广州南沙区河涌沿岸植物景观特征及其与人类活动的关系
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摘要
为了解河涌沿岸植被特征及其与人类活动的关系,选取广州市南沙区4条河涌作为研究对象,对河涌沿岸的农业景观、工业景观和村落景观3种类型河段的植物景观特征进行了分析。结果表明:①河涌沿岸植物共计有70科126属144种,其中农业景观河段有45科51属58种,工业景观河段有25科33属40种,村落景观河段有64科119属130种。②河涌沿岸各景观类型河段植物区系分布均以广义热带成分为主,占比均达80%以上,符合所在区域气候特点。③植物功能需求差异和人为利用方式差异,导致不同景观类型河段的优势植物组成产生差异。农业景观河段,食用型果树表现出显著优势;工业景观河段,防护植物和城市绿化植物占有优势;村落景观河段,食用型果树和观赏型植物表现出显著优势。④3种景观类型河段植物多样性特征存在差异,植物丰富度、多样性和均匀度从高到低均为村落景观河段、农业景观河段、工业景观河段。⑤道路建设活动与农业景观河段乔木丰富度呈负相关。建筑物构造活动对各景观类型河段的植物多样性特征具有积极影响,其中对农业景观河段的影响体现在乔木的多样性上,对工业景观河段的影响体现在灌木的丰富度、多样性和均匀度上,对村落景观河段的影响体现在乔木和灌木的丰富度、多样性上。
To understand the riparian plant characteristics and its relation ship with human activities,this research selected 4 rivers in Nansha,Guangzhou City and analyzed the vegetation characteristics of riparian plants in agricultural landscape,industrial landscape and rural landscape.Results were as follows:(1) There were 144 species from 126 genera and 70 families,including 58 species from 51 genera and 45 families in agricultural landscape,40 species from 33 genera and 25 families in industrial landscape,130 species from 119 genera and 64 families in rural landscape.(2) Riparian floras were mainly tropical species,accounting for more than 80 per cent,which was consistent with the regional climate conditions.(3) Differences in functional requirements and utilization patterns of plants led to differences in the dominant plant composition of different land types:edible fruit trees showed significant advantages in agricultural landscape;protective vege-tation and urban greening vegetation showed significant advantages in industrial landscape;edible fruit trees and ornamental vegetation showed significant advantages in rural land.(4) There were differences in plant diversity characteristics in three land use types,and their plant richness,diversity and evenness were ranked as follows:rural landscape >agricultural landscape >industrial landscape.(5) Road construction activity was negatively correlated with tree richness in agricultural landscape.Building construction activities had positive impacts on the plant diversity of all land use types.The impacts on agricultural landscape were reflected in tree diversity and tree evenness;the impact on industrial landscape was reflected in shrub richness,diversity and evenness;the impacts on rural landscape were reflected in tree richness,diversity and shrub richness and di-versity.
To understand the riparian plant characteristics and its relation ship with human activities,this research selected 4 rivers in Nansha,Guangzhou City and analyzed the vegetation characteristics of riparian plants in agricultural landscape,industrial landscape and rural landscape.Results were as follows:(1) There were 144 species from 126 genera and 70 families,including 58 species from 51 genera and 45 families in agricultural landscape,40 species from 33 genera and 25 families in industrial landscape,130 species from 119 genera and 64 families in rural landscape.(2) Riparian floras were mainly tropical species,accounting for more than 80 per cent,which was consistent with the regional climate conditions.(3) Differences in functional requirements and utilization patterns of plants led to differences in the dominant plant composition of different land types:edible fruit trees showed significant advantages in agricultural landscape;protective vege-tation and urban greening vegetation showed significant advantages in industrial landscape;edible fruit trees and ornamental vegetation showed significant advantages in rural land.(4) There were differences in plant diversity characteristics in three land use types,and their plant richness,diversity and evenness were ranked as follows:rural landscape >agricultural landscape >industrial landscape.(5) Road construction activity was negatively correlated with tree richness in agricultural landscape.Building construction activities had positive impacts on the plant diversity of all land use types.The impacts on agricultural landscape were reflected in tree diversity and tree evenness;the impact on industrial landscape was reflected in shrub richness,diversity and evenness;the impacts on rural landscape were reflected in tree richness,diversity and shrub richness and di-versity.
引文
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[2]徐远杰,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.伊犁河谷山地植物群落物种多样性分布格局及环境解释[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(10):1142-1154.XU Yuanjie,CHEN Yaning,LI Weihong,et al.Distribution pattern and environmental interpretation of plant species diversity in the mountainous region of Ili River Valley,Xinjiang,China[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2010,34(10):1142-1154.
[3]袁铁象,张合平,欧芷阳,等.地形对桂西南喀斯特山地森林地表植物多样性及分布格局的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2803-2810.YUAN Tiexiang,ZHANG Heping,OU Zhiyang,et al.Effects of topography on the diversity and distribution pattern of ground plants in karst montane forests in Southwest Guangxi,China[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2014,2 5(10):2803-2810.
[4]SONG Chuangye,CAO Mingchang.Relationships between plant species richness and terrain in middle sub-tropical Eastern China[J].Forests,2017,8(9):344.doi:10.3390/58090344.
[5]牛钰杰,周建伟,杨思维,等.坡向和海拔对高寒草甸山体土壤水热和植物分布格局的定量分解[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1489-1497.NIU Yujie,ZHOU Jianwei,YANG Siwei,et al.Quantitative apportionment of slope aspect and altitude to soil moisture and temperature and plant distribution on alpine meadow[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2017,28(5):1489-1497.
[6]修晨,欧阳志云,郑华.北京永定河-海河干流河岸带植物的区系分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1535-1547.XIU Chen,OUYANG Zhiyun,ZHENG Hua.Flora analysis of riparian vegetation in Yongding-Haihe river system,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(6):1535-1547.
[7]韦翠珍,张佳宝,周凌云.沿黄河下游湿地不同土地利用方式植物多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(8):40-46.WEI Cuizhen,ZHANG Jiabao,ZHOU Lingyun.Plant diversity in wetlands along the lower yellow river under different types of land use[J].J Northeast For Univ,2011,39(8):40-42.
[8]卢训令,梁国付,汤茜,等.黄河下游平原农业景观中非农生境植物多样性[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):789-797.LU Xunling,LIANG Guofu,TANG Qian,et al.Plant species of the non-agricultural habitats in the lower reaches of the Yellow River plain agro-landscape[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(4):789-797.
[9]MOGES A,BEYENE A,AMBELU A,et al.Plant species composition and diversity in wetlands under forest,agriculture and urban land uses[J].Aquatic Bot,2016,138:9-15.
[10]L魷PEZ S,WRIGHT C,COSTANZA P.Environmental change in the equatorial Andes:linking climate,land use,and land cover transformations[J].Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ,2016,8:291-303.
[11]AKINYEMI F O.Land change in the central albertine rift:insights from analysis and mapping of land use-land cover change in north-western Rwanda[J].Appl Geogr,2017,87:127-138.
[12]FORMAN R T T.Land Mosaics:The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995.
[13]VANCE J A,ANGUS N B,ANDERSON J T.Riparian and riverine wildlife response to a newly created bridge crossing[J].Nat Resour,2012,3(4):213-228.
[14]张昶,王成,孙睿霖,等.城市化地区河岸带植被特征及其与河岸硬度的关系:以晋江市为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3703-3713.ZHANG Chang,WANG Cheng,SUN Ruilin,et al.Relationships between riparian vegetation and shoreline hardness for urban rivers:a case study in Jinjiang city,Fujian Province[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(12):3703-3713.
[15]石晓丹,阮晓红,吕学研.南京外秦淮河河岸带原生植被初步调查[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(3):84-88.SHI Xiaodan,RUAN Xiaohong,L譈Xueyan.An preliminary study on the original vegetation in riparian zone of Qinhuai river in Nanjing[J].Environ Sci Manage,2007,32(3):84-88.
[16]吉久昌,郭跃东,郭晋平,等.文峪河上游河岸林群落类型及其生态适应性[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1587-1595.JI Jiuchang,GUO Yuedong,GUO Jinping,et al.Community types and ecological adaptation characteristics of the riparian forest in upper reach of Wenyuhe watershed[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2009,29(3):1587-1595.
[17]任辉,田恬,杨宇峰,等.珠江口南沙河涌浮游植物群落结构时空变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):7729-7740.REN Hui,TIAN Tian,YANG Yufeng,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community and its relationship with environment factors in Nansha’s rivers,Pearl River estuary[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2017,37(22):7729-7740.
[18]ˇC EPELOV魣B,M譈NZBERGOV魣Z.Factors determining the plant species diversity and species composition in a suburban landscape[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2012,106(4):336-346.
[19]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,13(增刊4):1-139.WU Zhengyi.Distribution of genus seed plants in China[J].Acta Bot Yunnan,1991,13(supplⅣ):1-139.
[20]裴男才.利用大样地平台研究种子植物区系[J].植物分类与资源学报,2011,33(6):615-621.PEI Nancai.Large scale permanent plot can do well for the floristic study of seed plants[J].Plant Divers Resour2011,33(6):615-621.
[21]ZATOUT M M M.Effect of negative human activities on plant diversity in the Jabal Akhdar pastures[J].Int JBioass,2014,3(9):3324-3328.
[22]VAKHLAMOVA T,RUSTERHOLZ H P,KANIBOLOTSKAYA Y,et al.Changes in plant diversity along an urbanrural gradient in an expanding city in Kazakhstan,Western Siberia[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2014,132:111-120.
[23]YANG Jun,YAN Pengbo,HE Rongxiao,et al.Exploring land-use legacy effects on taxonomic and functional diversity of woody plants in a rapidly urbanizing landscape[J].Landscape Urban Plann,2017,162:92-103.
[24]邓红兵,王青春,王庆礼,等.河岸植被缓冲带与河岸带管理[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):951-954.DENG Hongbing,WANG Qingchun,WANG Qingli,et al.On riparian forest buffers and riparian management[J]Chin J Appl Ecol,2001,12(6):951-954.
[25]裴男才,陈步峰,吴敏,等.广州市南沙区海岸防护林群落构建技术研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(11):1802-1806.PEI Nancai,CHEN Bufeng,WU Min,et al.Construction of coastal protective forest communities in Nansha District,Guangzhou City[J].Ecol Environ Sci,2013,22(11):1802-1806.
[26]王应刚,梁炜,张婷,等.晋中盆地不同土地利用类型的植物多样性[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(11):2995-3001.WANG Yinggang,LIANG Wei,ZHANG Ting,et al.Effects of land-use types on plant species diversity in Jinzhong Basin[J].Chin J Ecol,2015,34(11):2995-3001.
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