汾河上游不同土地利用方式对坡地水土流失的影响
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摘要
以汾河上游阳坡小流域为研究区,在2015—2017年进行了天然降雨条件下的坡面产流产沙小区试验,结果表明:(1)研究区的侵蚀性降雨在年内和年际间分布很不均匀。少数几次强降雨对降雨侵蚀力的贡献很大。(2)不同侵蚀性降雨条件下,鱼鳞坑+乔木或灌木拦蓄径流或泥沙能力最强,裸地最弱;坡面产流量大小依次为:裸地>坡耕地>草地>油松>黄刺玫>鱼鳞坑+油松>鱼鳞坑+黄刺玫。坡面产沙量大小规律为:鱼鳞坑+乔或灌<草地<乔或灌<坡耕地<裸地。(3)随着雨量增加,各植被小区的径流调控率和泥沙调控率均呈下降趋势;相近雨量时,随着雨强的增加,径流调控率和泥沙调控率明显下降。(4)各小区的降雨量和产流量、产流量和产沙量之间呈现显著正相关(P<0.05)。在裸地、黄刺玫及草地小区,I30与产流量之间是均无显著相关。在裸地、油松、黄刺玫、耕地小区,I30和产沙量之间无显著相关。
Based on field observations of runoff and sediments of water and soil erosion under different land u ses generated on runoff plots and rainfall data from 2015 to 2017,we studied quantitatively the effects in upper area of Fen River.The results showed that:(1)The distribution of erosion rainfall in the study area was very uneven within a year and between years.Several times of heavy rainfall contributed a lot to the erosion of rainfall.(2)Under different rainfall conditions,the runoff or sediment holding capacity of the fish-scale pit+trees or shrubs was the strongest,while the bare land was the weakest.The runoff yield on slope was as follows:bare land>slope farmland>grassland>Pinus tabuliformis Carrière>Rosa xanthina Lindl.>fish-scale pit and Pinus tabuliformis Carrière>fish-scale pit and Rosa xanthina Lindl..The slope sediment yield was:fish-scale pit and trees or shrubs
Based on field observations of runoff and sediments of water and soil erosion under different land u ses generated on runoff plots and rainfall data from 2015 to 2017,we studied quantitatively the effects in upper area of Fen River.The results showed that:(1)The distribution of erosion rainfall in the study area was very uneven within a year and between years.Several times of heavy rainfall contributed a lot to the erosion of rainfall.(2)Under different rainfall conditions,the runoff or sediment holding capacity of the fish-scale pit+trees or shrubs was the strongest,while the bare land was the weakest.The runoff yield on slope was as follows:bare land>slope farmland>grassland>Pinus tabuliformis Carrière>Rosa xanthina Lindl.>fish-scale pit and Pinus tabuliformis Carrière>fish-scale pit and Rosa xanthina Lindl..The slope sediment yield was:fish-scale pit and trees or shrubs
引文
[1]李锐.中国水土流失基础研究的机遇与挑战[J].自然杂志,2008,30(1):6-11.
[2]Mohammad A G,Adam M A.The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses[J].Catena,2010,81(2):97-103.
[3]汪邦稳,肖胜生,张光辉,等.南方红壤区不同利用土地产流产沙特征试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):239-243.
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[5]姜娜,邵明安.黄土高原小流域坡地不同利用方式的水土流失特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):36-41.
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[8]李京京,吕哲敏,石小平,等.基于地形梯度的汾河流域土地利用时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):230-236.
[9]孟宪文,薛占金.汾河流域2010年土地退化成因分析及经济损失估算[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(1):148-152.
[10]韩丽君,李晶.近10年汾河流域植被覆盖时空变化研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(6):824-831.
[11]赵颖,党晋华,王飞.汾河流域水系和表层沉积物中多环芳烃的空间变化规律及其生态风险研究[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(3):579-596.
[12]侯志华,马义娟.黄土高原汾河流域地表景观演变特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):93-99.
[13]苏常红,王亚璐.汾河上游流域生态系统服务变化及驱动因素[J].生态学报,2018,38(22):7886-7898.
[14]张凯,吴斌,秦作栋,等.基于SWAT模型的汾河上游径流过程模拟研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2013,36(3):491-496.
[15]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Rainfall energy and its relationship to soil loss[J].Transaction American Geophysical Unionisom,1958,39(2):285-291.
[16]Francesco G,Carollo,Maria A,et al.Characterizing rainfall erosivity by kinetic power-Median volume diameter relationship[J].Catena,2018,165(4):12-21.
[17]Nikolaos E.Evaluating the performance of different empirical rainfall erosivity(R)factor formulas using sediment yield measurements[J].Catena,2018,169(10):195-208.
[18]Ju-Young S,Taereem K,Jun-Haeng H,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in rainfall erosivity and erosivity density in South Korea[J].Catena,2019,176(5):125-144.
[19]赖成光,陈晓宏,王兆礼,等.珠江流域1960-2012年降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):159-164.
[20]刘春利,杨勤科,谢红霞.延河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):850-855.
[21]Soksamnang K,何洪鸣,赵宏飞,等.黄土高原50余年来降雨侵蚀力变化及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):1-7.
[22]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[23]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.1960-2009年中国降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):245-256.
[24]王萍,王克勤,李太兴,等.反坡水平阶对坡耕地径流和泥沙的调控作用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1261-1267.
[25]马岚,黄生志,黄强,等.渭河流域降雨与降雨侵蚀力变化的原因分析[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):174-189.
[26]杨波,王全九,郭思琪.1988-2013年陕北风沙区秃尾河流域土壤侵蚀时空变化特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(4):56-65.
[27]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报1996,16(5):1-20.
[28]贾志军,王小平,李俊义,等.晋西黄土高原降雨侵蚀力研究(续)[J].中国水土保持,1991(2):18-22.
[2]Mohammad A G,Adam M A.The impact of vegetative cover type on runoff and soil erosion under different land uses[J].Catena,2010,81(2):97-103.
[3]汪邦稳,肖胜生,张光辉,等.南方红壤区不同利用土地产流产沙特征试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):239-243.
[4]佘冬立,邵明安,薛亚锋,等.坡面土地利用格局变化的水土保持效应[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):22-27.
[5]姜娜,邵明安.黄土高原小流域坡地不同利用方式的水土流失特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):36-41.
[6]王全九,赵光旭,刘艳丽,等.植被类型对黄土坡地产流产沙及氮磷流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):195-201.
[7]何杨洋,王晓燕,段淑怀.密云水库上游流域次降雨坡面产流产沙特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):134-142.
[8]李京京,吕哲敏,石小平,等.基于地形梯度的汾河流域土地利用时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):230-236.
[9]孟宪文,薛占金.汾河流域2010年土地退化成因分析及经济损失估算[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(1):148-152.
[10]韩丽君,李晶.近10年汾河流域植被覆盖时空变化研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(6):824-831.
[11]赵颖,党晋华,王飞.汾河流域水系和表层沉积物中多环芳烃的空间变化规律及其生态风险研究[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(3):579-596.
[12]侯志华,马义娟.黄土高原汾河流域地表景观演变特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):93-99.
[13]苏常红,王亚璐.汾河上游流域生态系统服务变化及驱动因素[J].生态学报,2018,38(22):7886-7898.
[14]张凯,吴斌,秦作栋,等.基于SWAT模型的汾河上游径流过程模拟研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2013,36(3):491-496.
[15]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Rainfall energy and its relationship to soil loss[J].Transaction American Geophysical Unionisom,1958,39(2):285-291.
[16]Francesco G,Carollo,Maria A,et al.Characterizing rainfall erosivity by kinetic power-Median volume diameter relationship[J].Catena,2018,165(4):12-21.
[17]Nikolaos E.Evaluating the performance of different empirical rainfall erosivity(R)factor formulas using sediment yield measurements[J].Catena,2018,169(10):195-208.
[18]Ju-Young S,Taereem K,Jun-Haeng H,et al.Spatial and temporal variations in rainfall erosivity and erosivity density in South Korea[J].Catena,2019,176(5):125-144.
[19]赖成光,陈晓宏,王兆礼,等.珠江流域1960-2012年降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):159-164.
[20]刘春利,杨勤科,谢红霞.延河流域降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):850-855.
[21]Soksamnang K,何洪鸣,赵宏飞,等.黄土高原50余年来降雨侵蚀力变化及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):1-7.
[22]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[23]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.1960-2009年中国降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):245-256.
[24]王萍,王克勤,李太兴,等.反坡水平阶对坡耕地径流和泥沙的调控作用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1261-1267.
[25]马岚,黄生志,黄强,等.渭河流域降雨与降雨侵蚀力变化的原因分析[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):174-189.
[26]杨波,王全九,郭思琪.1988-2013年陕北风沙区秃尾河流域土壤侵蚀时空变化特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(4):56-65.
[27]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报1996,16(5):1-20.
[28]贾志军,王小平,李俊义,等.晋西黄土高原降雨侵蚀力研究(续)[J].中国水土保持,1991(2):18-22.
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