不同扰动带设置对坡耕地产流产沙的影响
|
摘要
为研究减小坡耕地水土流失的方法,试验在5°,10°和15°的径流小区内沿等高线设置扰动带(长条形翻耕扰动区域,投影宽度30 cm),研究其对坡耕地产流产沙的影响。通过改变扰动带的位置(小区上方或下方)、坡度(水平状或原坡状)和覆盖情况(有覆盖或无覆盖)对小区进行处理,并与CK(未设置扰动带的小区)进行比较。结果表明,设置扰动带可延迟产流时间,扰动带的位置变化对产流时间的影响最明显,其中,设置于小区下方水平有覆盖的扰动带延迟产流效果最好,产流时间延迟6.4～8.1 min;所有扰动带均有减流效果,设置于下方水平有覆盖的扰动带减流效果最好,与CK相比产流量减少42.81%～43.74%;扰动带的减沙效果与覆盖条件有关,有覆盖的扰动带具有明显的减沙效果,无覆盖的扰动带减沙效果不明显,甚至造成产沙量增加,其中,设置于下方水平有覆盖的扰动带减沙效果最好,与CK相比,产沙量减少32.47%～44.14%。
To study the method of reducing soil and water loss in slope farmland, this experiment set up a disturbed belt along the contour line in the runoff plots of 5°,10°and 15°(long strip plowing disturbed zone, projection width 30 cm), and studied the impact to runoff and sediment yield in slope farmland. The district was processed by changing the position of the disturbed belt(above or below the district), the slope(horizontal or original slope)and the mulching(with or without mulching)and was compared with CK(district without disturbed belt). The results showed that the setting of the disturbed belt could delay the time of production runoff, and the position change of the disturbed belt had the most obvious influence on the runoff time. The disturbed belt with mulching in the horizontal slope below the district had the best effect on delaying runoff, and the runoff time was delayed by 6.4-8.1 min. All the disturbed belts had the effect of runoff and sediment reduction, and the disturbed belt with mulching in the horizontal slope below the district had the best effect of reducing runoff, and the runoff yield was reduced by 42.81%-43.74% compared with CK. The sediment-reducing effect of the disturbed belt was related to the mulching condition. The disturbed belt with mulching had obvious effect, while the disturbed belt without mulching had no obvious effect of reducing sediment, and even caused an increase in sediment yield. The disturbed belt with mulching in the horizontal slope below the district had the best sediment reduction effect. Compared with CK, the sediment yield was reduced by 32.47%-44.14%.
To study the method of reducing soil and water loss in slope farmland, this experiment set up a disturbed belt along the contour line in the runoff plots of 5°,10°and 15°(long strip plowing disturbed zone, projection width 30 cm), and studied the impact to runoff and sediment yield in slope farmland. The district was processed by changing the position of the disturbed belt(above or below the district), the slope(horizontal or original slope)and the mulching(with or without mulching)and was compared with CK(district without disturbed belt). The results showed that the setting of the disturbed belt could delay the time of production runoff, and the position change of the disturbed belt had the most obvious influence on the runoff time. The disturbed belt with mulching in the horizontal slope below the district had the best effect on delaying runoff, and the runoff time was delayed by 6.4-8.1 min. All the disturbed belts had the effect of runoff and sediment reduction, and the disturbed belt with mulching in the horizontal slope below the district had the best effect of reducing runoff, and the runoff yield was reduced by 42.81%-43.74% compared with CK. The sediment-reducing effect of the disturbed belt was related to the mulching condition. The disturbed belt with mulching had obvious effect, while the disturbed belt without mulching had no obvious effect of reducing sediment, and even caused an increase in sediment yield. The disturbed belt with mulching in the horizontal slope below the district had the best sediment reduction effect. Compared with CK, the sediment yield was reduced by 32.47%-44.14%.
引文
[1]秦天枝.我国水土流失的原因、危害及对策[J].生态经济,2009(10):163-169.
[2]莫非,周宏,王建永,等.田间微集雨技术研究及应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):1-17.
[3]靳长兴.坡度在坡面侵蚀中的作用[J].地理研究,1996(3):57-63.
[4]裴峥,段喜明.翻耕和覆盖对坡耕地产流产沙的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(6):412-416.
[5]赵龙山,侯瑞,吴发启,等.坡度对农业耕作措施水土保持作用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):69-72,78.
[6]陈诚,郝治邦.模拟降雨下不同坡度土壤坡面产流产沙特征及磷和钾素流失研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):70-76,83.
[7]王添,任宗萍,李鹏,等.模拟降雨条件下坡度与地表糙度对径流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):1-6.
[8]郑子成,何淑勤,吴发启.降雨条件下地表糙度对片蚀的影响及其变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S1):139-145.
[9]郭建华,吴发启,梁心兰,等.坡耕地地表糙度对降水分配的实验研究[J].水土保持研究,2008(3):11-14,19.
[10]张建军,纳磊,方家强.晋西黄土区坡面糙率的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007(1):108-113.
[11]李龙,郝明德,王安,等.人工降雨条件下耕翻面积对水土流失的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(5):34-38,44.
[12]车明轩,宫渊波,曾倩,等.不同雨强、坡度对秸秆覆盖保持水土效果的影响[J].水土保学报,2016,30(2):131-135,142.
[13]覃超,郑粉莉,徐锡蒙,等.玉米秸秆缓冲带防治黄土坡面细沟侵蚀的效果[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(1):8-15.
[14]王安,郝明德,王荚文.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖及留茬的水土保持效应[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(2):26-28,34.
[15]张翼夫,李洪文,何进,等.玉米秸秆覆盖对坡面产流产沙过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):118-124.
[16]唐涛,郝明德,单凤霞.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖减少水土流失的效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008(1):9-11,40.
[2]莫非,周宏,王建永,等.田间微集雨技术研究及应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):1-17.
[3]靳长兴.坡度在坡面侵蚀中的作用[J].地理研究,1996(3):57-63.
[4]裴峥,段喜明.翻耕和覆盖对坡耕地产流产沙的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(6):412-416.
[5]赵龙山,侯瑞,吴发启,等.坡度对农业耕作措施水土保持作用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):69-72,78.
[6]陈诚,郝治邦.模拟降雨下不同坡度土壤坡面产流产沙特征及磷和钾素流失研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):70-76,83.
[7]王添,任宗萍,李鹏,等.模拟降雨条件下坡度与地表糙度对径流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):1-6.
[8]郑子成,何淑勤,吴发启.降雨条件下地表糙度对片蚀的影响及其变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S1):139-145.
[9]郭建华,吴发启,梁心兰,等.坡耕地地表糙度对降水分配的实验研究[J].水土保持研究,2008(3):11-14,19.
[10]张建军,纳磊,方家强.晋西黄土区坡面糙率的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007(1):108-113.
[11]李龙,郝明德,王安,等.人工降雨条件下耕翻面积对水土流失的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(5):34-38,44.
[12]车明轩,宫渊波,曾倩,等.不同雨强、坡度对秸秆覆盖保持水土效果的影响[J].水土保学报,2016,30(2):131-135,142.
[13]覃超,郑粉莉,徐锡蒙,等.玉米秸秆缓冲带防治黄土坡面细沟侵蚀的效果[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(1):8-15.
[14]王安,郝明德,王荚文.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖及留茬的水土保持效应[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(2):26-28,34.
[15]张翼夫,李洪文,何进,等.玉米秸秆覆盖对坡面产流产沙过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):118-124.
[16]唐涛,郝明德,单凤霞.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖减少水土流失的效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008(1):9-11,40.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |