistan and risk assessment:A case study[J]. Human&Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal, 2015, 21(4):1020-1031.
[6]钟道旭,韩存亮,蒋金平,等.镀锌厂周围农田土壤-水稻中重金属污染及其风险[J].土壤, 2011, 43(1):143-147.ZHONG Dao-xu, HAN Cun-liang, JIANG Jin-ping, et al. Heavy metal contamination in soil-rice grain and its risk assessment around a galvanizing plant[J]. Soil, 2011, 43(1):143-147.
[7]马前,张小龙.国内外重金属废水处理新技术的研究进展[J].环境工程学报, 2007, 1(7):10-14.MA Qian, ZHANG Xiao-long. Advances in new technology for heavy metal wastewater treatment at home and abroad[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2007, 1(7):10-14.
[8] Vymazal J. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 380(1/2/3):48-65.
[9]张兵之,吴振斌,徐光来.人工湿地的发展概况和面临的问题[J].环境科学与技术, 2003, 26(增刊1):87-90.ZHANG Bing-zhi, WU Zheng-bin, XU Guang-lai. The development of constructed wetland and its problems[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2003, 26(Suppl 1):87-90.
[10] Gross A, Shmueli O, Ronen Z, et al. Recycled vertical flow constructed wetland(RVFCW):A novel method of recycling greywater for irrigation in small communities and households[J]. Chemosphere, 2007,66(5):916-923.
[11]王团团,杨扬,邰义萍,等.回流立式组合人工湿地处理生活污水的效果[J].环境工程学报, 2016, 10(9):4768-4774.WANG Tuan-tuan, YANG Yang, TAI Yi-ping, et al. Treament of domestic wastewater by recycled standing combined constructed wetlands[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(9):4768-4774.
[12] Tang X Y, Yang Y, Ran T, et al. Fate of mixed pesticides in an integrated recirculating constructed wetland(IRCW)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 571:935-942.
[13]吴长淋.人工湿地处理含重金属废水的研究现状及展望[J].化学工程师, 2009, 23(3):38-41.WU Chang-lin. Recent research anti prospect of treating waste water containing heavy metals in constructed wetlands[J]. Chemical Engineer, 2009, 23(3):38-41.
[14]罗小玲,郭庆荣,谢志宜,等.珠江三角洲地区典型农村土壤重金属污染现状分析[J].生态环境学报, 2014(3):485-489.LUO Xiao-ling, GUO Qing-rong, XIE Zhi-yi, et al. Study on heavy metal pollution in typical rural soils in Pearl River Delta area[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014(3):485-489.
[15] Cheng S P, Grosse W, Karrenbrock F, et al. Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2002, 18(3):317-325.
[16] Garcia J, Rousseau D P L, Morato J, et al. Contaminant removal processes in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands:A review[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science&Technology, 2010, 40(7):561-661.
[17]卢守波.不同条件下人工湿地去除重金属效果研究[J].科技信息,2010(26):35.LU Shou-bo. Study on removal of heavy metals by constructed wetland under different conditions[J]. Science&Technology Information,2010(26):35.
[18] Speir T W, Kettles H A, Parshotam A, et al. Simple kinetic approach to derive the ecological does value, ED50, for the assessment of Cr(Ⅵ)toxicity to soil biological properties[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995, 27(6):801-810.
[19] Brookes P C, Mcgrath S P. Effect of metal toxicity on the size of the soil microbial biomass[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1984, 35(2):341-346.
[20]丁怡,王玮,宋新山,等.人工湿地在水质净化中的应用及研究进展[J].工业水处理, 2017, 37(3):6-10.DING Yi, WANG Wei, SONG Xin-shan, et al. Application of constructed wetland to water purification and its research progress[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2017, 37(3):6-10.
[21]周世伟,徐明岗.磷酸盐修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(7):3043-3050.ZHOU Shi-wei, XU Ming-gang. The progress in phosphate remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007, 27(7):3043-3050.
[22]刘强,李亚峰,程琳.人工湿地对污染物的净化功能及存在问题[J].辽宁化工, 2008, 37(4):255-257.LIU Qiang, LI Ya-feng, CHENG Lin. The purification function and existing problems of the constructed wetland[J]. Liaoning Chemical Industry, 2008, 37(4):255-257.
[23]魏俊峰,陈洪涛,刘月良,等. 2008年调水调沙期间黄河下游悬浮颗粒物中磷的赋存形态[J].环境科学, 2011, 32(2):368-374.WEI Jun-feng, CHEN Hong-tao, LIU Yue-liang, et al. Phosphorus forms of the suspended particulate matter in the Yellow River Downstream during water and sediment regulation 2008[J]. Environmental Science, 2011, 32(2):368-374.
[24]张晶晶.城市降雨径流中重金属污染特征与污染负荷[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2011.ZHANG Jing-jing. Characteristics and loading estimates of heavy metals in urban rainfall runoff[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2011.
[25] Zhang D Q, Jinadasa K B, Gersberg R M, et al. Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in developing countries:A review of recent developments(2000—2013)[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 141:116-131.
[26] Zhang D Q, Jinadasa K B, Gersberg R M, et al. Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in tropical and subtropical regions(2000—2013)[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 30(4):30.
[27]孙和和,刘鹏,蔡妙珍,等.垂直流-水平潜流复合人工湿地深度处理电镀废水的效果[J].生态环境学报, 2008, 17(1):64-69.SUN He-he, LIU Peng, CAI Miao-zhen, et al. The effect of vertical flow-horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland on electroplating wastewater[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2008, 17(1):64-69.
[28]熊家晴,刘华印,刘永军,等.复合人工湿地处理受污染河水中试研究[J].水处理技术, 2012, 38(12):82-84.XIONG Jia-qing, LIU Hua-yin, LIU Yong-jun, et al. Study on the treatment of polluted river water by hybid constructed wetland[J].Technology of Water Treatment, 2012, 38(12):82-84.
[29]易志刚,刘春常,张倩媚,等.复合人工湿地对有机污染物的去除效果初步研究[J].生态环境学报, 2006, 15(5):945-948.YI Zhi-gang, LIU Chun-chang, ZHANG Qian-mei, et al. Preliminary study on the effect of hybid constructed wetland on the removal of organic pollutants[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2006, 15(5):945-948.
[30]李怀,阎百兴,程龙,等.出水回流对连续式折流潜流人工湿地脱氮除磷效果的影响[J].湿地科学, 2016, 14(6):860-865.LI Huai, YAN Bai-xing, CHENG Long, et al. Effect of effluent recirculation on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in horizontal baffle subsurface flow constructed wetland under effluent reflux[J]. Wetland Science, 2016, 14(6):860-865.
[31] Sklarz M Y, Gross A, Yakirevich A, et al. A recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland for the treatment of domestic wastewater[J]. Desalination, 2009, 246(1/2/3):617-624.
[32] Sun G, Gray K R, Biddlestone A J, et al. Effect of effluent recirculation on the performance of a reed bed system treating agricultural wastewater[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2003, 39(3):351-357.
[33] Bavandpour F, Zou Y C, He Y H, et al. Removal of dissolved metals in wetland columns filled with shell grits and plant biomass[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017:331.
[34] Kr?pfelováL, Vymazal J, Svehla J, et al. Removal of trace elements in three horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands in the Czech republic[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(4):1186.
[35]杨舒.重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn在人工湿地中的形态分布与转化[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2011.YANG Shu. The distribution of heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn)in constructed wetlands[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2011.
[36]张敏,王德淑.长江铜陵段表层水中重金属含量及存在形态分布研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2003, 3(6):61-64.ZHANG Min, WANG De-shu. Study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in surface water of tongling section in the Yangzi River[J].]ournal of Safety and Environment, 2003, 3(6):61-64.
[37] Naidu R, Bolan N S, Kookana R S, et al. Ionic-strength and pH effects on the sorption of cadmium and the surface charge of soils[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 45(4):419-429.
[38] Zhao L, Zhou L X. Cadmium transport mediated by soil colloid and dissolved organic matter:A field study[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010, 22(1):106-115.
[39]刘树元,阎百兴,王莉霞.人工湿地中氨氮反应与pH变化关系的研究[J].水土保持学报, 2010, 24(3):243-246.LIU Shu-yuan, YAN Bai-xing, WANG Li-xia. Study on relationship between ammonia nitrogen reaction and pH variation in constructed wetlands[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(3):243-246.
[40]卢守波,宋新山,张涛.微电场-人工湿地耦合工艺去除重金属研究[J].环境工程, 2011(增刊1):353-356.LU Shou-bo, SONG Xin-shan, ZHANG Tao. Research on removal of heavy metal by micro electric field-constructed wetland coupling process[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2011(Suppl 1):353-356.
[41] Goulet R, Pick F, Droste R L. Test of the first-order removal model for metal retention in a young constructed wetland[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2001, 17(4):357-371.
[42] Rahman K Z, Wiessner A, Kuschk P, et al. Removal and fate of arsenic in the rhizosphere of juncus effusus treating artificial wastewater in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014, 69(4):93-105.
[43]曹婷婷,王欢元,孙婴婴.复合人工湿地系统对重金属的去除研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(增刊1):230-236.CAO Ting-ting, WANG Huan-yuan, SUN Ying-ying. Study on remove of heavy metals in composite constructed wetland system[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 40(Suppl 1):230-236.
[44]房继德,张洪勋,琚宜文.煤层气产出水的人工湿地构建与处理效果研究[J].环境工程, 2017, 35(5):20-24.FANG Ji-de, ZHANG Hong-xun, JU Yi-wen. Constructed wetland construction for coal-bed methane produced water and research on its treatment efficiency[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017, 35(5):20-24.
[45]许吟波.人工湿地用于重金属污染废水处理的研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2013.XU Ying-bo. Research on heavy metal wastewater treatment with wonstructed wetland[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2013.
[46]喻理.人工湿地+吸附池工艺对农田灌溉水中镉的去除效果研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学, 2016.YU Li. Study on the removed rate of Cd in irrigation water by artificial wetland and adsoption technology[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University, 2016.
[47] A D, Oka M, Fujii Y, et al. Removal of heavy metals from synthetic landfill leachate in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 584:742-750.
[48] Vymazal J, B?ezinováT. Accumulation of heavy metals in aboveground biomass of Phragmites australis in horizontal flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment:A review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 290:232-242.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |