小兴安岭天然针阔混交林主要树种空间格局及其关联性
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摘要
在小兴安岭天然针阔混交林1.1 hm~2的固定样地内,本文调查和统计了其物种组成和林分径级结构。运用空间点格局分析方法中的O-ring函数,对种群的空间分布格局及其关联性进行分析。结果表明:样地内共有乔木树种15种,重要值排在前四位的依次为红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、枫桦(Betula costata)、春榆(Ulmus davidiana)和色木槭(Acer mono),红皮云杉和枫桦属于样地内的优势种,重要值分别为15.81%和11.10%。林下更新状态良好,枫桦的径级结构有呈正态分布的趋势,其余三种均呈现倒"J"形。O-ring函数结果证实,四个主要树种的种群空间分布格局相似,均在0—5 m小尺度上呈聚集分布,随着尺度的增大,逐渐变为随机分布;红皮云杉与其他三个主要种群之间在较大尺度上均呈现显著正相关或无相关,在小尺度上仅与枫桦呈极显著正相关;色木槭在较小尺度上与其他三个种群呈弱负相关性,随着尺度的增大,逐渐变为无相关性。
Species composition and populations′ diameter class structure were investigated in a 1.1 hm~2 permanent plot in the coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Xiaoxing′an Mountain. Using O-ring functions in the spatial point pattern analysis. the populations′ spatial distribution patterns and spatial association are analyzed. The results showed that there were 15 arbor species in the plot. Picea koraiensis, Betula costata, Ulmus davidiana, and Acer mono ranked as the top 4 important species in our plot. Picea koraiensis and B. costata were the major dominant species with importance values of 15.81% and 11.10%, respectively. This forest was also founf to be in good regeneration condition. The size class structure of B. costata tended to be normally distributed, while that of the other three populations showed an inverted "J" shape. The results from the O-ring function showed that the spatial distribution pattern of the four main populations was similar, with distributions was aggregated at the 0—5 m scale. At increasing scales, distributions shifted from aggregated to random. Picea koraiensis had a significant positive or no correlation with the other three main populations at coarse scales, but only had a significant positive correlation with B. costata at fine scales. Acer mono had a non-significant negative correlation with the other three populations at fine scales. As the scale increased, no correlation was found.
Species composition and populations′ diameter class structure were investigated in a 1.1 hm~2 permanent plot in the coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Xiaoxing′an Mountain. Using O-ring functions in the spatial point pattern analysis. the populations′ spatial distribution patterns and spatial association are analyzed. The results showed that there were 15 arbor species in the plot. Picea koraiensis, Betula costata, Ulmus davidiana, and Acer mono ranked as the top 4 important species in our plot. Picea koraiensis and B. costata were the major dominant species with importance values of 15.81% and 11.10%, respectively. This forest was also founf to be in good regeneration condition. The size class structure of B. costata tended to be normally distributed, while that of the other three populations showed an inverted "J" shape. The results from the O-ring function showed that the spatial distribution pattern of the four main populations was similar, with distributions was aggregated at the 0—5 m scale. At increasing scales, distributions shifted from aggregated to random. Picea koraiensis had a significant positive or no correlation with the other three main populations at coarse scales, but only had a significant positive correlation with B. costata at fine scales. Acer mono had a non-significant negative correlation with the other three populations at fine scales. As the scale increased, no correlation was found.
引文
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[13] Barot S,Gignoux J,Menaut J C.Demography of a savanna palm tree:predictions from comprehensive spatial pattern analyses.Ecology,1999,80(6):1987- 2005.
[14] 李立,陈建华,任海保,米湘成,于明坚,杨波.古田山常绿阔叶林优势树种甜槠和木荷的空间格局分析.植物生态学报,2010,34(3):241- 252.
[15] Wiegand T,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N,Okuda T.Analyzing the spatial structure of a sri lankan tree species with multiple scales of clustering.Ecology,2007,88(12):3088- 3102.
[16] 叶俊伟,袁永革,蔡荔,王晓娟.中国东北温带针阔混交林植物物种的谱系地理研究进展.生物多样性,2017,25(12):1339- 1349.
[17] 杨超,程宝栋,谢屹,宋维明.中国木材产业发展的阶段识别及时空分异特征.自然资源学报,2017,32(2):235- 244.
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[20] 张健,郝占庆,宋波,叶吉,李步杭,姚晓琳.长白山阔叶红松林中红松与紫椴的空间分布格局及其关联性.应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1681- 1687.
[21] 王磊,孙启武,郝朝运,田胜尼,张姗姗,陈一锟,张小平.皖南山区南方红豆杉种群不同龄级立木的点格局分析.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):272- 278.
[22] Wiegand T,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N.Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest.The American Naturalist,2007,170(4):E77-E95.
[23] 常伟,党坤良,武朋辉,李明雨.秦岭林区锐齿栎次生林种群空间分布格局.生态学报,2016,36(4):1021- 1029.
[24] Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Handbook of Spatial Point-Pattern Analysis in Ecology.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2013.
[25] 李国春,宋华东,李琦,卜书海.太白山巴山冷杉林主要树种与开花秦岭箭竹的空间点格局分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3487- 3493.
[26] 孙越,夏富才,何怀江,刘宝东,王戈戎,李良.长白山东北坡长白落叶松——白桦次生林群落结构特征.北京林业大学学报,2016,38(12):28- 38.
[27] 李文华.小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林群落结构和演替的研究.资源科学,1980,2(4):17- 29.
[28] 张觅,米湘成,金光泽.小兴安岭凉水谷地云冷杉林群落组成与空间格局.科学通报,2014,59(24):2377- 2387.
[29] 李意德.海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林的群落结构特征.热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(1):18- 26.
[30] Wright J S.Plant diversity in tropical forests:a review of mechanisms of species coexistence.Oecologia,2002,130(1):1- 14.
[31] 吴初平,袁位高,盛卫星,黄玉洁,陈庆标,沈爱华,朱锦茹,江波.浙江省典型天然次生林主要树种空间分布格局及其关联性.生态学报,2018,38(2):537- 549.
[32] 侯红亚,王立海.小兴安岭阔叶红松林物种组成及主要种群的空间分布格局.应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3043- 3049.
[33] 倪瑞强,唐景毅,程艳霞,张春雨,陈贝贝,何怀江,夏富才.长白山云冷杉林主要树种空间分布及其关联性.北京林业大学学报,2013,35(6):28- 35.
[34] Moore P D,Chapman S B.Methods in Plant Ecology.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Pub,1986.
[35] Condit R,Ashton P S,Baker P,Bunyavejchewin S,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N,Hubbell S P,Foster R B,Itoh A,Lafrankie J V,Lee H S,Losos E,Manokaran N,Sukumar R,Yamakura T.Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species.Science,2000,288(5470):1414- 1418.
[36] Wiegand T,Kissling W D,Cipriotti P A,Aguiar M R.Extending point pattern analysis for objects of finite size and irregular shape.Journal of Ecology,2006,94(4):825- 837.
[37] 曹光球,林思祖,丁咇,曹子林.杉阔混交林中杉木及伴生树种种群空间格局分析.中南林学院学报,2002,22(1):66- 69.
[38] Allouche O,Kalyuzhny M,Moreno-Rueda G,Pizarro M,Kadmon R.Area-heterogeneity tradeoff and the diversity of ecological communities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(43):17495- 17500.
[39] Harms K E,Condit R,Hubbell S P,Foster R B.Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot.Journal of Ecology,2001,89(6):947- 959.
[40] 郭忠玲,马元丹,郑金萍,刘万德,金哲峰.长白山落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性、种群空间分布格局及种间关联性研究.应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2013- 2018.
[2] 杜志,亢新刚,包昱君,杨鑫霞.长白山云冷杉林不同演替阶段的树种空间分布格局及其关联性.北京林业大学学报,2012,34(2):14- 19.
[3] Hou J H,Mi X C,Liu C R,Ma K P.Spatial patterns and associations in a quercus-betula forest in northern China.Journal of Vegetation Science,2004,15(3):407- 414.
[4] Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Rings,circles,and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology.Oikos,2004,104(2):209- 229.
[5] Velázquez E,Martínez I,Getzin S,Moloney K A.,Wiegand T.An evaluation of the state of spatial point pattern analysis in ecology.Ecography,2016,39(11):1042- 1055.
[6] Perry J N,Liebhold A M,Rosenberg M S,Dungan J,Miriti M,Jakomulska A,Citron-Pousty S.Illustrations and guidelines for selecting statistical methods for quantifying spatial pattern in ecological data.Ecography,2002,25(5):578- 600.
[7] Jeltsch F,Moloney K,Milton S J.Detecting process from snapshot pattern:lessons from tree spacing in the southern Kalahari.Oikos,1999,85(3):451- 466.
[8] Klaas B A,Moloney K A,Danielson B J.The tempo and mode of gopher mound production in a tallgrass prairie remnant.Ecography,2000,23(2):246- 256.
[9] Kikvidze Z,Pugnaire F I,Brooker R W,Choler P,Lortie C J,Michalet R,Callaway R M.Linking patterns and processes in alpine plant communities:a global study.Ecology,2005,86(6):1395- 1400.
[10] 郭垚鑫,康冰,李刚,王得祥,杨改河,王大伟.小陇山红桦次生林物种组成与立木的点格局分析.应用生态学报,2011,22(10):2574- 2580.
[11] 杨华,李艳丽,沈林,亢新刚.长白山云冷杉针阔混交林主要树种空间分布及其关联性.生态学报,2014,34(16):4698- 4706.
[12] da Costa Fonseca D,de Oliveira M L R,Pereira I M,Gonzaga A P D,de Moura C C,Machado E L M.Spatial pattern of Baccharis platypoda shrub as determined by sex and life stages.Acta Oecologica,2017,85:33- 43.
[13] Barot S,Gignoux J,Menaut J C.Demography of a savanna palm tree:predictions from comprehensive spatial pattern analyses.Ecology,1999,80(6):1987- 2005.
[14] 李立,陈建华,任海保,米湘成,于明坚,杨波.古田山常绿阔叶林优势树种甜槠和木荷的空间格局分析.植物生态学报,2010,34(3):241- 252.
[15] Wiegand T,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N,Okuda T.Analyzing the spatial structure of a sri lankan tree species with multiple scales of clustering.Ecology,2007,88(12):3088- 3102.
[16] 叶俊伟,袁永革,蔡荔,王晓娟.中国东北温带针阔混交林植物物种的谱系地理研究进展.生物多样性,2017,25(12):1339- 1349.
[17] 杨超,程宝栋,谢屹,宋维明.中国木材产业发展的阶段识别及时空分异特征.自然资源学报,2017,32(2):235- 244.
[18] 马文学.伊春国有林区生态保护与经济转型问题研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.
[19] 景鑫,段文标,陈立新,王婷,杜珊,张玉双,陈启民.小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林主要种群及林隙形成木的空间格局.应用生态学报,2015,26(10):2928- 2936.
[20] 张健,郝占庆,宋波,叶吉,李步杭,姚晓琳.长白山阔叶红松林中红松与紫椴的空间分布格局及其关联性.应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1681- 1687.
[21] 王磊,孙启武,郝朝运,田胜尼,张姗姗,陈一锟,张小平.皖南山区南方红豆杉种群不同龄级立木的点格局分析.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):272- 278.
[22] Wiegand T,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N.Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest.The American Naturalist,2007,170(4):E77-E95.
[23] 常伟,党坤良,武朋辉,李明雨.秦岭林区锐齿栎次生林种群空间分布格局.生态学报,2016,36(4):1021- 1029.
[24] Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Handbook of Spatial Point-Pattern Analysis in Ecology.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2013.
[25] 李国春,宋华东,李琦,卜书海.太白山巴山冷杉林主要树种与开花秦岭箭竹的空间点格局分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(11):3487- 3493.
[26] 孙越,夏富才,何怀江,刘宝东,王戈戎,李良.长白山东北坡长白落叶松——白桦次生林群落结构特征.北京林业大学学报,2016,38(12):28- 38.
[27] 李文华.小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林群落结构和演替的研究.资源科学,1980,2(4):17- 29.
[28] 张觅,米湘成,金光泽.小兴安岭凉水谷地云冷杉林群落组成与空间格局.科学通报,2014,59(24):2377- 2387.
[29] 李意德.海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林的群落结构特征.热带亚热带植物学报,1997,5(1):18- 26.
[30] Wright J S.Plant diversity in tropical forests:a review of mechanisms of species coexistence.Oecologia,2002,130(1):1- 14.
[31] 吴初平,袁位高,盛卫星,黄玉洁,陈庆标,沈爱华,朱锦茹,江波.浙江省典型天然次生林主要树种空间分布格局及其关联性.生态学报,2018,38(2):537- 549.
[32] 侯红亚,王立海.小兴安岭阔叶红松林物种组成及主要种群的空间分布格局.应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3043- 3049.
[33] 倪瑞强,唐景毅,程艳霞,张春雨,陈贝贝,何怀江,夏富才.长白山云冷杉林主要树种空间分布及其关联性.北京林业大学学报,2013,35(6):28- 35.
[34] Moore P D,Chapman S B.Methods in Plant Ecology.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Pub,1986.
[35] Condit R,Ashton P S,Baker P,Bunyavejchewin S,Gunatilleke S,Gunatilleke N,Hubbell S P,Foster R B,Itoh A,Lafrankie J V,Lee H S,Losos E,Manokaran N,Sukumar R,Yamakura T.Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species.Science,2000,288(5470):1414- 1418.
[36] Wiegand T,Kissling W D,Cipriotti P A,Aguiar M R.Extending point pattern analysis for objects of finite size and irregular shape.Journal of Ecology,2006,94(4):825- 837.
[37] 曹光球,林思祖,丁咇,曹子林.杉阔混交林中杉木及伴生树种种群空间格局分析.中南林学院学报,2002,22(1):66- 69.
[38] Allouche O,Kalyuzhny M,Moreno-Rueda G,Pizarro M,Kadmon R.Area-heterogeneity tradeoff and the diversity of ecological communities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(43):17495- 17500.
[39] Harms K E,Condit R,Hubbell S P,Foster R B.Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot.Journal of Ecology,2001,89(6):947- 959.
[40] 郭忠玲,马元丹,郑金萍,刘万德,金哲峰.长白山落叶阔叶混交林的物种多样性、种群空间分布格局及种间关联性研究.应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2013- 2018.
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