乡村振兴背景下农村社区环境治理中的女性参与
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摘要
女性与环境的紧密联系、社会转型中农村人口的变迁为乡村振兴战略背景下农村女性参与农村社区环境治理奠定了前提和基础。以江苏省南京市X社区为例,重点分析农村女性环境参与意识的觉醒及环境治理的具体参与方式,认为农村女性在外力助推下从开始的被动卷入变为后来的主动参与,自我概念有所改善、个人能力有所凸显、环境参与意识逐步萌生;在此基础上通过主持或参与环保项目、开展环保协商议事会、投身环保志愿者行动等方式有效参与到农村社区环境治理中。这一实践对其他地区环境治理以及对女性参与基层社会治理的其他方面所带来的启示是:重视外在的妇联等组织的引领作用;要赋权增能,激发女性意识觉醒,拓展女性参与空间;给予女性话语权,发挥女性在协商议事中的主体地位。
The close relationship between women and the environment and the change of rural population in the process of social transformation have laid the precondition and foundation for rural women to participate in rural community environmental governance in the context of rural revitalization strategy. Taking Community X in Nanjing City,JiangsuProvince for example, this paper focuses on the awakening of rural women's awareness of environmental participation and the specific ways of participation in environmental governance. It is believed that rural women,with the help of external forces,have changed from initial passive involvement to active involvement in the future. Their self-concept has been improved,their personal abilities have been highlighted, and their awareness of environmental participation has gradually increased. Then, it is possible for rural women to effectively participate in rural community environmental governance by hosting or participating in environmental protection projects,conducting environmental consultation meetings,and participating in environmental volunteer action. The enlightenments of this practice on environmental governance in other areas and other aspects of women's participation in grass-roots social governance are: attaching importance to the leading role of external Women's Federations and other organizations;empowering women to arouse their consciousness,expanding their participation space; and giving full play to the dominant position of women in the consultative process.
The close relationship between women and the environment and the change of rural population in the process of social transformation have laid the precondition and foundation for rural women to participate in rural community environmental governance in the context of rural revitalization strategy. Taking Community X in Nanjing City,JiangsuProvince for example, this paper focuses on the awakening of rural women's awareness of environmental participation and the specific ways of participation in environmental governance. It is believed that rural women,with the help of external forces,have changed from initial passive involvement to active involvement in the future. Their self-concept has been improved,their personal abilities have been highlighted, and their awareness of environmental participation has gradually increased. Then, it is possible for rural women to effectively participate in rural community environmental governance by hosting or participating in environmental protection projects,conducting environmental consultation meetings,and participating in environmental volunteer action. The enlightenments of this practice on environmental governance in other areas and other aspects of women's participation in grass-roots social governance are: attaching importance to the leading role of external Women's Federations and other organizations;empowering women to arouse their consciousness,expanding their participation space; and giving full play to the dominant position of women in the consultative process.
引文
[1]洪大用,肖晨阳.环境关心的性别差异分析[J].社会学研究,2007(2):111-135.
[2]TINDALL D B,DAVIES S,MAUBOULE C.Activism and conservation behavior in an environmental movement:the contradictory effects of gender[J].Society and Natural Resources,2003,16(10):909-932.
[3]祝琳.农村女性的环境意识与生态环境建设[J].管理现代化,2009(5):18-20.
[4]卡洛琳·麦茜特.自然之死---妇女、生态和科学革命[M].吴国盛,吴小英,曹南燕,等译,长春:吉林人民出版社,2004:166.
[5]王云霞.环境正义中的女性:另类的生态女性主义运动[J].自然辩证法研究,2016,32(2):45-50.
[6]曼纽尔·卡斯特.认同的力量[M].夏铸九,译,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006:156.
[7]CHARLOTTE B.Movement,network,hierarchies:a gender perspective on global environmental governance[J].Global Environmental Politics,2003(2):103-119.
[8]王欢欢.女性在环境治理中的“缺席”与“在场”[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011,25(2):63-69.
[9]王云霞.环境正义中的女性:另类的生态女性主义运动[J].自然辩证法研究,2016,32(2):45-50.
[10]杨玉静.生态女性主义视角下的中国妇女与环境关系评析[J].妇女研究论丛,2010(4):15-20.
[11]龚文娟.当代城市居民环境友好行为之性别差异分析[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2008(6):37-42.
[12]武永春,刘欣葵,许联锋.试论女性环境责任行为形成的影响因素与路径[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(S1):244-247.
[13]师硕,黄森蔚,郑逸芳.环境认知、政府满意度与女性环境友好行为[J].西北人口,2017,38(6):44-50.
[14]贺雪峰.论中国村庄结构的东部与中西部差异[J].学术月刊,2017,49(6):111-119.
[15]徐勇.挣脱土地束缚之后的乡村困境及应对---农村人口流动与乡村治理的一项相关性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000(2):5-11.
[16]周祝平.中国农村人口空心化及其挑战[J].人口研究,2008(2):45-52.
[17]吴重庆.从熟人社会到“无主体熟人社会”[J].读书,2011(1):19-25.
[18]吴惠芳.留守妇女现象与农村社会性别关系的变迁[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,28(3):104-111.
[19]姜佳将.流动的主体性---乡村振兴中的妇女意识与实践[J].浙江学刊,2018(6):116-123.
[20]王晓毅.再造生存空间:乡村振兴与环境治理[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(6):124-130.
[21]戚晓明.乡村振兴背景下农村环境治理的主体变迁与机制创新[J].江苏社会科学,2018(5):31-38.
[22]GILLIGAN C.In a different voice:psychological theory and women’s development[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1993.
[23]ZELEZNY L C,CHUA P P,ALDRICH C.New ways of thinking about environmentalism:elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism[J].Journal of Social Issues,2000(3):443-457.
[24]唐鸣,黄敏璇.新型城镇化背景下农村社区协商实践创新的规范化与制度化研究---基于全国16个农村社区协商典型案例的分析[J].中共中央党校学报,2017(3):44-53.
[25]杨中艳.党领群治:十八大以来农村社区协商的经验成效与路径优化[J].社会主义研究,2016(4):114-120.
[26]ANDRER H,GASTIL J.Assessing the difference critique of deliberation:gender,emotion,and the jury experience[J].Communication Theory,2008(18):281-303.
[27]张婧.性别视角下的民主参与和协商:以温岭民主恳谈会为例[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009:36-37.
[28]赵秀玲.农村基层志愿者成长及其思考[J].江汉论坛,2017(10):133-138.
[29]KABEER N.Resources,agency,achievements:reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment[J].Development and Change,1999(3):453-464.
(1)本文的划分参考了贺雪峰教授的观点,经济地理位置并不是唯一划分依据。东部农村可以包含高度工业化的中西部地区,而中西部农村也可以包含工业化不足、以一般农业为主的东部沿海地区。
[2]TINDALL D B,DAVIES S,MAUBOULE C.Activism and conservation behavior in an environmental movement:the contradictory effects of gender[J].Society and Natural Resources,2003,16(10):909-932.
[3]祝琳.农村女性的环境意识与生态环境建设[J].管理现代化,2009(5):18-20.
[4]卡洛琳·麦茜特.自然之死---妇女、生态和科学革命[M].吴国盛,吴小英,曹南燕,等译,长春:吉林人民出版社,2004:166.
[5]王云霞.环境正义中的女性:另类的生态女性主义运动[J].自然辩证法研究,2016,32(2):45-50.
[6]曼纽尔·卡斯特.认同的力量[M].夏铸九,译,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006:156.
[7]CHARLOTTE B.Movement,network,hierarchies:a gender perspective on global environmental governance[J].Global Environmental Politics,2003(2):103-119.
[8]王欢欢.女性在环境治理中的“缺席”与“在场”[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011,25(2):63-69.
[9]王云霞.环境正义中的女性:另类的生态女性主义运动[J].自然辩证法研究,2016,32(2):45-50.
[10]杨玉静.生态女性主义视角下的中国妇女与环境关系评析[J].妇女研究论丛,2010(4):15-20.
[11]龚文娟.当代城市居民环境友好行为之性别差异分析[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2008(6):37-42.
[12]武永春,刘欣葵,许联锋.试论女性环境责任行为形成的影响因素与路径[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(S1):244-247.
[13]师硕,黄森蔚,郑逸芳.环境认知、政府满意度与女性环境友好行为[J].西北人口,2017,38(6):44-50.
[14]贺雪峰.论中国村庄结构的东部与中西部差异[J].学术月刊,2017,49(6):111-119.
[15]徐勇.挣脱土地束缚之后的乡村困境及应对---农村人口流动与乡村治理的一项相关性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000(2):5-11.
[16]周祝平.中国农村人口空心化及其挑战[J].人口研究,2008(2):45-52.
[17]吴重庆.从熟人社会到“无主体熟人社会”[J].读书,2011(1):19-25.
[18]吴惠芳.留守妇女现象与农村社会性别关系的变迁[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,28(3):104-111.
[19]姜佳将.流动的主体性---乡村振兴中的妇女意识与实践[J].浙江学刊,2018(6):116-123.
[20]王晓毅.再造生存空间:乡村振兴与环境治理[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(6):124-130.
[21]戚晓明.乡村振兴背景下农村环境治理的主体变迁与机制创新[J].江苏社会科学,2018(5):31-38.
[22]GILLIGAN C.In a different voice:psychological theory and women’s development[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1993.
[23]ZELEZNY L C,CHUA P P,ALDRICH C.New ways of thinking about environmentalism:elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism[J].Journal of Social Issues,2000(3):443-457.
[24]唐鸣,黄敏璇.新型城镇化背景下农村社区协商实践创新的规范化与制度化研究---基于全国16个农村社区协商典型案例的分析[J].中共中央党校学报,2017(3):44-53.
[25]杨中艳.党领群治:十八大以来农村社区协商的经验成效与路径优化[J].社会主义研究,2016(4):114-120.
[26]ANDRER H,GASTIL J.Assessing the difference critique of deliberation:gender,emotion,and the jury experience[J].Communication Theory,2008(18):281-303.
[27]张婧.性别视角下的民主参与和协商:以温岭民主恳谈会为例[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009:36-37.
[28]赵秀玲.农村基层志愿者成长及其思考[J].江汉论坛,2017(10):133-138.
[29]KABEER N.Resources,agency,achievements:reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment[J].Development and Change,1999(3):453-464.
(1)本文的划分参考了贺雪峰教授的观点,经济地理位置并不是唯一划分依据。东部农村可以包含高度工业化的中西部地区,而中西部农村也可以包含工业化不足、以一般农业为主的东部沿海地区。
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