镉、铅单一及复合胁迫下舞毒蛾的生长发育
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摘要
为探究重金属胁迫下林木害虫的生长发育及其发生趋势,利用添加Cd和Pb的人工饲料饲喂舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)幼虫,观察分析在Cd和Pb单一(Cd_1:7.5 mg·kg~(-1)、Cd_2:9.0 mg·kg~(-1)、Cd_3:10.5 mg·kg~(-1);Pb_1:55.0 mg·kg~(-1)、Pb_2:90.0 mg·kg~(-1)、Pb_3:125.0 mg·kg~(-1))或复合胁迫(M_1:Cd_1×Pb_1、M_2:Cd_1×Pb_2、M_3:Cd_1×Pb_3、M_4:Cd_3×Pb_1、M_5:Cd_3×Pb_2、M_6:Cd_3×Pb_3)下,舞毒蛾的生长、发育和繁殖情况。结果表明:Cd和Pb单一胁迫和复合胁迫均能不同程度地抑制舞毒蛾的生长发育。幼虫体质量、体长、头壳宽以及蛹质量和产卵量在处理组Cd_3、Pb_3、M_3、M_4、M_5和M_6中均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),在单一胁迫下均随Cd和Pb质量分数的增加而降低。复合胁迫对舞毒蛾生长发育的抑制作用均显著强于同质量分数的Cd和Pb单一胁迫。舞毒蛾存活率、化蛹率、羽化率,在Cd和Pb单一和复合胁迫下均与对照差异不显著(P>0.05)。以上结果说明,Cd和Pb单一及复合胁迫均会不同程度的抑制舞毒蛾幼虫体质量、体长、头壳宽以及蛹质量和产卵量,且复合胁迫的抑制作用强于单一胁迫,但对舞毒蛾幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率无明显抑制作用。
In order to study the effect of heavy metal stress on the growth and development of forest pests, the gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar) larvae were fed dsafasdwyyououith artificial diets supplemented with cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb) or their combination. The growth, development and fecundity of the gypsy moth under the single(Cd_1:7.5 mg/kg, Cd_2:9 mg/kg, Cd_3:10.5 mg/kg; Pb_1:55 mg/kg, Pb_2:90 mg/kg, Pb_3:125 mg/kg) or combined metal stress(M means Cd×Pb mg/kg,M_1:7.5×50, M_2:7.5×90, M_3:7.5×125, M_4:10.5×50, M_5:10.5×90, M_6:10.5×125) has been analyzed. The results showed that both the single(cadmium or lead) and the combined(Cd×Pb) stresses inhibited the growth and development of the gypsy moth to varying degrees. The larval body weight, length and head width, pupal weight and number of eggs laid were significantly lower in the treatment groups of Cd_3, Pb_3, M_3, M_4, M_5 and M_6 than those in the control group(P<0.05); these growth and fecundity parameters decreased with the increase of Cd or Pb concentration. The inhibitory effects of the combined metal(Cd×Pb) stress on the larval/pupal growth and development were significantly stronger than those of single Cd or Pb stress at the same concentration. However, the single and combined treatments of Cd and Pb did not show any significant effects on larval survival, pupation and adult emergence rates of the gypsy moth compared to the control group(P>0.05). These results indicate that both single and combined stresses of Cd and Pb inhibited the growth, development and fecundity of the gypsy moth to varying degrees, and the effect of combined stresses were stronger than single stresses. However, there may be an effective detoxification mechanism in the gypsy moth that may alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals on its survival, pupation and emergence.
In order to study the effect of heavy metal stress on the growth and development of forest pests, the gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar) larvae were fed dsafasdwyyououith artificial diets supplemented with cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb) or their combination. The growth, development and fecundity of the gypsy moth under the single(Cd_1:7.5 mg/kg, Cd_2:9 mg/kg, Cd_3:10.5 mg/kg; Pb_1:55 mg/kg, Pb_2:90 mg/kg, Pb_3:125 mg/kg) or combined metal stress(M means Cd×Pb mg/kg,M_1:7.5×50, M_2:7.5×90, M_3:7.5×125, M_4:10.5×50, M_5:10.5×90, M_6:10.5×125) has been analyzed. The results showed that both the single(cadmium or lead) and the combined(Cd×Pb) stresses inhibited the growth and development of the gypsy moth to varying degrees. The larval body weight, length and head width, pupal weight and number of eggs laid were significantly lower in the treatment groups of Cd_3, Pb_3, M_3, M_4, M_5 and M_6 than those in the control group(P<0.05); these growth and fecundity parameters decreased with the increase of Cd or Pb concentration. The inhibitory effects of the combined metal(Cd×Pb) stress on the larval/pupal growth and development were significantly stronger than those of single Cd or Pb stress at the same concentration. However, the single and combined treatments of Cd and Pb did not show any significant effects on larval survival, pupation and adult emergence rates of the gypsy moth compared to the control group(P>0.05). These results indicate that both single and combined stresses of Cd and Pb inhibited the growth, development and fecundity of the gypsy moth to varying degrees, and the effect of combined stresses were stronger than single stresses. However, there may be an effective detoxification mechanism in the gypsy moth that may alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals on its survival, pupation and emergence.
引文
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[12]曹红妹.镉/镍对亚洲玉米螟生长发育及生殖行为的影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2015.
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[14]薛羿,姜礅,姜虹,等.亚洲型舞毒蛾的羽化和生殖行为节律[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(5):111-116.
[15]赵捷,王一鸣,左伊凡,等.舞毒蛾的室内人工大量饲养技术优化[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(7):90-93.
[16]ZHOU L Y,ZHAO Y,WANG S F,et al.Lead in the soil-mulberry(Morus alba L.)-silkworm(Bombyx mori)food chain:translocation and detoxification[J].Chemosphere,2015,128:171-177.
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[19]曹丹丹.重金属胁迫垂柳对柳蓝叶甲及柳黑毛蚜生理生化反应的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2010.
[20]付伟利,杜移珍,张敏.镉胁迫对昆虫的毒性效应及昆虫防御机制的研究进展[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2015,29(6):1001-1006.
[21]柳琳,夏嫱.铜污染对昆虫生长发育及繁殖影响的研究进展[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(2):451-456.
[22]GAUTHIER M,ARAS P,JUMARIE C,et al.Low dietary levels of Al,Pb and Cd may affect the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in caged honey bees(Apis mellifera)[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:848-854.
[23]JIANG D,YAN S C.Effects of Cd,Zn or Pb stress in Populus alba berolinensis on the development and reproduction of Lymantria dispar[J].Ecotoxicology,2017,26(1):1305-1313.
[24]吴国星,高熹,叶恭银,等.取食重金属铜对棕尾别麻蝇亲代及子代生长发育与繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(10):1042-1048.
[25]张丽,宋亚茜,高欢欢,等.重金属Zn2+胁迫下麦长管蚜的取食行为[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2537-2543.
[26]梁露,毛雪,管德龙,等.镉对果蝇寿命及生殖力的影响及其可遗传性分析[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(6):4-8.
[27]钱媛媛,苏宏华,程禹铭,等.铅胁迫对甜菜夜蛾连续五代生殖力的影响研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(5):824-830.
[2]吴启仙,夏嫱.重金属对昆虫抗氧化酶影响研究进展[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(2):247-251.
[3]吴坤,吴中红,邰付菊,等.镉胁迫对烟草叶激素水平、光合特性、荧光特性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4517-4524.
[4]王春梅,欧阳华,王金达,等.沈阳市多介质环境铅污染研究[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(4):358-362.
[5]吴婷,李小平,蔡月,等.铅污染不同粒径土壤的重金属地球化学行为与风险[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4212-4221.
[6]宋蕾,王月月,高璐璐,等.昆虫取食对杨树富集Cd、Cu、Zn能力的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(3):52-55.
[7]张凯,徐波,孟昭军,等.铜、镉胁迫对杨树叶片中防御蛋白活性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(11):43-46.
[8]BALLAN-DUFRANAIS C.Localization of metals in cells of pterygote insects[J].Microscopy Research&Technique,2002,56(6):403-420.
[9]TYLKO G,BANACH Z,BOROWSKA J,et al.Elemental changes in the brain,muscle,and gut cells of the housefly,Musca domestica,exposed to heavy metals[J].Microsc Res Tech,2005,66(5):239-247.
[10]杨世勇,黄永杰,张敏,等.重金属对昆虫的生态生理效应[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(4):427-436.
[11]孙虹霞,刘颖,张古忍.重金属污染对昆虫生长发育的影响[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(2):178-185.
[12]曹红妹.镉/镍对亚洲玉米螟生长发育及生殖行为的影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2015.
[13]ENAYATI A A,RANSON H,HEMINGWAY J.Insect glutathione transferases and insecticide resistance[J].Insect Molecular Biology,2005,14(1):3-8.
[14]薛羿,姜礅,姜虹,等.亚洲型舞毒蛾的羽化和生殖行为节律[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(5):111-116.
[15]赵捷,王一鸣,左伊凡,等.舞毒蛾的室内人工大量饲养技术优化[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(7):90-93.
[16]ZHOU L Y,ZHAO Y,WANG S F,et al.Lead in the soil-mulberry(Morus alba L.)-silkworm(Bombyx mori)food chain:translocation and detoxification[J].Chemosphere,2015,128:171-177.
[17]ARAMBOUROU H,GISMONDI E,BRANCHU P,et al.Biochemical and morphological responses in Chironomus riparius(Diptera,Chironomidae)larvae exposed to lead-spiked sediment[J].Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2013,32(11):2558-2564.
[18]BEDNARSKA A J,STACHOWICZ I.Costs of living in metal polluted areas:respiration rate of the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus from two gradients of metal pollution[J].Ecotoxicology,2013,22(1):118-124.
[19]曹丹丹.重金属胁迫垂柳对柳蓝叶甲及柳黑毛蚜生理生化反应的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2010.
[20]付伟利,杜移珍,张敏.镉胁迫对昆虫的毒性效应及昆虫防御机制的研究进展[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志,2015,29(6):1001-1006.
[21]柳琳,夏嫱.铜污染对昆虫生长发育及繁殖影响的研究进展[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(2):451-456.
[22]GAUTHIER M,ARAS P,JUMARIE C,et al.Low dietary levels of Al,Pb and Cd may affect the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in caged honey bees(Apis mellifera)[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:848-854.
[23]JIANG D,YAN S C.Effects of Cd,Zn or Pb stress in Populus alba berolinensis on the development and reproduction of Lymantria dispar[J].Ecotoxicology,2017,26(1):1305-1313.
[24]吴国星,高熹,叶恭银,等.取食重金属铜对棕尾别麻蝇亲代及子代生长发育与繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(10):1042-1048.
[25]张丽,宋亚茜,高欢欢,等.重金属Zn2+胁迫下麦长管蚜的取食行为[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2537-2543.
[26]梁露,毛雪,管德龙,等.镉对果蝇寿命及生殖力的影响及其可遗传性分析[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(6):4-8.
[27]钱媛媛,苏宏华,程禹铭,等.铅胁迫对甜菜夜蛾连续五代生殖力的影响研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(5):824-830.
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