羟丙基甲基纤维素作土壤改良剂对土壤溶质运移的影响
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摘要
羟丙基甲基纤维素(hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose,HPMC)是一种潜在的土壤改良剂,加入土壤中后具有明显的减渗效果,对缓解黄土高原水土养分的流失具有重要意义。该文通过在土壤中施加不同含量的HPMC,研究HPMC对土壤溶质迁移特性的影响。结果表明:1)HPMC质量分数在0～0.5 g/kg范围内,饱和导水率随HPMC添加量增大而逐渐减小,0.5g/kg组相比未添加HPMC的空白组降低37.3%;土壤中保守性溶质的运移速度显著降低;随HPMC添加量增加,溶质的初始和完全穿透时间明显推迟,穿透总历时延长;2)CDE方程和两区模型均能较好地模拟在土壤中添加不同含量HPMC时溶质的运移状况,2种模型的拟合曲线也均能与实测曲线较好吻合,但两区模型的模拟精度更高。3)基于两区模型的参数拟合结果,随HPMC添加量的增加,平均孔隙水流速越小,水动力弥散系数、弥散度和质量交换系数均增加,而土壤可动水体的含水量比率逐渐减少。
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC) is a kind of soil modifier. Effect of HPMC addition on solute migration characteristics of soil was studied in this study. The test soil was silty loam. HPMC was added into soils based on different contents of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg. The column-shaped plexiglass soil column with a height of 50 cm and a diameter of 5 cm was prepared. The soil loading height was 20 cm and the bulk density was 1.31 g/cm3. Water was supplied in a Markov bottle. After the soil column was fully infiltrated, water was supplied continuously at the fixed water head of 4.5 cm. The effluent was collected to calculate the saturated water conductivity of the soil. Then, water supply stopped and the surface water of column was removed. The water was replaced with 0.2 mol/LCaCl2 solution for the solute migration experiment. Tubes(10 mL) were used to collect the fluid at the lower end of the soil column once every 10 mL. The concentration of chlorine ions was determined by potassium chromate-silver nitrate method until the concentration of Cl-in effluent almost equaled to that in markov bottle. At the end of the experiment, the saturated water conductivity, penetration curve characteristics and penetration time of soil under different HPMC additions were compared and analyzed. The main parameters of the convection-dispersion equation(CDE) and the two-region model(TRM) were fitted by the software CXTIFIT2.1. The migration characteristics of soil solute were further studied by analyzing the change of parameters. The results showed that: 1) When the HPMC content was within the range of 0-0.5 g/kg, and the saturated conductivity decreased with the increase of HPMC content. 2) Applying a certain amount of HPMC in the soil could significantly reduce the migration velocity of solute. With the increase of HPMC content, the relative concentration of solute decreased with the same pore volume. 3) Increasing HPMC addition content could delay the initial penetration time and complete penetration time, and thus the total penetration time. 4) Both the CDE and TRM models could well simulate the migration of solute in soils with different contents of HPMC. The fitting curves of both models could be in good agreement with the measured curves, but the simulation accuracy of the TRM model was higher. 5) Based on the parameter fitting results of the TRM, with the increase of HPMC, the mean pore water velocity was smaller, and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, dispersion degree and mass exchange coefficient were increased. Since HPMC had good water holding capacity, the application of HPMC also increased the water content ratio of immovable water in soil. Therefore, HPMC has great potential in adjusting soil pore structure and slowing soil nutrient loss. This study provides new ideas and methods for improving soil and water nutrient loss.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC) is a kind of soil modifier. Effect of HPMC addition on solute migration characteristics of soil was studied in this study. The test soil was silty loam. HPMC was added into soils based on different contents of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg. The column-shaped plexiglass soil column with a height of 50 cm and a diameter of 5 cm was prepared. The soil loading height was 20 cm and the bulk density was 1.31 g/cm3. Water was supplied in a Markov bottle. After the soil column was fully infiltrated, water was supplied continuously at the fixed water head of 4.5 cm. The effluent was collected to calculate the saturated water conductivity of the soil. Then, water supply stopped and the surface water of column was removed. The water was replaced with 0.2 mol/LCaCl2 solution for the solute migration experiment. Tubes(10 mL) were used to collect the fluid at the lower end of the soil column once every 10 mL. The concentration of chlorine ions was determined by potassium chromate-silver nitrate method until the concentration of Cl-in effluent almost equaled to that in markov bottle. At the end of the experiment, the saturated water conductivity, penetration curve characteristics and penetration time of soil under different HPMC additions were compared and analyzed. The main parameters of the convection-dispersion equation(CDE) and the two-region model(TRM) were fitted by the software CXTIFIT2.1. The migration characteristics of soil solute were further studied by analyzing the change of parameters. The results showed that: 1) When the HPMC content was within the range of 0-0.5 g/kg, and the saturated conductivity decreased with the increase of HPMC content. 2) Applying a certain amount of HPMC in the soil could significantly reduce the migration velocity of solute. With the increase of HPMC content, the relative concentration of solute decreased with the same pore volume. 3) Increasing HPMC addition content could delay the initial penetration time and complete penetration time, and thus the total penetration time. 4) Both the CDE and TRM models could well simulate the migration of solute in soils with different contents of HPMC. The fitting curves of both models could be in good agreement with the measured curves, but the simulation accuracy of the TRM model was higher. 5) Based on the parameter fitting results of the TRM, with the increase of HPMC, the mean pore water velocity was smaller, and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, dispersion degree and mass exchange coefficient were increased. Since HPMC had good water holding capacity, the application of HPMC also increased the water content ratio of immovable water in soil. Therefore, HPMC has great potential in adjusting soil pore structure and slowing soil nutrient loss. This study provides new ideas and methods for improving soil and water nutrient loss.
引文
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[7]王易.新型生物种衣剂的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014:2-3.Wang Yi. Research on New Biological Seed Coat Agents[D].Changsha:HunanAgriculturalUniversity,2014:2-3.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]王海燕.羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)作为种衣成膜剂的应用性能研究[J].天津农业科学,2018,24(6):60-62.WangHaiyan.Studyontheapplicationperformanceof hydroxylpropylmethylcelluloseasakindofmembraneforming agent[J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 24(6):60-62.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[10]魏峰,王全九,周蓓蓓.考虑尺度效应的瞬时输入溶质运移模型及解析解[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(16):129-135.WeiFeng,WangQuanjiu,ZhouBeibei,etal.Analytical solutionforscale-dependentsolutetransportmodelwith instantaneous source[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society ofAgriculturalEngineering(TransactionsoftheCSAE),2014, 30(16):129-135.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]王百田,马丰斌,张府娥,等.凝胶状保水剂使用效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):65-68.WangBaitian,MaFengbin,ZhangFue,etal.Studyon applicationeffectofgelatinofsuperabsorbentpolymers[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(2):65-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]吴军虎,任敏.羟丙甲纤维素对土壤水分入渗特性及水稳性团聚体的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):66-71,235.WuJunhu,RenMin.Effectofhydroxypropylmethyl celluloseonsoilwatermovementandwaterstable aggregate[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018,32(6):66-71, 235.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]李小囝,郭崇武,罗小平.氯化物三价铬镀铬液中氯离子和溴离子总浓度的测定[J].电镀与涂饰,2017,36(4):49-50.Li Xiaojian, Guo Chongwu, Luo Xiaoping. Determination of total concentration of chloride and bromide ions in trivalent chromiumplatingbath inchloridesystem[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2017,36(4):49-50.(inChinesewithEnglish abstract)
[14]邵明安,王全久,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[15]VanGenuchtenMTh,WagenetRJ.Two-site/two-region modelsforpesticidetransportanddegradation:Theoretical development and analytical solutions[J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J,1989, 53:1303-1310
[16]周蓓蓓.土石混合介质水分溶质运移的试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.ZhouBeibei.ExperimentalStudyonWaterandSoil Transport of the Soil-stone Mixture.[D]. Yangling:Northwest Sci-TechUniversityofAgricultureandForestry,2009.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李韵株,李保国.土壤溶质运移[M]北京:科学出版社1998.
[18]BearJ.HydraulicsofGroundwater[M].NewYork:Mc Graw-Hill, 1979.
[19]李新洁,李功胜,贾现正.非对称分数阶对流弥散的数值模拟及参数反演[J].高等学校计算数学学报,2013,35(4):309-326.LiXinjie,LiGongsheng,JiaXianzheng.Numerical simulationandparametersinversionfornon-symmetric fractionaladvectiondispersionequation[J].Numerical Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities, 2013, 35(4):309-326.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]郑纪勇,邵明安,张兴昌,等.坡地土壤溶质迁移参数的空间变异特性[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1285-1289.Zheng Jiyong, Shao Mingan, Zhang Xingchang, et al. Spatial variabilityofslopelandsoilsolutetransportparameters[J].ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,2005,16(7):1285-1289.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]杜聪,贾晓辉,沈青.HPMC水凝胶溶胀性能的影响因素研究[J].纤维素科学与技术,2011,19(1):47-51.DuCong,JiaXiaohui,ShenQing.Influencingfactorsin swelling of HPMC hydrogel[J]. Journal of Cellulose Science andTechnology,2011,19(1):47-51.(inChinesewith English abstract)
[22]高杰.羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)对面团加工性质和油条品质的影响及相关机理研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2018.GaoJie.StudyontheEffectofHydroxypropyl Methylcellulose(HPMC)ontheProcessingPropertiesof DoughandtheQualityofYoutiaoandtheRelated Mechanisms[D]. Hefei:Hefei University of Technology, 2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]王艳茹.羟丙基甲基纤维素醚对改性发泡水泥保温板孔结构和性能的影响[J].新型建筑材料,2017,44(9):119-122.WangYanru.EffectofHPMContheporestructureand properties of foam cement insulation board[J]. New Building Materials, 2017, 44(9):119-122.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Bear J. Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media[M].New York:Courier Corporation, 2013.
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