耕作深度对红壤坡耕地土壤水稳性团聚体特征的影响
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摘要
为探讨耕作深度对第四纪红黏土土壤水稳性团聚体特征的影响,本研究依托2015年设置的红壤坡耕地合理耕作深度定位试验,试验设置免耕(NT)、翻耕10 cm(P_(10))、翻耕20 cm(P_(20))和翻耕30 cm(P_(30))共4种试验处理,利用湿筛法测定了土壤2～8 mm,0.25～2 mm,0.25～0.053 mm和<0.053 mm粒径的团聚体的百分含量,并计算了>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的百分含量(R_(0.25))、平均质量直径(MWD)、平均几何直径(GWD)和分形维数(D)。结果表明:4种试验处理下土壤团聚体含量均以0.25～2 mm粒径最高,其次是0.053～0.25 mm粒径。与NT相比,2～8 mm粒径的土壤团聚体含量在P_(10),P_(20)和P_(30)处理下均显著下降(p<0.05),微团聚体(<0.25 mm)含量在P_(10)和P_(30)处理下在整体上呈上升趋势,而微团聚体(<0.25 mm)含量在P_(20)处理下变化较小。土壤团聚体的R_(0.25),MWD,GMD值在NT和P_(20)处理下整体上高于P_(10)和P_(30)处理,且土壤团聚体的D值在NT和P_(20)处理下低于P_(10)和P_(30)处理,表明NT和P_(20)处理的土壤性团聚体稳定性比P_(10)和P_(30)处理更好。此外,耕作扰动下(P_(10),P_(20),P_(30))花生产量与0.25～2 mm粒径的土壤团聚体含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与土壤团聚体的R_(0.25)和GMD值呈显著正相关(p<0.05),表明红壤坡耕地0.25～2 mm粒径的土壤水稳性团聚体含量能为土壤肥力的表征提供物理性诊断指标,而土壤团聚体的R_(0.25)和GMD值一定程度上能反映土壤肥力的水平。
In order to investigate the effects of tillage depth on the characteristics of water-stable aggregates of Quaternary red clay soil, the positioning field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017. The experiment was designed into four treatments, including no-tillage(NT), tillage 10 cm(P_(10)), tillage 20 cm(P_(20)) and tillage 30 cm(P_(30)). Soil samples were collected from the 0～15 cm and 15～30 cm soil layers of the plots of the four treatments. proportions of the aggregate sizes of 2～8 mm, 0.25～2 mm, 0.053～0.25 mm and <0.053 mm were determined by using the wet screening method., The amount of >0.25 mm aggregate(R_(0.25)), mean weight diameter(MWD), mean geometric diameter(GMD) and fractal dimension(D) of the fractions of soil aggregates were calculated, respectively. The results showed that the content of soil aggregate of 0.25～2 mm particle was the highest under the all experimental treatments, followed by the size of 0.053～0.25 mm; compared to NT, the content of soil aggregate of >2 mm decreased significantly under the treatments of P_(10), P_(20) and P_(30)(p<0.05), and the content of microaggregate(<0.25 mm) increased under the treatments of P_(10) and P_(30) as a whole; the microaggregate(<0.25 mm) content changed little under P_(20) treatment. The values of R_(0.25), MWD, and GMD of the aggregates under NT and P_(20) treatments were higher than those of P_(10) and P_(30), and values of D of soil aggregates under NT and P_(20) treatments were lower than those of P_(10) and P_(30). It was indicated that the stability of soil aggregates under NT and P_(20) treatment were more stable than P_(10) and P_(30) treatments. In addition, the peanut yield was significantly positively correlated with the content of soil aggregate of 0.25～2 mm under the treatment of P_(10), P_(20) and P_(30)(p<0.01), and was significantly positively correlated with the values of R_(0.25) and GMD of the aggregates(p<0.05). It could thus be concluded that the content of soil water-stable aggregate of 0.25～2 mm could be used as the physical indicator to evaluate fertility of red soil sloping field, and the values of R_(0.25) and GMD of the aggregates could well indicate the soil fertility.
In order to investigate the effects of tillage depth on the characteristics of water-stable aggregates of Quaternary red clay soil, the positioning field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017. The experiment was designed into four treatments, including no-tillage(NT), tillage 10 cm(P_(10)), tillage 20 cm(P_(20)) and tillage 30 cm(P_(30)). Soil samples were collected from the 0～15 cm and 15～30 cm soil layers of the plots of the four treatments. proportions of the aggregate sizes of 2～8 mm, 0.25～2 mm, 0.053～0.25 mm and <0.053 mm were determined by using the wet screening method., The amount of >0.25 mm aggregate(R_(0.25)), mean weight diameter(MWD), mean geometric diameter(GMD) and fractal dimension(D) of the fractions of soil aggregates were calculated, respectively. The results showed that the content of soil aggregate of 0.25～2 mm particle was the highest under the all experimental treatments, followed by the size of 0.053～0.25 mm; compared to NT, the content of soil aggregate of >2 mm decreased significantly under the treatments of P_(10), P_(20) and P_(30)(p<0.05), and the content of microaggregate(<0.25 mm) increased under the treatments of P_(10) and P_(30) as a whole; the microaggregate(<0.25 mm) content changed little under P_(20) treatment. The values of R_(0.25), MWD, and GMD of the aggregates under NT and P_(20) treatments were higher than those of P_(10) and P_(30), and values of D of soil aggregates under NT and P_(20) treatments were lower than those of P_(10) and P_(30). It was indicated that the stability of soil aggregates under NT and P_(20) treatment were more stable than P_(10) and P_(30) treatments. In addition, the peanut yield was significantly positively correlated with the content of soil aggregate of 0.25～2 mm under the treatment of P_(10), P_(20) and P_(30)(p<0.01), and was significantly positively correlated with the values of R_(0.25) and GMD of the aggregates(p<0.05). It could thus be concluded that the content of soil water-stable aggregate of 0.25～2 mm could be used as the physical indicator to evaluate fertility of red soil sloping field, and the values of R_(0.25) and GMD of the aggregates could well indicate the soil fertility.
引文
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[7] 徐国鑫,王子芳,高明,等.秸秆与生物炭还田对土壤团聚体及固碳特征的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):355-362.
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[10] 李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.
[11] 刘文利,吴景贵,傅民杰,等.种植年限对果园土壤团聚体分布与稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):129-135.
[12] 李玮,郑子成,李廷轩,等.不同植茶年限土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6326-6336.
[13] 黄尚书,钟义军,叶川,等.深松与压实对红壤坡耕地土壤物理性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(6):1347-1353.
[14] 刘志鹏,史东梅,金慧芳,等.红壤坡耕地耕层土壤质量特征及障碍因素研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):7-13.
[15] 钟义军,黄欠如,武琳,等.水保措施对红壤旱地团聚体及其特性的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):961-965.
[16] 安婉丽,高灯州,潘婷,等.水稻秸秆还田对福州平原稻田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1833-1840.
[17] Katz A J,Thompson A H.Fractal sandstone pores:Implications for conductivity and pore formation[J].Physical Review Letters,1985,54(12):1325-1328.
[18] Turcotte D L.Fractals and Fragmentation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1986,91(B2):1921-1926.
[19] 赵世伟,苏静,杨永辉,等.宁南黄土丘陵区植被恢复对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(3):27-28.
[20] 黄尚书,武琳,叶川,等.耕作深度对红壤坡耕地花生根系生长及活力的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(12):9-12.
[21] 杨贺菲,赵静,张旭.免耕和稻草覆盖对红壤旱地土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(10):45-49.
[22] Sodhi G P S,Beri V,Benbi D K.Soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different fractions under long-term application of compost in rice-wheat system[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,103(2):412-418.
[23] 梁爱珍,张晓平,杨学明,等.耕作对东北黑土团聚体粒级分布及其稳定性的短期影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(1):154-158.
[24] 张会慧,王世标,王均睿,等.三江平原湿地不同利用方式对土壤理化性质及团聚体组成的影响[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(6):1679-1687.
[2] 成艳红,武琳,孙慧娟,等.稻草覆盖和香根草篱对红壤水稳性团聚体组成及有机碳含量的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3518-3524.
[3] 田慎重,王瑜,李娜,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对华北地区农田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7116-7124.
[4] 廖洪凯,龙健,李娟,等.花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeamun)种植对喀斯特山区土壤水稳性团聚体分布及有机碳周转的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):106-113.
[5] 张赛,王龙昌.保护性耕作对土壤团聚体及其有机碳含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):263-267.
[6] 黄欠如,胡锋,袁颖红,等.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土团聚体特征的影响[J].土壤,2007,39(4):608-613.
[7] 徐国鑫,王子芳,高明,等.秸秆与生物炭还田对土壤团聚体及固碳特征的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):355-362.
[8] Liu Z,Chen X,Jing Y,et al.Effects of biochar amendment on rapeseed and sweet potato yields and water stable aggregate in upland red soil[J].Catena,2014,123:45-51.
[9] 韩新生,马璠,郭永忠,等.土地利用方式对表层土壤水稳性团聚体的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(2):114-120.
[10] 李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.
[11] 刘文利,吴景贵,傅民杰,等.种植年限对果园土壤团聚体分布与稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):129-135.
[12] 李玮,郑子成,李廷轩,等.不同植茶年限土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6326-6336.
[13] 黄尚书,钟义军,叶川,等.深松与压实对红壤坡耕地土壤物理性质的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(6):1347-1353.
[14] 刘志鹏,史东梅,金慧芳,等.红壤坡耕地耕层土壤质量特征及障碍因素研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):7-13.
[15] 钟义军,黄欠如,武琳,等.水保措施对红壤旱地团聚体及其特性的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):961-965.
[16] 安婉丽,高灯州,潘婷,等.水稻秸秆还田对福州平原稻田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1833-1840.
[17] Katz A J,Thompson A H.Fractal sandstone pores:Implications for conductivity and pore formation[J].Physical Review Letters,1985,54(12):1325-1328.
[18] Turcotte D L.Fractals and Fragmentation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1986,91(B2):1921-1926.
[19] 赵世伟,苏静,杨永辉,等.宁南黄土丘陵区植被恢复对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(3):27-28.
[20] 黄尚书,武琳,叶川,等.耕作深度对红壤坡耕地花生根系生长及活力的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(12):9-12.
[21] 杨贺菲,赵静,张旭.免耕和稻草覆盖对红壤旱地土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(10):45-49.
[22] Sodhi G P S,Beri V,Benbi D K.Soil aggregation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different fractions under long-term application of compost in rice-wheat system[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,103(2):412-418.
[23] 梁爱珍,张晓平,杨学明,等.耕作对东北黑土团聚体粒级分布及其稳定性的短期影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(1):154-158.
[24] 张会慧,王世标,王均睿,等.三江平原湿地不同利用方式对土壤理化性质及团聚体组成的影响[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(6):1679-1687.
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