荒漠河岸带植被盖度的空间变化与土壤因子关系的探究
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摘要
【目的】探究影响植被分布状况的土壤环境,揭示荒漠河岸植被盖度空间变化规律与土壤因子的相关关系.【方法】以石羊河下游荒漠植被河岸带为研究对象,结合野外调查与数理统计的方法,考察了距河岸500 m范围内的植被盖度变化规律,并分析了土壤含水率、土壤养分与灌木、草本及总盖度之间的关系.【结果】石羊河下游河岸带荒漠植被中,河岸间距与植被总盖度、草本植被盖度呈负指数相关,与灌木呈二次函数相关;由于植被根系作用,土壤含水率是影响植被总盖度和草本盖度的主要因子,且与40 cm深的土壤含水率变化规律显著相关;土壤有机质含量是影响灌木盖度和长势的主要因子,其含量随河岸间距的增大而减小,在250 m处达到最大;土壤综合状况是影响植被丰富度的主要因子,250～300 m处土壤综合状况最佳,植被种类最多、长势最好.【结论】草本、木本植被盖度空间变化规律对土壤因子的响应不同,可为石羊河下游河岸带植被的重建和河岸生态系统的修复提供科学的理论依据.
【Objective】 In order to clarify the soil environment affecting the distribution of vegetation,and to reveal the relationship between spatial variation of vegetation cover and soil factors in desert riparian. 【Method】 The fields investigation and mathematical statistics were carried to study riparian desert vegetation in lower reaches of Shiyang River. The law of desert riparian vegetation spatial succession was revealed within the range of 500 m. The relationship between soil moisture,soil nutrient and the type,richness and coverage of vegetation were discussed. 【Result】 In the desert vegetation on the lower reaches of the Shiyang River,the riverbed spacing was negatively correlated with the total vegetation coverage and herb cover,which was related to the quadratic function of shrubs. Soil moisture content was the main factor affecting the total vegetation coverage and herbs coverage,in which the change law of soil moisture content at 40 cm depths was significantly correlated with the law of vegetation coverage and herbs coverage because of the function of root. Soil organic matter content was the main factor affecting shrub coverage and growth. The content of soil organic increased with the increase of distance with bank and the maximum showed at 250 m. Soil condition was the main factor affecting vegetation richness,in which the condition at the range of 250～300 m showed the best,so the vegetation species and the growth reached the maximum value. 【Conclusion】 The spatial variation of herbaceous and woody vegetation coverage has different responses to soil factors. The results of this study can provide a more scientific theoretical basis for the reconstruction of vegetation in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River and the restoration of riverside ecosystems.
【Objective】 In order to clarify the soil environment affecting the distribution of vegetation,and to reveal the relationship between spatial variation of vegetation cover and soil factors in desert riparian. 【Method】 The fields investigation and mathematical statistics were carried to study riparian desert vegetation in lower reaches of Shiyang River. The law of desert riparian vegetation spatial succession was revealed within the range of 500 m. The relationship between soil moisture,soil nutrient and the type,richness and coverage of vegetation were discussed. 【Result】 In the desert vegetation on the lower reaches of the Shiyang River,the riverbed spacing was negatively correlated with the total vegetation coverage and herb cover,which was related to the quadratic function of shrubs. Soil moisture content was the main factor affecting the total vegetation coverage and herbs coverage,in which the change law of soil moisture content at 40 cm depths was significantly correlated with the law of vegetation coverage and herbs coverage because of the function of root. Soil organic matter content was the main factor affecting shrub coverage and growth. The content of soil organic increased with the increase of distance with bank and the maximum showed at 250 m. Soil condition was the main factor affecting vegetation richness,in which the condition at the range of 250～300 m showed the best,so the vegetation species and the growth reached the maximum value. 【Conclusion】 The spatial variation of herbaceous and woody vegetation coverage has different responses to soil factors. The results of this study can provide a more scientific theoretical basis for the reconstruction of vegetation in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River and the restoration of riverside ecosystems.
引文
[1] 赵卓文.宁夏地区2000-2014年土地荒漠化遥感监测及驱动因子分析[D].徐州:江苏师范大学,2017.
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[3] 候静,杜灵通,刘可,等.1982-2012年北半球荒漠草原过渡带植被物候特征及其与气候因子的关系[J].气候变化研究进展,2017,13(5):473-482.
[4] 余娜,刘济明,张超,等.不同沙生植被土壤酶活性分异特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):77-81.
[5] 李从娟,马健,李彦.五种沙生植物根际土壤的盐分状况[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4649-4655.
[6] 赵哈林.沙漠化的生物过程及植被恢复机理[J].中国科技成果,2006(23):62-62.
[7] 杨洪晓,吴波,邓洪涛,等.农牧交错区沙地植被自然恢复的机理与应用[J].世界林业研究,2009,22(4):29-33.
[8] 何明珠,张志山,李小军,等.阿拉善高原荒漠植被组成分布特征及其环境解释 Ⅰ.典型荒漠植被分布格局的环境解释[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):46-56.
[9] 胡广录,赵文智,王岗.干旱荒漠区斑块状植被空间格局及其防沙效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7609-7616.
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[12] 刘世增.石羊河流域中下游河岸植被变化及其驱动因素研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[13] 潘树林,辜彬,李家祥.岩质公路边坡生态恢复土壤特性与植物多样性[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6404-6411.
[14] 王具元,蒋志荣,王继和,等.民勤绿洲荒漠交错带三种沙丘类型的自然植被特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,41(2):51-55.
[15] 民勤县统计局,国家统计局.民勤县国民经济和社会发展统计资料汇编[M].国家统计局民勤调查队:2005-2015.
[16] 杨自辉,俄有浩,方峨天,等.民勤绿洲边缘物种多样性对水资源变化的响应[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):278-282.
[17] 姜军,徐仁扣,赵安珍.用酸碱滴定法测定酸性红壤的pH缓冲容量[J].土壤通报,2006,37(6):1247-1248.
[18] 张薇,付昀,李季芳,等.基于凯氏定氮法与杜马斯燃烧法测定土壤全氮的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(35):172-175.
[19] 雷红霞,孟昭设,贾彩霞,等.土壤速效磷速测法的探讨[J].北京农业,2009(30):35-37.
[20] 韩万兵.总有机碳分析仪测定土壤中的有机碳[J].煤炭与化工,2017,40(9):72-74.
[21] 季天委.重铬酸钾容量法中不同加热方式测定土壤有机质的比较研究[J].浙江农业学报,2005,17(5):311-313.
[22] 赵芸,贾荣亮,滕嘉玲,等.腾格里沙漠人工固沙植被演替生物土壤结皮盖度对沙埋的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):6138-6148.
[23] 刘淑娟,袁宏波,刘世增,等.青土湖水面形成过程的荒漠植物群落演替[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):64-72.
[24] 熊小刚,韩兴国.生态学中的新领域--沃岛效应与草原灌丛化[J].植物杂志,2003(2):45-46.
[2] 刘加珍,陈亚宁,陈永金,等.荒漠河岸生态系统退化机理的定量分析[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(1):131-139.
[3] 候静,杜灵通,刘可,等.1982-2012年北半球荒漠草原过渡带植被物候特征及其与气候因子的关系[J].气候变化研究进展,2017,13(5):473-482.
[4] 余娜,刘济明,张超,等.不同沙生植被土壤酶活性分异特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):77-81.
[5] 李从娟,马健,李彦.五种沙生植物根际土壤的盐分状况[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4649-4655.
[6] 赵哈林.沙漠化的生物过程及植被恢复机理[J].中国科技成果,2006(23):62-62.
[7] 杨洪晓,吴波,邓洪涛,等.农牧交错区沙地植被自然恢复的机理与应用[J].世界林业研究,2009,22(4):29-33.
[8] 何明珠,张志山,李小军,等.阿拉善高原荒漠植被组成分布特征及其环境解释 Ⅰ.典型荒漠植被分布格局的环境解释[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):46-56.
[9] 胡广录,赵文智,王岗.干旱荒漠区斑块状植被空间格局及其防沙效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7609-7616.
[10] Li X R,Kong D S,Tan H J,et al.Changes in soil and vegetation following stabilisation of dunes in the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert,China[J].Plant & Soil,2007,300(1/12):221-231.
[11] 富晓松.石羊河中下游河岸植被与土壤变化研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2010.
[12] 刘世增.石羊河流域中下游河岸植被变化及其驱动因素研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[13] 潘树林,辜彬,李家祥.岩质公路边坡生态恢复土壤特性与植物多样性[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6404-6411.
[14] 王具元,蒋志荣,王继和,等.民勤绿洲荒漠交错带三种沙丘类型的自然植被特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,41(2):51-55.
[15] 民勤县统计局,国家统计局.民勤县国民经济和社会发展统计资料汇编[M].国家统计局民勤调查队:2005-2015.
[16] 杨自辉,俄有浩,方峨天,等.民勤绿洲边缘物种多样性对水资源变化的响应[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):278-282.
[17] 姜军,徐仁扣,赵安珍.用酸碱滴定法测定酸性红壤的pH缓冲容量[J].土壤通报,2006,37(6):1247-1248.
[18] 张薇,付昀,李季芳,等.基于凯氏定氮法与杜马斯燃烧法测定土壤全氮的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(35):172-175.
[19] 雷红霞,孟昭设,贾彩霞,等.土壤速效磷速测法的探讨[J].北京农业,2009(30):35-37.
[20] 韩万兵.总有机碳分析仪测定土壤中的有机碳[J].煤炭与化工,2017,40(9):72-74.
[21] 季天委.重铬酸钾容量法中不同加热方式测定土壤有机质的比较研究[J].浙江农业学报,2005,17(5):311-313.
[22] 赵芸,贾荣亮,滕嘉玲,等.腾格里沙漠人工固沙植被演替生物土壤结皮盖度对沙埋的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):6138-6148.
[23] 刘淑娟,袁宏波,刘世增,等.青土湖水面形成过程的荒漠植物群落演替[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):64-72.
[24] 熊小刚,韩兴国.生态学中的新领域--沃岛效应与草原灌丛化[J].植物杂志,2003(2):45-46.
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