国外环境健康风险管理实践与启示

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：Environmental health risk management practices in developed countries and its implications 作者：蒋玉丹 ; 王建生 ; 黄炳昭 ; 韦正峥 ; 裴晓菲 英文作者：JIANG Yudan;WANG Jiansheng;HUANG Bingzhao;WEI Zhengzheng;PEI Xiaofei;Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Ecology and Environment; 关键词：环境健康 ; 风险评估 ; 风险管理 ; 国外实践 ; 启示 英文关键词：environmental health;;risk assessment;;risk management;;international practices;;implications 中文刊名：环境与可持续发展 英文刊名：Environment and Sustainable Development 机构：生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心; 出版日期：2019-10-16 出版单位：环境与可持续发展 年：2019 期：05 基金：大气污染成因与控制技术研究(2016YFC0206205) 语种：中文; 页：11-16 页数：6 CN：11-5337/X ISSN：1673-288X 分类号：X820.4

摘要

保障公众健康是环境保护的最根本宗旨,而我国现行的环境管理手段在控制环境健康风险方面仍存在一些不足。发达国家在环境健康风险管理方面有诸多经验值得借鉴,本文介绍了美国、欧盟和日本的环境健康风险管理实践,结合我国环境管理实际,建议从以下方面推动我国环境健康风险管理:一是建立并完善我国环境与健康法律制度体系;二是加强环境与健康能力建设,开展污染物的健康效应研究,基于健康风险评估的结果研究发布本土化的基准/标准;三是识别日常环境监管中各个涉及公众健康的关键薄弱环节,探索将健康风险融入环境监管的渠道和路径;四是紧密围绕重点区域、重点行业和重点污染物开展环境健康风险管理工作;五是建立我国环境健康风险评估技术规范体系;六是开展以解决实际问题为导向的环境健康风险评估,将风险评估的结果应用于风险管理。
        This paper introduces environmental management practices reflecting health risk management in the United States,European Union and Japan. Considering the actual environmental management practice in China,environmental health risk management work can be conducted in some aspects by the foreign practices.

引文

[1]王立德，杨晨曦．环境健康与法律:美国经验借鉴[J]．中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)，2010,10(4):40-44．
    [2][美]詹姆斯·萨尔兹曼，[美]巴顿·汤普森，许卓然，胡慕云．美国环境法(第四版)[M]．北京:北京大学出版社，2016:93．
    [3]United States Environmental Protection Agency.National Primary Drinking Water Regulations[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinkingwater/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations．
    [4]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Regional Removal Management Levels for Chemicals(RMLs)[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/risk/regionalremoval-management-levels-chemicals-rmls．
    [5]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Regional Removal Management Levels(RMLs)User's Guide[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/risk/regionalremoval-management-levels-rmls-users-guide．
    [6]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Regional Screening Levels(RSLs)[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls．
    [7]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Controlling Hazardous Air Pollutants[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/haps/controlling-hazardous-airpollutants．
    [8]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Risk and Technology Review[EB/OL].https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/atw/rrisk/rtrpg.html．
    [9]United States Environmental Protection Agency.NPDES Permit Limits[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-permit-limits．
    [10]United States Environmental Protection Agency.About Risk Assessment[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/risk/about-risk-assessment．
    [11]United States Environmental Protection Agency.Risk Assessment Guidelines[EB/OL].https://www.epa.gov/risk/risk-assessment-guidelines．
    [12]European Commission.Air Quality Standards[EB/OL].http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm．
    [13]Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council[EB/OL].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0050．
    [14]National air quality objectives and European Directive limit and target values for the protection of human health[EB/OL].https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/Air_Quality_Objectives_Update.pdf．
    [15]Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy[EB/OL].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32000L0060．
    [16]European Commission,Priority substances under the Water Frame Directive[EB/OL].https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-dangersub/pri_substances.htm#list．
    [17]European Commission.REACH[EB/OL].https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_en.htm．
    [18]European Commission.Reach Implementation[EB/OL].https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/implementation_en.htm．
    [19]European Chemicals Agency.Evaluation.https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/evaluation．
    [20]Uwe Lahl and Katrin Anne Hawxwell.REACH-The New European Chemicals Law[J].Environmental Science&Technology 2006 40(23),7115-7121 DOI:10.1021/es062984j．
    [21]姚薇．取其精华补己不足:欧盟化学品管理的实践及对我国的启示[J]．环境保护，2009(07):52-53．
    [22]刘占旗，林海鹏，路文芳．公害补偿以邻为镜:从日本看我国环境污染健康损害补偿[J]．环境保护，2011(10):66-68．
    [23]於方，牛坤玉，刘倩．成败参半的日本环境损害法律救济[J]．环境经济，2015(5):15．
    [24]National Institute for Environmental Studies,Japan.Health and Environmental Safety Research Program[EB/OL].http://www.nies.go.jp/program/kadaia.html．
    [25]Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan(ERCA)[EB/OL].https://www.erca.go.jp/erca/english/index.html.