不同措施对河套灌区重度盐渍土改良效果
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摘要
为了探究不同灌溉模式施加不同改良剂对河套灌区重度盐渍土的改良效果,设置秸秆深埋(SL)、石膏+有机肥(SF)、对照(CK)3个处理,对河套灌区重度盐渍土土壤盐分在0-70 cm剖面上的分布特点进行研究。结果表明:不同灌溉模式,SL和SF处理在0-15 cm土层均有效降低土壤pH,随改良时间延长改良深度增加pH持续降低,有一定的长效性,滴灌SL与SF处理pH较CK分别下降0.35,0.49,黄灌下降0.42,1.33,对30-70 cm土层影响较小。SF处理碱化度第2年下降达43%,SL处理为40%,滴灌更利于碱化度降低。从抑制盐分积累来看,SL与SF处理能有效抑制盐分0-15 cm土层聚集,黄灌SL与SF处理较CK分别下降13.60%,7.70%,滴灌分别下降31.60%,6.90%,SL处理抑盐效果较显著。土壤盐基离子表明,不同灌溉模式,SL与SF处理均显著降低0-15 cm土层Na~+与HCO_3~-的含量,滴灌降低比例高于黄灌,随着改良时间延长效果越显著,15-70 cm土层无明显变化。石膏加有机肥的施入提高0-70 cm土层SO_4~(2-)、Ca~(2+)及Cl~-的含量。通过对比分析,对河套灌区重度盐渍土治理而言,秸秆深埋和石膏+有机肥均能有效抑制重度盐渍土土壤积盐,有效降低pH及碱化度。整体来看,滴灌模式下石膏+有机肥改良效果优于秸秆深埋。
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation modes on the improvement of severe saline soil in Hetao Irrigation District, this experiment set up three treatments of straw deep burial(SL), gypsum + organic fertilizer(SF) and control(CK), and the distribution characteristics of soil salinity in the 0-70 cm profile of the soil were studied. The results showed that under different irrigation patterns, SL and SF effectively reduced soil pH in 0-15 cm soil layer, the pH decreased continuously with the extension of the treatment time and the increasing of improvement depth. Compared with CK, the pH of SL and SF under drip irrigation decreased by 0.35 and 0.49, respectively, and that of SL and SF under yellow river irrigation decreased by 0.42 and 1.33, respectively, while irrigation mode had little effect on 30-70 cm soil layer. The alkalinity of SF decreased by 43% in the second year and that of SL decreased by 40%, drip irrigation was beneficial to the reduction of alkalinity. In terms of inhibiting salt accumulation, SL and SF could effectively inhibit the aggregation of salt in 0—15 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, the salt of SL and SF under yellow river irrigation decreased by 13.60% and 7.70%, respectively, and that under drip irrigation decreased by 31.60% and 6.90%, respectively. SL had significant salt inhibition effect. The soil salt-based ions showed that the SL and SF significantly reduced the contents of Na~+ and HCO_3~- in 0-15 cm soil layer under different irrigation modes, the reduction ratio of drip irrigation was higher than that of yellow river irrigation, and the effect was more obvious with the extension of the improvement time. While there was no significant change in 15-70 cm soil layer. The application of gypsum and organic fertilizer increased the contents of SO_4~(2-), Ca~(2+) and Cl~-in 0-70 cm soil layer. Through comparative analysis, for the treatment of severe saline soil in Hetao Irrigation Area, both deep burying and gypsum + organic fertilizer could effectively inhibit salt accumulation in severe saline soil, reduce pH and alkalinity. Overall, the improvement effect of gypsum+ organic fertilizer under drip irrigation mode was better than the deep straw burial.
In order to explore the effects of different irrigation modes on the improvement of severe saline soil in Hetao Irrigation District, this experiment set up three treatments of straw deep burial(SL), gypsum + organic fertilizer(SF) and control(CK), and the distribution characteristics of soil salinity in the 0-70 cm profile of the soil were studied. The results showed that under different irrigation patterns, SL and SF effectively reduced soil pH in 0-15 cm soil layer, the pH decreased continuously with the extension of the treatment time and the increasing of improvement depth. Compared with CK, the pH of SL and SF under drip irrigation decreased by 0.35 and 0.49, respectively, and that of SL and SF under yellow river irrigation decreased by 0.42 and 1.33, respectively, while irrigation mode had little effect on 30-70 cm soil layer. The alkalinity of SF decreased by 43% in the second year and that of SL decreased by 40%, drip irrigation was beneficial to the reduction of alkalinity. In terms of inhibiting salt accumulation, SL and SF could effectively inhibit the aggregation of salt in 0—15 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, the salt of SL and SF under yellow river irrigation decreased by 13.60% and 7.70%, respectively, and that under drip irrigation decreased by 31.60% and 6.90%, respectively. SL had significant salt inhibition effect. The soil salt-based ions showed that the SL and SF significantly reduced the contents of Na~+ and HCO_3~- in 0-15 cm soil layer under different irrigation modes, the reduction ratio of drip irrigation was higher than that of yellow river irrigation, and the effect was more obvious with the extension of the improvement time. While there was no significant change in 15-70 cm soil layer. The application of gypsum and organic fertilizer increased the contents of SO_4~(2-), Ca~(2+) and Cl~-in 0-70 cm soil layer. Through comparative analysis, for the treatment of severe saline soil in Hetao Irrigation Area, both deep burying and gypsum + organic fertilizer could effectively inhibit salt accumulation in severe saline soil, reduce pH and alkalinity. Overall, the improvement effect of gypsum+ organic fertilizer under drip irrigation mode was better than the deep straw burial.
引文
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[6]杨军,孙兆军,罗成科,等.水盐调控措施改良龟裂碱土提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):121-128.
[7]毛玉梅,李小平.烟气脱硫石膏对滨海滩涂盐碱地的改良效果研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):225-231.
[8]孙兆军,赵秀海,王静,等.脱硫石膏改良龟裂碱土对枸杞根际土壤理化性质及根系生长的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):107-110.
[9]罗佳,盛建东,王永旭,等.不同有机肥对盐渍化耕地土壤盐分、养分及棉花产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):48-53.
[10]Oumi Y,Albacete A,Cantero E,et al.Influence of municipal solid waste(MSW)compost on hormonal status and biomass partitioning in two forage species growing under saline soil conditions[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,64(3):142-150.
[11]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.膜下滴灌系统不同应用年限棉田根区盐分变化及适耕性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):90-99.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京：中国农业出版社,2000:189-196.
[13]毛玉东,梁社往,何忠俊,等.土壤pH对滇重楼生长、养分含量和总皂甙含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):985-989.
[14]南江宽,陈效民,王晓洋,等.石膏与肥料配施对滨海盐土降盐抑碱的效果研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2014,37(4):103-108.
[15]韩剑宏,李艳伟,张连科,等.生物炭和脱硫石膏对盐碱土壤基本理化性质及玉米生长的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(9):5291-5297.
[16]沈婧丽,王彬,田小萍,等.不同改良模式对盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(2):338-344.
[17]郑晓辉,巴特尔·巴克,李宏,等.不同灌水方式下干旱区盐碱地土壤水盐运移特征分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(5):95-99,148-149.
[18]刘师敏,李培贵,张振希,等.盐碱地施用脱硫废弃物对甜菜种植的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(3):1085-1087.
[19]邵孝候,张宇杰,常婷婷,等.生物有机肥对盐渍土壤水盐动态及番茄产量的影响[J].河海大学学报（自然科学版）,2018,46(2):153-160.
[20]李芙荣,杨劲松,吴亚坤,等.不同秸秆埋深对苏北滩涂盐渍土水盐动态变化的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1101-1107.
[21]范富,徐寿军,宋桂云,等.玉米秸秆造夹层处理对西辽河地区盐碱地改良效应研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(3):696-701.
[22]王旭,何俊,孙兆军,等.脱硫石膏糠醛渣对碱化盐土入渗及盐分离子的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(5):1210-1217.
[23]卢闯.玉米秸秆隔层对土壤溶液盐浓度与离子运动的影响[D].北京：中国农业科学院,2017.
[24]陈建,王文芬.滴灌条件下脱硫石膏对甘肃盐碱地的改良效果研究[J].节水灌溉,2018(5):35-38.
[25]刘娟,张凤华,李小东,等.滴灌条件下脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良效果及安全性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):87-93.
[2]Setia R,Gottschalk P,Smith P,et al.Soil salinity decreases global soil organic carbon stocks[J].Science Total Environment,2013,465:267-272.
[3]杨劲松.中国盐渍土研究的发展历程与展望[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):837-845.
[4]张密密,陈诚,刘广明,等.适宜肥料与改良剂改善盐碱土壤理化特性并提高作物产量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):91-98.
[5]Isidoro D,Grattan S.Predicting soil salinity in response to different irrigation practices,soil types and rainfall scenarios[J].Irrigation Science,2011,29:197-211.
[6]杨军,孙兆军,罗成科,等.水盐调控措施改良龟裂碱土提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):121-128.
[7]毛玉梅,李小平.烟气脱硫石膏对滨海滩涂盐碱地的改良效果研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):225-231.
[8]孙兆军,赵秀海,王静,等.脱硫石膏改良龟裂碱土对枸杞根际土壤理化性质及根系生长的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):107-110.
[9]罗佳,盛建东,王永旭,等.不同有机肥对盐渍化耕地土壤盐分、养分及棉花产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):48-53.
[10]Oumi Y,Albacete A,Cantero E,et al.Influence of municipal solid waste(MSW)compost on hormonal status and biomass partitioning in two forage species growing under saline soil conditions[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,64(3):142-150.
[11]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.膜下滴灌系统不同应用年限棉田根区盐分变化及适耕性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):90-99.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京：中国农业出版社,2000:189-196.
[13]毛玉东,梁社往,何忠俊,等.土壤pH对滇重楼生长、养分含量和总皂甙含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):985-989.
[14]南江宽,陈效民,王晓洋,等.石膏与肥料配施对滨海盐土降盐抑碱的效果研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2014,37(4):103-108.
[15]韩剑宏,李艳伟,张连科,等.生物炭和脱硫石膏对盐碱土壤基本理化性质及玉米生长的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(9):5291-5297.
[16]沈婧丽,王彬,田小萍,等.不同改良模式对盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(2):338-344.
[17]郑晓辉,巴特尔·巴克,李宏,等.不同灌水方式下干旱区盐碱地土壤水盐运移特征分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(5):95-99,148-149.
[18]刘师敏,李培贵,张振希,等.盐碱地施用脱硫废弃物对甜菜种植的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(3):1085-1087.
[19]邵孝候,张宇杰,常婷婷,等.生物有机肥对盐渍土壤水盐动态及番茄产量的影响[J].河海大学学报（自然科学版）,2018,46(2):153-160.
[20]李芙荣,杨劲松,吴亚坤,等.不同秸秆埋深对苏北滩涂盐渍土水盐动态变化的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1101-1107.
[21]范富,徐寿军,宋桂云,等.玉米秸秆造夹层处理对西辽河地区盐碱地改良效应研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(3):696-701.
[22]王旭,何俊,孙兆军,等.脱硫石膏糠醛渣对碱化盐土入渗及盐分离子的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(5):1210-1217.
[23]卢闯.玉米秸秆隔层对土壤溶液盐浓度与离子运动的影响[D].北京：中国农业科学院,2017.
[24]陈建,王文芬.滴灌条件下脱硫石膏对甘肃盐碱地的改良效果研究[J].节水灌溉,2018(5):35-38.
[25]刘娟,张凤华,李小东,等.滴灌条件下脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良效果及安全性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):87-93.
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