京津冀协同视角下的大气污染治理
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摘要
由于京津冀区域经济展水平与功能地位存在差异,各行政区域政策呈现碎片化特征,环境成本和责任与经济效益长期处于不对等状态。不难发现,我国的环境法治理结构存在瑕疵,导致大气治理出现地区政府"各自为战"的局面。因此必须转换地区政府政绩优先的思考模式,以生态文明建设为中心线,以人为本作为根本制度出发点,平衡经济发展与环境保护,实现人与自然真正的和谐与平衡。在党的领导下加强政府整体责信是环境治理的重要环节,探索一条政府、企业、法律、公众等不同群体互联互动的横向区域协同治理路径势在必行。
Due to the differences in the level and functional status of the regional economic development in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the policies of each administrative region are fragmented and the environmental cost, responsibility and economic benefits are in a state of inequality for a long time. It is not difficult to find that there are defects in the governance structure of environmental law in China, which leads to the situation of regional governments "fighting on their own" in atmospheric governance. Therefore, we must change the thinking mode of giving priority to the achievements of regional governments, take the construction of ecological civilization as the central line, people-oriented as the starting point of the fundamental system, balance economic development and environmental protectionand realize the true harmony and balance between man and nature. Under the leadership of the communist party, it is an important link of environmental governance to strengthen the overall responsibility of the government. It is imperative to explore a horizontal regional collaborative governance path in which different groups, such as the government, enterprises, laws, the public and so on, interact with each other.
Due to the differences in the level and functional status of the regional economic development in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the policies of each administrative region are fragmented and the environmental cost, responsibility and economic benefits are in a state of inequality for a long time. It is not difficult to find that there are defects in the governance structure of environmental law in China, which leads to the situation of regional governments "fighting on their own" in atmospheric governance. Therefore, we must change the thinking mode of giving priority to the achievements of regional governments, take the construction of ecological civilization as the central line, people-oriented as the starting point of the fundamental system, balance economic development and environmental protectionand realize the true harmony and balance between man and nature. Under the leadership of the communist party, it is an important link of environmental governance to strengthen the overall responsibility of the government. It is imperative to explore a horizontal regional collaborative governance path in which different groups, such as the government, enterprises, laws, the public and so on, interact with each other.
引文
[1]王祥骝.大陆环境治理：跃上生态文明建设[J].营建知讯, 2017,(6):45-56.
[2]周京奎,靳亚阁.京津冀生态环境治理问题与机制研究[J].理论与现代化, 2017,(2):5-9.
[3]习近平.中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定[N].人民日报，2014-10-19(01).
[4]马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社, 1995.
[5]林祖华.十八大以来习近平民生思想探析[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报, 2016,(5):5-10.
[6]董冠华.政府环境失灵及其解决路径浅析[A]. AEIC Academic Exchange Information Centre(China):International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research[C].2019:4.
[7]习近平.全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神要突出抓好六个方面工作[J].求是, 2013,(1):3-7.
[8]朱京安,宋阳.国际社会应对气候变化失败的制度原因初探——以全球公共物品为视角[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2015,(2):59-66.
[9] Nico. Krisch, The Pluralism of Global Administrative Law,17 EUR[J]. INT’L 247. 251(2006).
[10]林春元.超越内国行政法与国际法——气候变迁全球行政法的演变、形貌与影响[D].台北：台湾大学,2012.
[11]Biermann,Franketal.Earth System Governance:Peple,Places and the Planet[J].Science and Implementation Plan of the Earth System Governance Project.4(2019)ESG Report1,Bonn,IHDP:the Earth System Governance Project.
[12]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利[M].北京:人民出版社，2017.
[13]尚虎平.拒绝“利维坦”勇做“雪孩子”——“放管服”改革推进中国国家治理现代化[EB/OL]. https://www.baidu.com/link?url=cgnzrehlwmAw8JfaAMxX7KfbSZaXOANeWm3YVt5vJiRS_yKNa5xNqUiN6e CzcaCy892bh55YLp8jVkTIBUhYa&wd=&eqid=d49f3dcd00027f9d000000035cd2887a. 2018-07-26/2019-02-18.
[14]郭施宏,齐晔.京津冀区域大气污染协同治理模式构建——基于府际关系理论视角[J].中国特色社会主义研究，2016,(3):81-85.
[15]戴晋媛.京津冀地区大气污染跨域治理研究[J].合作经济与科技, 2018,(20):28-30.
[16]Daniel C. Esty.Good Governance at Supranational Scale Globalizing Administrative Law[J]. YALE L. 1940, 1522(2006), 115.
[17]Lydia McMullen-Laird; Xiaofan Zhao; Mengjie Gong;Samuel J. McMullen. Air Pollution Governance as a Driver of Recent Climate Policies in China[J]. 2015 CCLR 243.
[18]陈永力.人类中心主义的扬弃——生态伦理学[J].贵州民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006,(3):105-107.
[19]Lydia McMullen-Laird; Xiaofan Zhao; Mengjie Gong;Samuel J. McMullen, Air Pollution Governance as a Driver of Recent Climate Policies in China[J]. 2015.
[20]周扬胜,刘宪,张国宁,宋旭.从改革的视野探讨京津冀大气污染联合防治新对策[J].环境保护, 2015,(13):35-37.
[21]Christine Wong and Valerie J. Karplus. China’s War on Air Pollution:Can Existing Governance Structures Support New Ambitions?[J]. SOAS University of London, The China Quarterly, 2017,(9):662–684.
[22]Birney, Mayling.Decentralization and veiled corruption under China’s ‘rule of mandates’[J]. World Development, 2013,(1):6-12.
a环境库兹涅茨曲线呈现倒U型关系，当一个国家经济发展水平较低的时候，环境污染的程度较轻，但是随着人均收入的增加，环境污染由低趋高，环境恶化程度随着经济的增长加剧；当经济发展到达某个临界点或者拐点以后，随着人均收入的进一步增加，环境污染又由高趋低，其环境污染的程度逐渐减缓，环境质量逐渐得到改善。
a来自人民日报-人民网,网址:https://www.baidu.com/link?url=l TZr6I2zbb_lpi QRGDG5Ie ANYqiq-z QLoh28t--6Qsw YYk S3Ls C3JDRMh4_m S0q1&wd=&eqid=b426888b00054df0000000035ccae7c7.
a利维坦原指一种巨大的水生怪物。《利维坦》是托马斯.霍布斯的政治学著作，全名为《利维坦，或教会国家和市民国家的实质、形式和权力》，霍布斯用“利维坦”来喻指国家，认为国家是人们为了遵守自然法而定立契约所形成的，主张利用“国教”来管束人民，维护“秩序”，给洛克和卢梭的社会契约论带来了深渊影响。政府具有利维坦的双面性格，在保护人的同时又在吃人，所以有了“把利维坦关进笼子里”一说，主要观点是政府不应是权力野兽，而应该是服务机构。
[2]周京奎,靳亚阁.京津冀生态环境治理问题与机制研究[J].理论与现代化, 2017,(2):5-9.
[3]习近平.中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定[N].人民日报，2014-10-19(01).
[4]马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社, 1995.
[5]林祖华.十八大以来习近平民生思想探析[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报, 2016,(5):5-10.
[6]董冠华.政府环境失灵及其解决路径浅析[A]. AEIC Academic Exchange Information Centre(China):International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research[C].2019:4.
[7]习近平.全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神要突出抓好六个方面工作[J].求是, 2013,(1):3-7.
[8]朱京安,宋阳.国际社会应对气候变化失败的制度原因初探——以全球公共物品为视角[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2015,(2):59-66.
[9] Nico. Krisch, The Pluralism of Global Administrative Law,17 EUR[J]. INT’L 247. 251(2006).
[10]林春元.超越内国行政法与国际法——气候变迁全球行政法的演变、形貌与影响[D].台北：台湾大学,2012.
[11]Biermann,Franketal.Earth System Governance:Peple,Places and the Planet[J].Science and Implementation Plan of the Earth System Governance Project.4(2019)ESG Report1,Bonn,IHDP:the Earth System Governance Project.
[12]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利[M].北京:人民出版社，2017.
[13]尚虎平.拒绝“利维坦”勇做“雪孩子”——“放管服”改革推进中国国家治理现代化[EB/OL]. https://www.baidu.com/link?url=cgnzrehlwmAw8JfaAMxX7KfbSZaXOANeWm3YVt5vJiRS_yKNa5xNqUiN6e CzcaCy892bh55YLp8jVkTIBUhYa&wd=&eqid=d49f3dcd00027f9d000000035cd2887a. 2018-07-26/2019-02-18.
[14]郭施宏,齐晔.京津冀区域大气污染协同治理模式构建——基于府际关系理论视角[J].中国特色社会主义研究，2016,(3):81-85.
[15]戴晋媛.京津冀地区大气污染跨域治理研究[J].合作经济与科技, 2018,(20):28-30.
[16]Daniel C. Esty.Good Governance at Supranational Scale Globalizing Administrative Law[J]. YALE L. 1940, 1522(2006), 115.
[17]Lydia McMullen-Laird; Xiaofan Zhao; Mengjie Gong;Samuel J. McMullen. Air Pollution Governance as a Driver of Recent Climate Policies in China[J]. 2015 CCLR 243.
[18]陈永力.人类中心主义的扬弃——生态伦理学[J].贵州民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006,(3):105-107.
[19]Lydia McMullen-Laird; Xiaofan Zhao; Mengjie Gong;Samuel J. McMullen, Air Pollution Governance as a Driver of Recent Climate Policies in China[J]. 2015.
[20]周扬胜,刘宪,张国宁,宋旭.从改革的视野探讨京津冀大气污染联合防治新对策[J].环境保护, 2015,(13):35-37.
[21]Christine Wong and Valerie J. Karplus. China’s War on Air Pollution:Can Existing Governance Structures Support New Ambitions?[J]. SOAS University of London, The China Quarterly, 2017,(9):662–684.
[22]Birney, Mayling.Decentralization and veiled corruption under China’s ‘rule of mandates’[J]. World Development, 2013,(1):6-12.
a环境库兹涅茨曲线呈现倒U型关系，当一个国家经济发展水平较低的时候，环境污染的程度较轻，但是随着人均收入的增加，环境污染由低趋高，环境恶化程度随着经济的增长加剧；当经济发展到达某个临界点或者拐点以后，随着人均收入的进一步增加，环境污染又由高趋低，其环境污染的程度逐渐减缓，环境质量逐渐得到改善。
a来自人民日报-人民网,网址:https://www.baidu.com/link?url=l TZr6I2zbb_lpi QRGDG5Ie ANYqiq-z QLoh28t--6Qsw YYk S3Ls C3JDRMh4_m S0q1&wd=&eqid=b426888b00054df0000000035ccae7c7.
a利维坦原指一种巨大的水生怪物。《利维坦》是托马斯.霍布斯的政治学著作，全名为《利维坦，或教会国家和市民国家的实质、形式和权力》，霍布斯用“利维坦”来喻指国家，认为国家是人们为了遵守自然法而定立契约所形成的，主张利用“国教”来管束人民，维护“秩序”，给洛克和卢梭的社会契约论带来了深渊影响。政府具有利维坦的双面性格，在保护人的同时又在吃人，所以有了“把利维坦关进笼子里”一说，主要观点是政府不应是权力野兽，而应该是服务机构。
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