广西贝江大型底栖动物群落结构时空分布特征
|
摘要
为了解贝江大型底栖动物群落结构特征并对其水质进行生物学评价,于2015年1、8月对贝江流域17个采样点进行了调查,共采集大型底栖动物146个分类单元,隶属于8纲20目52科,其中昆虫纲所占比例最高(86.99%),软体动物次之(6.16%)。贝江底栖动物群落结构存在季节性差异,群落数量特征和结构复杂性均表现为冬季>夏季。无度量多维标定排序和ANOSIM分析发现,贝江流域冬季和夏季底栖动物群落组成存在显著差异(r=0.26,P<0.001)。群落相似性分析表明,贝江底栖动物存在显著的空间差异,整个流域可以分为2组,组1基本分布在自然河段,组2主要包括电站采样点和贝江下游采样点,各组间差异显著(P<0.01)。底栖动物功能摄食类群以集食者(55%)和撕食者为主(16%),其次为滤食者(14%)和捕食者(11%),刮食者(4%)所占比例较小。水质评价结果显示,Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数(H′)评价贝江水质为轻污-清洁。Hilsenhoff生物指数(BI)评价贝江流域水质属于清洁,与实际水质情况最接近。总体上,贝江流域自然河段底栖动物群落结构复杂多样,整体水质清洁。
To explore the macroinvertebrate community structure characteristics and water quality conditions based biologic assessment, a total of 17 sections of the Beijiang River were surveyed in January and August 2015, respectively.Results showed that 146 taxa, belonging to 52 families,20 orders and 8 classes were identified.Insecta(86.99%) was a dominant class, followed by Mollusca(6.16%).The macroinvertebrate community structure exhibited the significant temporal and spatial differences through non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis, ANOSIM analysis and cluster analysis. The quantitative features and complexity of macroinvertebrate community structure in winter exceed that in summer. The 17 sections could be divided into two groups by the cluster analysis.The sections of one group distributed in the natural reach, whereas the sections of another group located in the power station and the lower reach of the Beijiang River. The results of functional feeding groups showed that gather-collectors(55%) and shredders(16%) were the main components in the Beijiang River, followed by filter-collectors(14%) and predators(11%), while scrapers(4%) only accounted for small percentages. The water quality of the Beijiang River was in the level of clean-mild pollution evaluated by Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index(H′). Hilsenhoff biotic index(BI) showed the water quality was clean, which was in accordance with the actual observations. As a whole, the macroinvertebrate community structures were more complexity in upper natural reaches than in artificial and lower reaches, and the water quality of the Beijiang River was in a good conditions.
To explore the macroinvertebrate community structure characteristics and water quality conditions based biologic assessment, a total of 17 sections of the Beijiang River were surveyed in January and August 2015, respectively.Results showed that 146 taxa, belonging to 52 families,20 orders and 8 classes were identified.Insecta(86.99%) was a dominant class, followed by Mollusca(6.16%).The macroinvertebrate community structure exhibited the significant temporal and spatial differences through non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis, ANOSIM analysis and cluster analysis. The quantitative features and complexity of macroinvertebrate community structure in winter exceed that in summer. The 17 sections could be divided into two groups by the cluster analysis.The sections of one group distributed in the natural reach, whereas the sections of another group located in the power station and the lower reach of the Beijiang River. The results of functional feeding groups showed that gather-collectors(55%) and shredders(16%) were the main components in the Beijiang River, followed by filter-collectors(14%) and predators(11%), while scrapers(4%) only accounted for small percentages. The water quality of the Beijiang River was in the level of clean-mild pollution evaluated by Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index(H′). Hilsenhoff biotic index(BI) showed the water quality was clean, which was in accordance with the actual observations. As a whole, the macroinvertebrate community structures were more complexity in upper natural reaches than in artificial and lower reaches, and the water quality of the Beijiang River was in a good conditions.
引文
[1] WALLACE J B,WEBTER J R.The Role of Macroinvertebrates in Stream Ecosystem Function[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1996,41(1):115-139.
[2] AGGREY-FYNN J,GALYUON I,AHETO D W,et al.Assessment of the Environmental Conditions and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Two Coastal Lagoons in Ghana[J].Annals of Biological Research,2011,2(5):413-424.
[3] European Commission.Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council-Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy[R].Brussels:Belgium,2000.
[4] BARBOUR M T,GERRISEN J,SNYDER B D,et al.Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers:Periphyton,Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish.US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA841-B-9-9002) [M].Washington DC:USEPA,Office of Water,1999.
[5] TOURON-PONCET H,BERNADET C,COMPIN A,et al.Implementing the Water Framework Directive in Overseas Europe:A Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index for River Bioassessment in Caribbean islands[J].Limnologica,2014,47:34-43.
[6] MASON C F.Biology of Freshwater Pollution[M].4th Edition.Upper Saddle River:Prentice-Hall,2002.
[7] HILSENHOFF W L.Rapid Field Assessment of Organic Pollution with a Family-Level Biotic Index[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,1988,7(1):65-68.
[8] LINDERNMAYER D B,MARGULES C R,BOTKIN D B.Indicators of Biodiversity for Ecologically Sustaninable Forest Management[J].Conservation Biology,2004,14(4):941-950.
[9] 唐鑫,蔡德所,黎佛林,等.贝江硅藻生态群落特征及水质评价[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(6):1-5.TANG Xin,CAI Desuo,LI Fulin,et al.Ecological Characteristics of Diatom Communities and Water Quality Assessment in Beijiang River Basin[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Nature Sciences),2013,35(6):1-5.
[10] 苟婷,马千里,许振成,等.贝江浮游藻类群落特征及富营养化风险分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):946-954.GOU Ting,MA Qianli,XU Zhencheng,et al.Phytoplankton Community Structure and Eutrophication Risk Assessment of Beijiang River[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(3):946-954.
[11] ZHAO X M,YAO L G,MA Q L,et al.Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Cadmium in Water and Sediment in Longjiang River,China:Implication on Water Quality Management After Pollution Accident[J].Chemosphere,2018,194:107-116.
[12] 田茂连.贝江流域暴雨高值中心区水文特性[J].水文,2004,24(3):58-61.TIAN Maolian.Hydrologic Characteristics of The High Value Central Region of The Rainstorm in the Beijiang River Basin[J].Hydrolody,2004,24(3):58-61.
[13] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbanna:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[14] MARGALEF D R.Perspectives in Ecological Theory[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1968.
[15] HILSENHOFF W L.An Improved Biotic Index of Organic Stream Pollution[J].Great Lakes Entomologist,1987,20(1):31-39.
[16] 蒋万祥,贾兴焕,周淑婵,等.香溪河大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):923-928.JIANG Wanxiang,JIA Xinghuan,ZHOU Shuchan,et al.Seasonal Dynamics of Macrozoobenthos Community Structure in Xiangxi River[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(4):923-928.
[17] 赵茜,高欣,张远,等.广西红水河大型底栖动物群落结构时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(10):1 150-1 156.ZHAO Qian,GAO Xin,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Study on Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Macroinvertebrate Communities in Hongshui River,Guangxi Province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(10):1 150-1 156.
[18] 刘祥,陈凯,陈求稳,等.淮河流域典型河流夏秋季底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(6):1 928-1 938.LIU Xiang,CHEN Kai,CHEN Qiuwen,et al.The Community Structure of Macroinvertebrate and Its Relationship to the Environmental Factors in Summer and Autumn Within Typical Reaches of Huai River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(6):1 928-1 938.
[19] 陈光程,余丹,叶勇,等.红树林植被对大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33:327-336.CHEN Guangcheng,YU Dan,YE Yong,et al.Impacts of Mangrove Vegetation on Macro-benthic Faunal Communities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(2):327-336.
[20] MUNDAHL N D,HUNT A M.Recovery of Stream Invertebrates After Catastrophic Flooding in Southeastern Minnesota,USA[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2011,26(4):445-457.
[21] 彭松耀,李新正.乳山近海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5 274-5 285.PENG Songyao,LI Xinzheng.Functional Feeding Groups of Macrozoobenthos from Coastal Water of Rushan[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(17):5 274-5 285.
[22] 于婷婷,徐奎栋.长江口及邻近海域秋冬季小型底栖动物类群组成与分布[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4 556-4 566.YU Tingting,XU Kuidong.Assemblage Composition and Distribution of Meiobenthos in the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters in Autumn-Winter Season[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(15):4 556-4 566.
[23] 任海庆,袁兴中,刘红,等.环境因子对河流底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(10):3 148-3 156.REN Haiqing,YUAN Xingzhong,LIU Hong,et al.The Effects of Environment Factors on Community Structure of Benthic Invertebrate in Rivers[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(10):3 148-3 156.
[24] 陈浒,李厚琼,吴迪,等.乌江梯级电站开发对大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构和多样性的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(12):1 462-1 469.CHEN Hu,LI Houqiong,WU Di,et al.Effect of Step Hydroelectric Exploits on Community Structure and Biodeversity of Macroinvertebrates in Wujiang River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(12):1 462-1 469.
[25] 渠晓东.香溪河大型底栖动物时空动态、生物完整性及小水电站的影响研究[D].北京:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2006.
[26] 罗欢,陈骞,吴琼,等.武江梯级水电站开发对底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].人民珠江,2016,37(5):80-84.LUO Huan,CHEN Qian,WU Qiong,et al.Effects of Cascade Hydroelectric Exploits on Community Structure of Macrobenthos in Wujiang River[J].Pearl River,2016,37(5):80-84.
[27] 王璐,杨海军,李昆,等.长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].生态学报,2018,38(13):DOI:10.5846/stxb201707121259.WANG Lu,YANG Haijun,LI Kun,et al.Seasonal Dynamics of Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in a Headwater Stream in the Changbai Mountains[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(13):DOI:10.5846/stxb201707121259.
[28] 李强,杨莲芳,吴璟,等.西苕溪EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3 817-3 825.LI Qiang,YANG Lianfang,WU Jing,et al.Canonical Correspondence Analysis Between EPT Community Distribution and Environmental Factors in Xitiaoxi River,Zhejiang,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(11):3 817-3 825.
[29] 王强,袁兴中,刘红.西南山地源头溪流附石性水生昆虫群落特征及多样性:以重庆鱼肚河为例[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(5):887-892.WANG Qiang,YUAN Xingzhong,LIU Hong,et al.Community and Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects Attached on the Stones in Upland Headwater Stream of Southwestern China:A Case Study of Yudu Stream in Chongqing[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(5):887-892.
[30] VANNOTE R L,MINSHALL G W,CUMMINS K W,et al.The River Continuum Concep[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1980,37:130-137.
[31] CUMMINS K W,WILZBACH M A,GATES D M,et al.Shredders and Riparian Vegetation[J].Bioscience,1989,39:24-30.
[32] HAAPALA A,MUOTKA T,LAASONEN P.Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Leaf Litter in Relation to Stream Bed Retentivity Implications for Head Water Stream Restoration[J].Boreal Environmental Research,2003,8:19-30.
[33] 吴东浩,王备新,张咏,等.底栖动物生物指数水质评价进展及在中国的应用前景[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(2):129-134.WU Donghao,WANG Beixin,ZHANG Yong,et al.Advances in the Use of Biotic Index for Water Quality Bioassessment with Benthic Macroinvertebrate and Its Perspective in China[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2011,34(2):129-134.
[34] 王备新,杨莲芳.我国东部底栖无脊椎动物主要分类单元耐污值[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2 768-2 775.WANG Beixin,YANG Lianfang.Advances in Rapid Bio-assessment of Water Quality Using Benthic Macro-Invertebrates[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2001,24(4):107-111.
[35] 赵瑞,高欣,丁森,等.辽河流域大型底栖动物耐污值[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4 797-4 809.ZHAO Rui,GAO Xin,DING Sen,et al.Tolerance Values of Macroinvertebrate Taxa in Liao River Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(14):4 797-4 809.
[2] AGGREY-FYNN J,GALYUON I,AHETO D W,et al.Assessment of the Environmental Conditions and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Two Coastal Lagoons in Ghana[J].Annals of Biological Research,2011,2(5):413-424.
[3] European Commission.Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council-Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy[R].Brussels:Belgium,2000.
[4] BARBOUR M T,GERRISEN J,SNYDER B D,et al.Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers:Periphyton,Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish.US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA841-B-9-9002) [M].Washington DC:USEPA,Office of Water,1999.
[5] TOURON-PONCET H,BERNADET C,COMPIN A,et al.Implementing the Water Framework Directive in Overseas Europe:A Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index for River Bioassessment in Caribbean islands[J].Limnologica,2014,47:34-43.
[6] MASON C F.Biology of Freshwater Pollution[M].4th Edition.Upper Saddle River:Prentice-Hall,2002.
[7] HILSENHOFF W L.Rapid Field Assessment of Organic Pollution with a Family-Level Biotic Index[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,1988,7(1):65-68.
[8] LINDERNMAYER D B,MARGULES C R,BOTKIN D B.Indicators of Biodiversity for Ecologically Sustaninable Forest Management[J].Conservation Biology,2004,14(4):941-950.
[9] 唐鑫,蔡德所,黎佛林,等.贝江硅藻生态群落特征及水质评价[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(6):1-5.TANG Xin,CAI Desuo,LI Fulin,et al.Ecological Characteristics of Diatom Communities and Water Quality Assessment in Beijiang River Basin[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Nature Sciences),2013,35(6):1-5.
[10] 苟婷,马千里,许振成,等.贝江浮游藻类群落特征及富营养化风险分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(3):946-954.GOU Ting,MA Qianli,XU Zhencheng,et al.Phytoplankton Community Structure and Eutrophication Risk Assessment of Beijiang River[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(3):946-954.
[11] ZHAO X M,YAO L G,MA Q L,et al.Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Cadmium in Water and Sediment in Longjiang River,China:Implication on Water Quality Management After Pollution Accident[J].Chemosphere,2018,194:107-116.
[12] 田茂连.贝江流域暴雨高值中心区水文特性[J].水文,2004,24(3):58-61.TIAN Maolian.Hydrologic Characteristics of The High Value Central Region of The Rainstorm in the Beijiang River Basin[J].Hydrolody,2004,24(3):58-61.
[13] SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbanna:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[14] MARGALEF D R.Perspectives in Ecological Theory[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1968.
[15] HILSENHOFF W L.An Improved Biotic Index of Organic Stream Pollution[J].Great Lakes Entomologist,1987,20(1):31-39.
[16] 蒋万祥,贾兴焕,周淑婵,等.香溪河大型底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):923-928.JIANG Wanxiang,JIA Xinghuan,ZHOU Shuchan,et al.Seasonal Dynamics of Macrozoobenthos Community Structure in Xiangxi River[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(4):923-928.
[17] 赵茜,高欣,张远,等.广西红水河大型底栖动物群落结构时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(10):1 150-1 156.ZHAO Qian,GAO Xin,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Study on Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Macroinvertebrate Communities in Hongshui River,Guangxi Province[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(10):1 150-1 156.
[18] 刘祥,陈凯,陈求稳,等.淮河流域典型河流夏秋季底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(6):1 928-1 938.LIU Xiang,CHEN Kai,CHEN Qiuwen,et al.The Community Structure of Macroinvertebrate and Its Relationship to the Environmental Factors in Summer and Autumn Within Typical Reaches of Huai River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(6):1 928-1 938.
[19] 陈光程,余丹,叶勇,等.红树林植被对大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33:327-336.CHEN Guangcheng,YU Dan,YE Yong,et al.Impacts of Mangrove Vegetation on Macro-benthic Faunal Communities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(2):327-336.
[20] MUNDAHL N D,HUNT A M.Recovery of Stream Invertebrates After Catastrophic Flooding in Southeastern Minnesota,USA[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2011,26(4):445-457.
[21] 彭松耀,李新正.乳山近海大型底栖动物功能摄食类群[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5 274-5 285.PENG Songyao,LI Xinzheng.Functional Feeding Groups of Macrozoobenthos from Coastal Water of Rushan[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(17):5 274-5 285.
[22] 于婷婷,徐奎栋.长江口及邻近海域秋冬季小型底栖动物类群组成与分布[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4 556-4 566.YU Tingting,XU Kuidong.Assemblage Composition and Distribution of Meiobenthos in the Yangtze Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters in Autumn-Winter Season[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(15):4 556-4 566.
[23] 任海庆,袁兴中,刘红,等.环境因子对河流底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(10):3 148-3 156.REN Haiqing,YUAN Xingzhong,LIU Hong,et al.The Effects of Environment Factors on Community Structure of Benthic Invertebrate in Rivers[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(10):3 148-3 156.
[24] 陈浒,李厚琼,吴迪,等.乌江梯级电站开发对大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构和多样性的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(12):1 462-1 469.CHEN Hu,LI Houqiong,WU Di,et al.Effect of Step Hydroelectric Exploits on Community Structure and Biodeversity of Macroinvertebrates in Wujiang River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(12):1 462-1 469.
[25] 渠晓东.香溪河大型底栖动物时空动态、生物完整性及小水电站的影响研究[D].北京:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2006.
[26] 罗欢,陈骞,吴琼,等.武江梯级水电站开发对底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].人民珠江,2016,37(5):80-84.LUO Huan,CHEN Qian,WU Qiong,et al.Effects of Cascade Hydroelectric Exploits on Community Structure of Macrobenthos in Wujiang River[J].Pearl River,2016,37(5):80-84.
[27] 王璐,杨海军,李昆,等.长白山源头溪流底栖动物群落结构季节动态[J].生态学报,2018,38(13):DOI:10.5846/stxb201707121259.WANG Lu,YANG Haijun,LI Kun,et al.Seasonal Dynamics of Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in a Headwater Stream in the Changbai Mountains[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(13):DOI:10.5846/stxb201707121259.
[28] 李强,杨莲芳,吴璟,等.西苕溪EPT昆虫群落分布与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3 817-3 825.LI Qiang,YANG Lianfang,WU Jing,et al.Canonical Correspondence Analysis Between EPT Community Distribution and Environmental Factors in Xitiaoxi River,Zhejiang,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(11):3 817-3 825.
[29] 王强,袁兴中,刘红.西南山地源头溪流附石性水生昆虫群落特征及多样性:以重庆鱼肚河为例[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(5):887-892.WANG Qiang,YUAN Xingzhong,LIU Hong,et al.Community and Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects Attached on the Stones in Upland Headwater Stream of Southwestern China:A Case Study of Yudu Stream in Chongqing[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(5):887-892.
[30] VANNOTE R L,MINSHALL G W,CUMMINS K W,et al.The River Continuum Concep[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1980,37:130-137.
[31] CUMMINS K W,WILZBACH M A,GATES D M,et al.Shredders and Riparian Vegetation[J].Bioscience,1989,39:24-30.
[32] HAAPALA A,MUOTKA T,LAASONEN P.Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Leaf Litter in Relation to Stream Bed Retentivity Implications for Head Water Stream Restoration[J].Boreal Environmental Research,2003,8:19-30.
[33] 吴东浩,王备新,张咏,等.底栖动物生物指数水质评价进展及在中国的应用前景[J].南京农业大学学报,2011,34(2):129-134.WU Donghao,WANG Beixin,ZHANG Yong,et al.Advances in the Use of Biotic Index for Water Quality Bioassessment with Benthic Macroinvertebrate and Its Perspective in China[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2011,34(2):129-134.
[34] 王备新,杨莲芳.我国东部底栖无脊椎动物主要分类单元耐污值[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2 768-2 775.WANG Beixin,YANG Lianfang.Advances in Rapid Bio-assessment of Water Quality Using Benthic Macro-Invertebrates[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2001,24(4):107-111.
[35] 赵瑞,高欣,丁森,等.辽河流域大型底栖动物耐污值[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4 797-4 809.ZHAO Rui,GAO Xin,DING Sen,et al.Tolerance Values of Macroinvertebrate Taxa in Liao River Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(14):4 797-4 809.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |