有机肥施用对土壤环境潜在风险研究进展
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摘要
施用有机肥是培肥地力、改良土壤的重要方式,有机肥在提高土壤供肥能力和作物产量、改良作物根际生态环境、改善作物的营养品质及抑制病虫害发生等方面具有重要作用,但施用有机肥也会带来一定的土壤环境风险。对规模化养殖来源为主的有机肥施用带来的土壤环境的风险进行了综述。未腐熟的有机肥施入农田易出现烧苗、病虫害等问题,对农田作物环境造成不利的影响;规模化养殖场畜禽粪便生产的有机肥存在重金属、抗生素和激素残留的现象,施入农田具有一定的重金属和有机污染物污染的风险;此外,有机肥的不合理的施用还存在农田氮磷流失,可能会对水体造成富营养化的风险。通过分析有机肥对土壤肥力及环境风险的影响,为农业生产中有机肥的合理施用提供借鉴,在降低环境风险的同时达到培肥土壤与提高作物产量和品质的目的。
Application of organic fertilizer is an important way to improve soil fertility. Organic fertilizer plays an important role in supplying nutrients, increasing crop yield, improving crop rhizosphere ecological environment, promoting crop nutrition quality and inhibiting pest and disease occurrence. However, there are some soil environmental risks with the application of organic fertilizers. The risk of soil environment caused by the application of organic fertilizers from the large-scale breeding sources was reviewed. The application of unfertilized organic fertilizer to farmland is prone to problems such as burning seedlings, pests and diseases, and adversely affecting cropland environment. There are heavy metals, antibiotics and hormone residues in the organic fertilizer produced by large-scale farm livestock and poultry manure with certain risk of heavy metal and organic pollutant pollution in the farmland. In addition, the unreasonable application of organic fertilizer also causes the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the farmland, which may raise eutrophication of the water body. By analyzing the effects of organic fertilizers on soil fertility and environmental risks, it can provide reference for the rational application of organic fertilizers in agricultural production,and achieve the purpose of fertilizing soil and improving crop yield and quality with reducing environmental risks.
Application of organic fertilizer is an important way to improve soil fertility. Organic fertilizer plays an important role in supplying nutrients, increasing crop yield, improving crop rhizosphere ecological environment, promoting crop nutrition quality and inhibiting pest and disease occurrence. However, there are some soil environmental risks with the application of organic fertilizers. The risk of soil environment caused by the application of organic fertilizers from the large-scale breeding sources was reviewed. The application of unfertilized organic fertilizer to farmland is prone to problems such as burning seedlings, pests and diseases, and adversely affecting cropland environment. There are heavy metals, antibiotics and hormone residues in the organic fertilizer produced by large-scale farm livestock and poultry manure with certain risk of heavy metal and organic pollutant pollution in the farmland. In addition, the unreasonable application of organic fertilizer also causes the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the farmland, which may raise eutrophication of the water body. By analyzing the effects of organic fertilizers on soil fertility and environmental risks, it can provide reference for the rational application of organic fertilizers in agricultural production,and achieve the purpose of fertilizing soil and improving crop yield and quality with reducing environmental risks.
引文
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