扎龙湿地研究进展
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摘要
湿地是陆地生态系统生态过程的重要组成部分,扎龙湿地作为世界最大的芦苇湿地,正处于全球变化的敏感区域,总结了2000年以来扎龙湿地的土地覆盖、湿地环境、生态评估等方面的研究成果,并提出了其中存在的问题和未来发展趋势。结果如下:(1)扎龙湿地土地覆盖研究以遥感手段为主,从景观生态学角度研究认为,核心湿地趋于破碎,土地利用趋于多样化和均匀化,湿地景观完整性较差,有湿生景观向旱生景观转变的趋势,但湿地整体仍处在稳定状态;(2)近几十年来的湿地退化造成土壤有机碳流失严重;(3)湿地在自然条件下的蓄水量呈下降趋势,天然补水量小于生态需水量,而且水体已呈现出富营养化状态,个别水体重金属元素的污染已达到极强的潜在生态危害程度;(4)自然因素对扎龙湿地的总体变化影响显著,但人类活动对一些典型区域的退化起主导作用;(5)扎龙湿地研究近期应注重长时间序列湿地监测资料的积累和遥感研究工作,在耦合水文、生态、气象、土壤等多环境因素下,开展湿地生态系统功能参数的定量研究、湿地生态服务价值研究和管理决策支持系统构建,以及探讨定量方式在扎龙湿地生态系统变化分析中的应用。
Wetland is a key component of the ecological process in terrestrial ecosystems. Zhalong Wetland, as the biggest reed wetland in the world, lies within sensitive area of the global change. In this paper, we hackled and summarized many research literatures since 2000 about its land cover, wetland environment and ecological assessment, and identified existing problems and future development trends. The results were summarized as the followings: 1) Researches on land cover were mainly based on remote sensing. From the view of landscape ecology, some researchers considered that the core area tended to be fragmented, and land uses tended to be diversified and homogenized. The integrity of wetland landscapes was poor and tended to transit from wet landscape to dry landscape, but the whole wetland was still stable; 2) Wetland degradation had caused severe loss of soil organic carbon in recent years; 3) The water storage capacity showed a decreasing trend under natural conditions. The supplementary supply of natural water was smaller than the water demands for eco-environmental needs. The water had been in a state of eutrophication and heavy metal pollution in certain water had reached serious ecological risk; 4) Natural factors had a significant effect on the overall change of Zhalong Wetland, but human activities played a leading role in the degradation of certain typical areas; 5) Attention needs to be paid to the accumulation of long time-series monitoring data and remote sensing studies. By coupling multi-environmental factors(hydrology, ecology, meteorology, soil etc.), future efforts should be placed on quantitative studies of functional parameters of wetland ecosystem, ecological service values of wetland, constructing of management decision support system and application of quantitative methods in the analyses of wetland ecosystem changes.
Wetland is a key component of the ecological process in terrestrial ecosystems. Zhalong Wetland, as the biggest reed wetland in the world, lies within sensitive area of the global change. In this paper, we hackled and summarized many research literatures since 2000 about its land cover, wetland environment and ecological assessment, and identified existing problems and future development trends. The results were summarized as the followings: 1) Researches on land cover were mainly based on remote sensing. From the view of landscape ecology, some researchers considered that the core area tended to be fragmented, and land uses tended to be diversified and homogenized. The integrity of wetland landscapes was poor and tended to transit from wet landscape to dry landscape, but the whole wetland was still stable; 2) Wetland degradation had caused severe loss of soil organic carbon in recent years; 3) The water storage capacity showed a decreasing trend under natural conditions. The supplementary supply of natural water was smaller than the water demands for eco-environmental needs. The water had been in a state of eutrophication and heavy metal pollution in certain water had reached serious ecological risk; 4) Natural factors had a significant effect on the overall change of Zhalong Wetland, but human activities played a leading role in the degradation of certain typical areas; 5) Attention needs to be paid to the accumulation of long time-series monitoring data and remote sensing studies. By coupling multi-environmental factors(hydrology, ecology, meteorology, soil etc.), future efforts should be placed on quantitative studies of functional parameters of wetland ecosystem, ecological service values of wetland, constructing of management decision support system and application of quantitative methods in the analyses of wetland ecosystem changes.
引文
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代存芳,易映彤,刘妍,等.2017.扎龙湿地硅藻植物群落季节变化及其对环境的响应[J].生态学报,37(8):2818-2827
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刘蕾,那晓东,臧淑英,等.2014,基于ENVISatASAR影像的湿地植被冠层下淹水范围提取:以扎龙保护区为例[J].遥感技术与应用,29(6):923-929
刘蕾,臧淑英,那晓东,等.2013,兼容光学雷达影像及地形辅助数据的扎龙湿地遥感分类[J].地理与地理信息科学,29(1):36-40
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庞丙亮,崔丽娟,马牧源,等.2014.扎龙湿地生态系统固碳服务价值评价[J].生态学杂志,33(8):2078-2083
苏丹,臧淑英,叶华香,等.2012.扎龙湿地南山湖沉积岩芯重金属污染特征及来源判别[J].环境科学,33(6):1816-1822
田艳林,刘贤赵,毛德华,等.2016.基于MODIS数据的松嫩平原西部芦苇湿地地上生物量遥感估算[J].生态学报,36(24)
佟守正,吕宪国,苏立英,等.2008.扎龙湿地生态系统变化过程及影响因子分析[J].湿地科学,6(2):179-184
佟守正.2012.沟渠对扎龙湿地退化的影响及生态恢复设计研究[D].沈阳:东北师范大学学位论文
王建群,韩丽,马铁民.2006.扎龙湿地生态系统需水量[J].湖泊科学,18(2):114-119
王永洁,罗金明,叶雅杰,等.2009.季节性冻融对扎龙湿地演化的影响[J].水土保持学报,23(5):34-38
沃晓棠,孙彦坤,田松岩.2014.扎龙湿地景观格局与气候变化[J].东北林业大学学报,42(3):55-59
沃晓棠,孙彦坤.2010.扎龙湿地土地利用与土地覆盖变化分析[J].东北农业大学学报,41(1):56-60
吴平,付强.2008.扎龙湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].农业现代化研究,29(3):335-337
杨柯,刘国栋,刘飞,等.2011.扎龙湿地水旱交错区土壤呼吸研究[J].地学前缘,18(6):94-100
叶华香,臧淑英,张丽娟,等.2013.扎龙湿地沉积物重金属空间分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,34(4):1333-1339
叶雅杰,罗金明,王永洁,等.2012.扎龙湿地水体的富营养化特征及综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,26(11):110-115
袁力,赵雨森,龚文峰,等.2008.基于RS和GIS扎龙湿地土地利用景观格局演变的研究[J].水土保持研究,15(3):49-53
张策,臧淑英,金竺,等.2011.基于支持向量机的扎龙湿地遥感分类研究[J].湿地科学,9(3):263-269
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析与评价[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学学位论文
张静,马玲,丁新华,等.2014.扎龙湿地不同生境土壤微生物生物量碳氮的季节变化[J].生态学报,34(13):3712-3719
张囡囡,刘宜鑫,臧淑英.2016.黑龙江扎龙湿地不同功能区浮游植物群落与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,28(3):554-565
张囡囡,臧淑英.2012.扎龙湿地克钦湖富营养化状态的高光谱遥感评价[J].地理科学,32(2):232-237
张艳红,李丽丽,郭花利等.2016.基于多光谱遥感的扎龙湿地湖泡水深反演研究[J].湿地科学,14(4):477-483
张玉红,苏立英,于万辉,等.2015.扎龙湿地景观动态变化特征[J].地理学报,70(1):131-142
张玉红,张策,臧淑英.2011.形态学图像处理方法在扎龙湿地景观格局分析中的应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,27(4):103-106
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郑晓燕,张艳红,刘万崧.2010.扎龙湿地水体遥感提取过程中云阴影去除方法研究[J].湿地科学,8(1):21-27
周林飞,许士国,李青山,等.2007.扎龙湿地生态环境需水量安全阈值的研究[J].水利学报,38(7):845-851
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代存芳,易映彤,刘妍,等.2017.扎龙湿地硅藻植物群落季节变化及其对环境的响应[J].生态学报,37(8):2818-2827
冯夏清,章光新,尹雄锐.2010.基于SWAT模型的乌裕尔河流域气候变化的水文响应[J].地理科学进展,29(7):827-832
付博,姜琦刚,任春颖,等.2011.基于神经网络方法的湿地生态脆弱性评价[J].东北师大学报:自然科学版,43(1):139-143
郭跃东,何岩,邓伟,等.2004.扎龙湿地生态水文格局特征及水环境功能分析[J].水土保持研究,11(1):119-122
黄璞祎,于洪贤,柴龙会,等.2011.扎龙芦苇湿地生长季的甲烷排放通量[J].应用生态学报,22(5):1219-1224
黎冰,解启来,廖天,等.2013.扎龙湿地表层沉积物有机氯农药的污染特征及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,32(2):347-353
李浩,袁力,龚文峰,等.2015.基于GIS和CA-Markov模型的扎龙湿地景观变化研究[J].野生动物,(3):288-294
李丽丽,张艳红,邢立新,等.2013.扎龙湿地龙泡子水深的高光谱建模研究[J].遥感技术与应用,28(2):212-216
刘大庆,许士国.2006.扎龙湿地水量平衡分析[J].自然资源学报,21(3):341-348
刘俊文,解启来,王琰,等.2011.扎龙湿地表层沉积物多环芳烃的污染特征研究[J].环境科学,32(8):2450-2454
刘蕾,那晓东,臧淑英,等.2014,基于ENVISatASAR影像的湿地植被冠层下淹水范围提取:以扎龙保护区为例[J].遥感技术与应用,29(6):923-929
刘蕾,臧淑英,那晓东,等.2013,兼容光学雷达影像及地形辅助数据的扎龙湿地遥感分类[J].地理与地理信息科学,29(1):36-40
龙泽旭.2015,扎龙保护区景观动态变化及蓄水量变化研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学学位论文
罗金明,尹雄锐,叶雅杰,等.2014,人为扰动下扎龙湿地土壤环境对水质变化的影响[J].土壤通报,45(2):450-456
马楠楠.2016.扎龙自然保护区芦苇覆盖度动态变化及其对气候因子的响应[D].北京:北京林业大学学位论文
庞丙亮,崔丽娟,马牧源,等.2014.扎龙湿地生态系统固碳服务价值评价[J].生态学杂志,33(8):2078-2083
苏丹,臧淑英,叶华香,等.2012.扎龙湿地南山湖沉积岩芯重金属污染特征及来源判别[J].环境科学,33(6):1816-1822
田艳林,刘贤赵,毛德华,等.2016.基于MODIS数据的松嫩平原西部芦苇湿地地上生物量遥感估算[J].生态学报,36(24)
佟守正,吕宪国,苏立英,等.2008.扎龙湿地生态系统变化过程及影响因子分析[J].湿地科学,6(2):179-184
佟守正.2012.沟渠对扎龙湿地退化的影响及生态恢复设计研究[D].沈阳:东北师范大学学位论文
王建群,韩丽,马铁民.2006.扎龙湿地生态系统需水量[J].湖泊科学,18(2):114-119
王永洁,罗金明,叶雅杰,等.2009.季节性冻融对扎龙湿地演化的影响[J].水土保持学报,23(5):34-38
沃晓棠,孙彦坤,田松岩.2014.扎龙湿地景观格局与气候变化[J].东北林业大学学报,42(3):55-59
沃晓棠,孙彦坤.2010.扎龙湿地土地利用与土地覆盖变化分析[J].东北农业大学学报,41(1):56-60
吴平,付强.2008.扎龙湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].农业现代化研究,29(3):335-337
杨柯,刘国栋,刘飞,等.2011.扎龙湿地水旱交错区土壤呼吸研究[J].地学前缘,18(6):94-100
叶华香,臧淑英,张丽娟,等.2013.扎龙湿地沉积物重金属空间分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,34(4):1333-1339
叶雅杰,罗金明,王永洁,等.2012.扎龙湿地水体的富营养化特征及综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,26(11):110-115
袁力,赵雨森,龚文峰,等.2008.基于RS和GIS扎龙湿地土地利用景观格局演变的研究[J].水土保持研究,15(3):49-53
张策,臧淑英,金竺,等.2011.基于支持向量机的扎龙湿地遥感分类研究[J].湿地科学,9(3):263-269
张洪云.2016.基于控制-干扰-响应机制的湿地景观稳定性分
析与评价[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学学位论文
张静,马玲,丁新华,等.2014.扎龙湿地不同生境土壤微生物生物量碳氮的季节变化[J].生态学报,34(13):3712-3719
张囡囡,刘宜鑫,臧淑英.2016.黑龙江扎龙湿地不同功能区浮游植物群落与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,28(3):554-565
张囡囡,臧淑英.2012.扎龙湿地克钦湖富营养化状态的高光谱遥感评价[J].地理科学,32(2):232-237
张艳红,李丽丽,郭花利等.2016.基于多光谱遥感的扎龙湿地湖泡水深反演研究[J].湿地科学,14(4):477-483
张玉红,苏立英,于万辉,等.2015.扎龙湿地景观动态变化特征[J].地理学报,70(1):131-142
张玉红,张策,臧淑英.2011.形态学图像处理方法在扎龙湿地景观格局分析中的应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,27(4):103-106
赵传冬,刘国栋,杨柯,等.2011.黑龙江省扎龙湿地及其周边地区土壤碳储量估算与1986年以来的变化趋势研究[J].地学前缘,18(6):27-33
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