样地面积对黔中喀斯特石漠灌丛林植物多样性的影响
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摘要
在生境要素及植被发育程度相似的黔中喀斯特石漠灌丛林内,一次性完成12个200 m2样地及其中96个25 m2样方的调查,采用改进的巢式样方法研究植物多样性指数值随样地面积增加的变化规律,并为确定植物多样性研究的最小调查样地面积提供科学依据。结果表明:随着有序样地面积增大,灌木植物Patrick指数、Gleason指数及Margalef指数值增加,Shannon指数、Pielou指数及Alatalo指数值先增后减,样地间6种植物多样性指数值的差异性显著; Simpson指数及McIntosh指数值也先增后减,但样地间2种植物多样性指数值的差异性不显著。8种植物多样性指数按信息保存量≥80%划分,最小调查样地面积被划分为2种类型:100 m2样地包括Patrick指数,反映物种数量多少; 25 m2样地包括Gleason指数、Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数、Pielou指数、Alatalo指数及McIntosh指数,反映植物多样性及均匀度。8种植物多样性指数值的Connor&McCoy模型拟合效果较好、de Caprariis模型及Michaelis-Menton模型拟合效果较差,Patrick指数和Margalef指数的Arrhenius模型及Logistic模型拟合效果也较好。8种植物多样性指数与96个样方的灌木植物平均高度和草本植物平均盖度的相关性显著,与草本植物平均高度的相关性不显著。主成分分析表明,立地要素、林分密度及林分空间属性对石漠灌丛林灌木植物多样性的贡献率分别为4.3%～11.7%、35.4%～67.9%和20.4%～60.2%,灌木植物多样性主要受林分结构及发育程度的影响。
Stony desert shrub forests with similar habitat factors and vegetation development were investigated using twelve 200 m~2( 20 m×10 m) plots,including ninety-six 25 m~2( 5 m×5 m) subplots in central Guizhou karst desertification area. We assessed the impacts of plot size on plant diversity using the improved nest method,to provide a scientific framework for determining the minimum sampling plot size. Our results showed that an increase in the ordered sampling area in stony desert shrub forest caused the increase of the values of Patrick index,Gleason index and Margalef index,while caused the values of Shannon index,Pielou index and Alatalo index to increase first and then decrease. There was a significant difference in the values of six plant diversity indices among the different plot sizes. Simpson index and McIntosh index increased first and then decreased,but there was no significant difference between the two indices for the plot sizes.We classified the eight diversity indices into two groups according to the information retention rate≥80%: for the 100 m~2 plot size,the Patrick index that reflects the number of species was selected,and for the 25 m~2 plot size,the Gleason index,Margalef index,Simpson index,Shannon index,Pielou index,Alatalo index and McIntosh index that reflect plant diversity and evenness were selected. The Connor & McCoy model,with eight plant diversity index values,had a better fitting effect,the de Caprariis model and Michaels-Menton model had a worse fitting effect,and the Arrhenius model and Logistic model with Patrick index and Margalef index had a better fitting effect. There was a significant correlation between the eight plant diversity indices and the average height of shrubs and the average coverage of herbs,but no significant correlation between these indices and the average height of herbs across the 96 subplots. Results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rates of site elements,stand density and stand spatial properties to the shrub diversity were 4.3%-11.7%,35.4%-67.9% and 20.4%-60.2%,respectively.The shrub diversity was mainly affected by forest structure and development level.
Stony desert shrub forests with similar habitat factors and vegetation development were investigated using twelve 200 m~2( 20 m×10 m) plots,including ninety-six 25 m~2( 5 m×5 m) subplots in central Guizhou karst desertification area. We assessed the impacts of plot size on plant diversity using the improved nest method,to provide a scientific framework for determining the minimum sampling plot size. Our results showed that an increase in the ordered sampling area in stony desert shrub forest caused the increase of the values of Patrick index,Gleason index and Margalef index,while caused the values of Shannon index,Pielou index and Alatalo index to increase first and then decrease. There was a significant difference in the values of six plant diversity indices among the different plot sizes. Simpson index and McIntosh index increased first and then decreased,but there was no significant difference between the two indices for the plot sizes.We classified the eight diversity indices into two groups according to the information retention rate≥80%: for the 100 m~2 plot size,the Patrick index that reflects the number of species was selected,and for the 25 m~2 plot size,the Gleason index,Margalef index,Simpson index,Shannon index,Pielou index,Alatalo index and McIntosh index that reflect plant diversity and evenness were selected. The Connor & McCoy model,with eight plant diversity index values,had a better fitting effect,the de Caprariis model and Michaels-Menton model had a worse fitting effect,and the Arrhenius model and Logistic model with Patrick index and Margalef index had a better fitting effect. There was a significant correlation between the eight plant diversity indices and the average height of shrubs and the average coverage of herbs,but no significant correlation between these indices and the average height of herbs across the 96 subplots. Results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rates of site elements,stand density and stand spatial properties to the shrub diversity were 4.3%-11.7%,35.4%-67.9% and 20.4%-60.2%,respectively.The shrub diversity was mainly affected by forest structure and development level.
引文
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董世魁,汤琳,王学霞,等.2013.青藏高原高寒草地植物多样性测定的最小样地面积.生物多样性,21(6):651-657.
黄宝强,罗毅波,安德军,等.2011.黄龙钙化滩流地物种-面积关系.生态学报,31(4):1124-1129.
何贤斌,张义刚,杨德润,等.1990.普定县综合农业区划.贵阳:贵州人民出版社:3-97.
姜俊,张春雨,赵秀海.2012.吉林蛟河42 hm2针阔混交林样地植物种-面积关系.植物生态学报,36(1):30-38.
刘灿然,马克平,于顺利,等.1998.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究.Ⅶ:几种类型植物群落临界抽样面积的确定.生态学报,18(1):15-23.
罗黎鸣,武建双,余成群,等.2016.拉萨河谷山地灌丛草地植物多样性监测方法的比较研究.草业学报,25(3):22-31.
龙翠玲.2008.喀斯特森林林隙梯度物种多样性变化规律.广西植物,28(1):57-61.
孟凡栋,王常顺,张振华,等.2013.西藏高原高寒草地群落植物多样性和地上生物量监测方法的比较研究.西北植物学报,33(9):1923-1929.
秦晓威,李刚,王得祥,等.2010.林隙对太白山牛皮桦-巴山冷杉混交林内草本植物多样性的影响.应用生态学报,21(10):2494-2500.
沈蕾,郭水良,宋洪涛,等.2011.样方大小对苔藓植物生态学指标的影响.广西植物,31(2):198-203.
唐志尧,乔秀娟,方精云.2009.生物群落的种-面积关系.生物多样性,17(6):549-559.
王兴,宋乃平,杨新国,等.2016.荒漠草原植物多样性分布格局对微地形尺度环境变化的响应.水土保持学报,30(4):274-280,328.
武晶,余新春,刘志民,等.2017.科尔沁沙地“生境岛屿”面积对植物物种多样性及其分布格局的影响.生态学杂志,36(1):43-53.
杨利民,韩梅,赵淑春.1996.松嫩平原草地植物多样性取样强度的研究.吉林农业大学学报,18(4):33-36.
余建英,何旭宏.2003.数据统计分析与SPSS应用.北京:人民邮电出版社.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社.
张锋,李自珍,惠苍.2004.中国湿地物种多样性与生境面积关系及其生态学机理的模拟研究.西北植物学报,24(3):392-396.
张蕊,陈军强,侯尧宸,等.2013.亚高山草甸植物群落植物物种数与取样面积的关系.生态学杂志,32(9):2268-2274.
Chong GW,Stohlgren TJ.2007.Species-area curves indicate the importance of habitats’contributions to regional biodiversity.Ecological Indicators,7:387-395.
Drakare S,Lennon JJ,Hillebrand H.2006.The imprint of geographical,evolutionary and ecological context on speciesarea relationships.Ecology Letters,9:215-227.
Eldridge DJ,Tozer ME.1997.Environmental factors relating to the distribution of terricolous bryophytes and liches in semiarid eastern Australia.Bryologist,100:28-39.
Hill JL,Curran PJ.2003.Area,shape and isolation of tropical forest fragments:Effects on tree species diversity and implications for conservation.Journal of Biogeography,30:1391-1403.
Keeley JE.2003.Relating species abundance distributions to species-area curves in two Mediterranean-type shrublands.Diversity and Distributions,9:253-259.
Kneeshaw DD,Bergeron Y.1998.Canopy gap characteristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest.Ecology,79:783-794.
Lawesson JE,Blust GD,Grashof C,et al.1998.Species diversity and area relationships in Danish beech forests.Forest Ecology and Management,106:235-245.
Lawson D,Jensen HJ.2006.The species-area relationship and evolution.Journal of Theoretical Biology,241:590-600.
Legrand HE.1973.Hydrological and ecological problems of karst regions:Hydrological actions on limestone regions cause distinctive ecological problems.Science,179:859-864.
Lomolino MV.2000.Ecology’s most general,yet protean pattern:The species-area relationship.Journal of Biogeography,27:17-26.
Midgley GF.2012.Biodiversity and ecosystem function.Science,335:174-175.
Pastor J,Downing A,Erickson HE.1996.Species-area curves and diversity-productivity relationships in beawer meadows of Voyageurs National Park,Minnesota,USA.Oikos,77:399-406.
Scheiner SM.2003.Six types of species-area curves.Global Ecology and Biogeography,12:441-447.
Stohlgren TJ,Chong GW,Kalkhan MA,et al.1997.Multi-scale sampling of plant diversity:Effect of minimum mapping unit size.Ecological Applications,7:1064-1074.
Sweeting MM.1995.Karst in China:Its Geomorphology and Environment.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.
Tjrve E,Kunin WE,Polce C,et al.2008.Species-area relationship:Separating the effects of species abundance and spatial distribution.Journal of Ecology,96:1141-1151.
董世魁,汤琳,王学霞,等.2013.青藏高原高寒草地植物多样性测定的最小样地面积.生物多样性,21(6):651-657.
黄宝强,罗毅波,安德军,等.2011.黄龙钙化滩流地物种-面积关系.生态学报,31(4):1124-1129.
何贤斌,张义刚,杨德润,等.1990.普定县综合农业区划.贵阳:贵州人民出版社:3-97.
姜俊,张春雨,赵秀海.2012.吉林蛟河42 hm2针阔混交林样地植物种-面积关系.植物生态学报,36(1):30-38.
刘灿然,马克平,于顺利,等.1998.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究.Ⅶ:几种类型植物群落临界抽样面积的确定.生态学报,18(1):15-23.
罗黎鸣,武建双,余成群,等.2016.拉萨河谷山地灌丛草地植物多样性监测方法的比较研究.草业学报,25(3):22-31.
龙翠玲.2008.喀斯特森林林隙梯度物种多样性变化规律.广西植物,28(1):57-61.
孟凡栋,王常顺,张振华,等.2013.西藏高原高寒草地群落植物多样性和地上生物量监测方法的比较研究.西北植物学报,33(9):1923-1929.
秦晓威,李刚,王得祥,等.2010.林隙对太白山牛皮桦-巴山冷杉混交林内草本植物多样性的影响.应用生态学报,21(10):2494-2500.
沈蕾,郭水良,宋洪涛,等.2011.样方大小对苔藓植物生态学指标的影响.广西植物,31(2):198-203.
唐志尧,乔秀娟,方精云.2009.生物群落的种-面积关系.生物多样性,17(6):549-559.
王兴,宋乃平,杨新国,等.2016.荒漠草原植物多样性分布格局对微地形尺度环境变化的响应.水土保持学报,30(4):274-280,328.
武晶,余新春,刘志民,等.2017.科尔沁沙地“生境岛屿”面积对植物物种多样性及其分布格局的影响.生态学杂志,36(1):43-53.
杨利民,韩梅,赵淑春.1996.松嫩平原草地植物多样性取样强度的研究.吉林农业大学学报,18(4):33-36.
余建英,何旭宏.2003.数据统计分析与SPSS应用.北京:人民邮电出版社.
张金屯.2004.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社.
张锋,李自珍,惠苍.2004.中国湿地物种多样性与生境面积关系及其生态学机理的模拟研究.西北植物学报,24(3):392-396.
张蕊,陈军强,侯尧宸,等.2013.亚高山草甸植物群落植物物种数与取样面积的关系.生态学杂志,32(9):2268-2274.
Chong GW,Stohlgren TJ.2007.Species-area curves indicate the importance of habitats’contributions to regional biodiversity.Ecological Indicators,7:387-395.
Drakare S,Lennon JJ,Hillebrand H.2006.The imprint of geographical,evolutionary and ecological context on speciesarea relationships.Ecology Letters,9:215-227.
Eldridge DJ,Tozer ME.1997.Environmental factors relating to the distribution of terricolous bryophytes and liches in semiarid eastern Australia.Bryologist,100:28-39.
Hill JL,Curran PJ.2003.Area,shape and isolation of tropical forest fragments:Effects on tree species diversity and implications for conservation.Journal of Biogeography,30:1391-1403.
Keeley JE.2003.Relating species abundance distributions to species-area curves in two Mediterranean-type shrublands.Diversity and Distributions,9:253-259.
Kneeshaw DD,Bergeron Y.1998.Canopy gap characteristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest.Ecology,79:783-794.
Lawesson JE,Blust GD,Grashof C,et al.1998.Species diversity and area relationships in Danish beech forests.Forest Ecology and Management,106:235-245.
Lawson D,Jensen HJ.2006.The species-area relationship and evolution.Journal of Theoretical Biology,241:590-600.
Legrand HE.1973.Hydrological and ecological problems of karst regions:Hydrological actions on limestone regions cause distinctive ecological problems.Science,179:859-864.
Lomolino MV.2000.Ecology’s most general,yet protean pattern:The species-area relationship.Journal of Biogeography,27:17-26.
Midgley GF.2012.Biodiversity and ecosystem function.Science,335:174-175.
Pastor J,Downing A,Erickson HE.1996.Species-area curves and diversity-productivity relationships in beawer meadows of Voyageurs National Park,Minnesota,USA.Oikos,77:399-406.
Scheiner SM.2003.Six types of species-area curves.Global Ecology and Biogeography,12:441-447.
Stohlgren TJ,Chong GW,Kalkhan MA,et al.1997.Multi-scale sampling of plant diversity:Effect of minimum mapping unit size.Ecological Applications,7:1064-1074.
Sweeting MM.1995.Karst in China:Its Geomorphology and Environment.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.
Tjrve E,Kunin WE,Polce C,et al.2008.Species-area relationship:Separating the effects of species abundance and spatial distribution.Journal of Ecology,96:1141-1151.
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