叠前同时反演技术在珠江口盆地西部海域天然气水合物储层预测中的应用
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摘要
珠江口盆地西部海域发育弱BSR或无BSR的天然气水合物储层,常规叠后反演所获得的参数单一,难以精确预测其天然气水合物分布特征。本文在地震道集优化处理、精细速度分析、岩石物理分析及低频模型精确建立的基础上,针对性地采用叠前同时反演技术,对珠江口盆地西部海域天然气水合物储层进行预测,并利用岩相流体概率分析技术对其进行综合识别,实现了对天然气水合物储层地精细刻画。反演预测结果表明,研究区天然气水合物较为发育,预测结果与钻探结果吻合程度较高,应用效果良好。
Weak BSR or no BSR is developed in western Pearl River Mouth basin.The conventional post-stack inversion obtains only one parameter,and it is difficult to accurately predict the gas hydrates distribution characteristics.Based on seismic gather optimization,fine velocity analysis,petrophysical analysis and accurate establishment of low-frequency models,the authors used pre-stack simultaneous inversion technology to predict gas hydrate reservoirs in western Pearl River Mouth basin,adopted facies and fluid probabilities analysis technology to comprehensively identify the gas hydrate reservoirs in the study area,and achieved a fine characterization of the gas hydrates.The inversion prediction results show that the gas hydrates are developed well in the study area,and the prediction results are consistent with the drilling results,implying that the application effect of pre-stack simultaneous inversion technology is ideal.
Weak BSR or no BSR is developed in western Pearl River Mouth basin.The conventional post-stack inversion obtains only one parameter,and it is difficult to accurately predict the gas hydrates distribution characteristics.Based on seismic gather optimization,fine velocity analysis,petrophysical analysis and accurate establishment of low-frequency models,the authors used pre-stack simultaneous inversion technology to predict gas hydrate reservoirs in western Pearl River Mouth basin,adopted facies and fluid probabilities analysis technology to comprehensively identify the gas hydrate reservoirs in the study area,and achieved a fine characterization of the gas hydrates.The inversion prediction results show that the gas hydrates are developed well in the study area,and the prediction results are consistent with the drilling results,implying that the application effect of pre-stack simultaneous inversion technology is ideal.
引文
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[15]沙志彬,梁金强,郑涛,等.地震属性在水合物预测中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(5):185-190.Sha Z B,Liang J Q,Zheng T,et al. The application of seismic attributes to the prediction of gas hydrates[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,33(5):185-190.
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[17] Mosher D C,Pipe D J W,Campbell D C.Near-face geology and sediment-failure geohazards of the central Scotian Slope[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2004,8:703-723.
[18] Mahapatra M,Mahapatra S. Seismic diffraction tomography technique using very fast simulated annealing method for delineating small subsurface features[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,67(2):125-129.
[19]万晓明,梁劲,梁金强,等.叠后波阻抗无井反演技术在T研究区水合物分布预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2016,40(3):438-444.Wan X M,Liang J,Liang J Q,et al. The application of post-stack impedance inversion without well to the prediction of gas hydrate distribution in T study area[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(3):438-444.
[20]牛滨华,文鹏飞,温宁,等.基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):143-151.Niu B H,Wen P F,Wen N,et al.Estimation of hydrate concentration based on AVO modeling of BSR[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(1):143-151.
[21]黄保家.琼东南盆地水合物潜力及有利勘探方向[J].天然气工业,1999,19(1):34-40.Huang B J. Gas potential and its favorable exploration areas in Qiongdongnan basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(1):34-40.
[22]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):103-107.Wang X J,Wu S G,Dong D D,et al.Characteristics of gas chimney and its relationship to gas hydrate in Qiongdongnan basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2008,28(3):103-107.
[23]梁金强,王宏斌,苏新,等.南海北部陆坡水合物成藏条件及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(7):128-134.Liang J Q,Wang H B,Su X,et al. Natural gas hydrate formation conditions and the associated controlling factors in the northern slope of the South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(7):128-134.
[24]马云,李三忠,梁金强,等.南海北部琼东南盆地海底滑坡特征及其成因机制[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(s3):197-203.Ma Y,Li S Z,Liang J Q,et al. Characteristics and mechanism of submarine landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin,northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(s3):197-203.
[25]张旭东.琼东南海域水合物地震反射特征[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1152-1158.Zhang X D.The seismic reflection characteristics of gas hydrate in southeast Hainan sea area of the South China Sea[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(6):1152-1158.
[26]廖计华,王华,孙志鹏,等.琼东南盆地深水区长昌凹陷构造演化及其对层序样式的控制[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(8):3121-3131.Liao J H,Wang H,Sun Z P,et al. Tectonic evolution and its controlling on sequence pattern of Chang-chang sag,deepwater area of Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(8):3121-3131.
[2] Collett T S.Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1971-1992.
[3]陈多福,李绪宣,夏斌.南海琼东南盆地水合物稳定域分布特征及资源预测[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):483-488.Chen D F,Li X X,Xia B. Distribution of gas hydrate stable zones and resource prediction in the Qiongdongnan basin of the South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):483-488.
[4]张光学,祝有海,徐华宁.非活动大陆边缘的水合物及其成藏过程述评[J].地质评论,2003,49(2):181-186.Zhang G X,Zhu Y H,Xu H N.A Review of gas hydrate on the passive continental margin and its pool-formation process[J]. Geological Review,2003,49(2):181-186,doi:10. 3321/j. issn:0371-5736.2003.02.010.
[5]蒲晓强,陶小晚,张会领.南海北部陆坡水合物存在的地球物理和地球化学特征[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):620-626.Pu X Q,Tao X W,Zhang H L.Geophysical and geochemical character of natural gas hydrate occurrence in northern continental slope of South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(4):620-626.
[6]龚跃华,张光学,郭依群,等.南海北部神狐海域水合物成矿远景[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,32(2):97-104.Gong Y H,Zhang G X,Guo Y Q,et al.Prospect of gas hydrate resources in the area to southwest Shenhu of northern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,32(2):97-104.
[7]苏丕波,乔少华,付少英,等.南海北部琼东南盆地水合物成藏数值模拟[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(7):1111-1117.Sun P B,Qiao S H,Fu S Y,et al.Numerical simulation of gas hydrate accumulation in Qiongdongnan basin,northern South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(7):1111-1117.
[8]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1691-1698.Xun H N,Yang S X,Zheng X D,et al.Seismic identification of gas hydrate and its distribution in Shenhu Area,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(7):1692-1698.
[9]杨睿,吴能友,白杰,等.南海北部无明显BSR地区水合物识别研究[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):1033-1040.Yang R,Wu N Y,Bai J,et al. Gas hydrate identification in nonBSR region,northern South China Sea[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(2):1033-1040.
[10]宋海滨,张岭,江为为,等.水合物的地球物理研究(III):似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):182-186.Song H B,Zhang L,Jiang W W,et al. Geophysical researches on marine gashydrates(III):bottom simulating reflections[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(2):182-186.
[11]徐华宁,张光学,郑晓东,等.井震联合分析预测神狐海域水合物可能的垂向分布[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(10):3363-3371.Xu H N,Zhang G X,Zheng X D,et al. Integrated analysis of well logs and seismic data to deduce the possible distribution in depth of gas hydrate in Shenhu Area,South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(10):3363-3371.
[12] Ecker C,Dvorkin J,Nur A M.Estimating the amount of gas hydrate and free gas from marine seismic data[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(2):5653-573.
[13] Tayler M I,Dillon W P,Pecher I A. Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir:new insights from seismic data[J].Marine Geology,2000,164:79-89.
[14]宋海滨,松林修,杨胜雄,等.海洋水合物的地球物理研究(II):地震方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110-115.Song H B,Song L X,Yang S X,et al. Geophysical researches on marine gashydrates(II):seismic methods[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(3):110-115.
[15]沙志彬,梁金强,郑涛,等.地震属性在水合物预测中的应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(5):185-190.Sha Z B,Liang J Q,Zheng T,et al. The application of seismic attributes to the prediction of gas hydrates[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2013,33(5):185-190.
[16]王秀娟,吴时国,徐宁.地震属性参数在识别水合物和游离气分布模式中的应用[J].海洋与湖沼,2006,37(3):271-277.Wang X J,Wu S G,Xu N. Determining the distribution model of hydrate and free gas occurrence in sediment with seismic attribute parameters[J]. Oceanologia et limnologia sinica,2006,37(3):271-277.
[17] Mosher D C,Pipe D J W,Campbell D C.Near-face geology and sediment-failure geohazards of the central Scotian Slope[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2004,8:703-723.
[18] Mahapatra M,Mahapatra S. Seismic diffraction tomography technique using very fast simulated annealing method for delineating small subsurface features[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,67(2):125-129.
[19]万晓明,梁劲,梁金强,等.叠后波阻抗无井反演技术在T研究区水合物分布预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2016,40(3):438-444.Wan X M,Liang J,Liang J Q,et al. The application of post-stack impedance inversion without well to the prediction of gas hydrate distribution in T study area[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(3):438-444.
[20]牛滨华,文鹏飞,温宁,等.基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):143-151.Niu B H,Wen P F,Wen N,et al.Estimation of hydrate concentration based on AVO modeling of BSR[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(1):143-151.
[21]黄保家.琼东南盆地水合物潜力及有利勘探方向[J].天然气工业,1999,19(1):34-40.Huang B J. Gas potential and its favorable exploration areas in Qiongdongnan basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(1):34-40.
[22]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):103-107.Wang X J,Wu S G,Dong D D,et al.Characteristics of gas chimney and its relationship to gas hydrate in Qiongdongnan basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2008,28(3):103-107.
[23]梁金强,王宏斌,苏新,等.南海北部陆坡水合物成藏条件及其控制因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(7):128-134.Liang J Q,Wang H B,Su X,et al. Natural gas hydrate formation conditions and the associated controlling factors in the northern slope of the South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(7):128-134.
[24]马云,李三忠,梁金强,等.南海北部琼东南盆地海底滑坡特征及其成因机制[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(s3):197-203.Ma Y,Li S Z,Liang J Q,et al. Characteristics and mechanism of submarine landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin,northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(s3):197-203.
[25]张旭东.琼东南海域水合物地震反射特征[J].物探与化探,2014,38(6):1152-1158.Zhang X D.The seismic reflection characteristics of gas hydrate in southeast Hainan sea area of the South China Sea[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(6):1152-1158.
[26]廖计华,王华,孙志鹏,等.琼东南盆地深水区长昌凹陷构造演化及其对层序样式的控制[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(8):3121-3131.Liao J H,Wang H,Sun Z P,et al. Tectonic evolution and its controlling on sequence pattern of Chang-chang sag,deepwater area of Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(8):3121-3131.
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