辽西半干旱区不同施氮水平下玉米‖花生系统对花生结瘤特性的影响
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摘要
以农业部阜新农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站为研究平台,采用微区试验,设置不同种植模式(玉米单作、花生单作和玉米‖花生间作)及不同施氮量(0、100和200 kg/hm2),研究不同供氮水平下玉米‖花生系统对花生根瘤特性的影响,结果表明,辽西风沙半干旱区玉米‖花生系统可显著增加各个生育时期的花生根瘤数,与单作花生相比,间作花生在不施氮条件下的根瘤增幅为1.79倍,施氮条件下平均增幅为4.81倍,即间作可明显促进花生根瘤形成,且在施氮条件下促进作用更加显著;研究还发现,玉米‖花生体系对花生根瘤形成的影响存在边行效应,靠近玉米的花生行根瘤增幅大于远离玉米的花生行。此外,单作及间作花生都存在"氮阻遏"现象,即随着施氮量的增加,花生根瘤形成受到抑制,玉米‖花生系统作物相互作用可对花生"氮阻遏"起到减缓作用。
To clarify the nodulation characteristic of peanut in maize‖peanut intercropping system of semi-arid area in west Liaoning,a micro plot field experiment was conducted at Fuxin Science Observation Research Stations of Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation,including the treatments of different planting patterns(sole maize,sole peanut and maize‖peanut intercropping)and different N amount(0,100 and 200 kg/hm2). The results showed that the nodule number of peanut significantly increased in all growth stages by maize‖peanut intercropping system. The increasing range of N0 treatment was1.79 times,and average increasing range of N1 and N2 was 4.81 times,which indicated that the intercropping system promoted the nodulation of peanut,especially in the condition of N applying. What's more,there was a border effect in the maize‖peanut intercropping,which showed the nodule number of peanut close to maize row was more than that of peanut far from the maize. In addition,as the N amount increased,the nodulation of peanut was inhibited. Besides,there was alleviatory effect on the inhibitory effect of N fertilization on the nodulation of peanut intercropped with maize.
To clarify the nodulation characteristic of peanut in maize‖peanut intercropping system of semi-arid area in west Liaoning,a micro plot field experiment was conducted at Fuxin Science Observation Research Stations of Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation,including the treatments of different planting patterns(sole maize,sole peanut and maize‖peanut intercropping)and different N amount(0,100 and 200 kg/hm2). The results showed that the nodule number of peanut significantly increased in all growth stages by maize‖peanut intercropping system. The increasing range of N0 treatment was1.79 times,and average increasing range of N1 and N2 was 4.81 times,which indicated that the intercropping system promoted the nodulation of peanut,especially in the condition of N applying. What's more,there was a border effect in the maize‖peanut intercropping,which showed the nodule number of peanut close to maize row was more than that of peanut far from the maize. In addition,as the N amount increased,the nodulation of peanut was inhibited. Besides,there was alleviatory effect on the inhibitory effect of N fertilization on the nodulation of peanut intercropped with maize.
引文
[1]孙占祥．辽西风沙半干旱区农业持续综合发展技术体系研究[J]．干旱地区农业研究, 1997, 15(3):72-77.
[2]孙占祥．辽西风沙半干旱区玉米抗旱高产栽培技术措施研究[J]．玉米科学, 1998, 6(1):37-40.
[3]冯晨,孙占祥,郑家明,等．辽西半干旱区秋覆膜对土壤水分及玉米水分利用效率的影响[J]．干旱地区农业研究, 2016,34(2):9-14.
[4]贾微,孙占祥,白伟,等．科尔沁沙地南缘旱作农田不同作物配置土壤水分效应及作物响应研究[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2014, 32(2):91-98.
[5]李楠,任亮,刘江．玉米花生间作复合模式防风蚀技术研究[J]．生物灾害科学，2013,36(2):213-216.
[6]焦念元,宁堂原,杨萌珂,等．玉米花生间作对玉米光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]．生态学报，2013, 33(14):4324-4330.
[7]焦念元,杨萌珂,宁堂原,等．玉米花生间作和磷肥对间作花生光合特性及产量的影响[J]．植物生态学报，2013,37(11):1010-1017.
[8]焦念元,李亚辉,杨潇,等．玉米/花生间作行比和施磷对玉米光合特性的影响[J]．应用生态学报，2016,27(9):2959-2967.
[9]房增国,左元梅,李隆,等．玉米-花生混作对系统内氮营养的影响研究[J]．中国生态农业学报，2005,13(3):63-64.
[10] Ding H,Duan L H,Li J,et al.Cloning and functional analysis of the peanut iron transporter AhIRT1 during iron deficiency stress and intercropping with maize[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2010,167:996-1002.
[11] Zuo Y M,Zhang F S.Effect of peanut mixed cropping with gramineous species on micronutrient concentrations and iron chlorosis of peanut plants grown in a calcareous soil[J].Plant Soil,2008,306:23-36.
[12]左元梅,李晓林,王永歧,等．玉米花生间作对花生铁营养的影响[J]．植物营养与肥料学报，1997,4(2):153-159.
[13]高砚亮,孙占祥,白伟,等．辽西半干旱区玉米与花生间作对土地生产力和水分利用效率的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2017,50(19):3702-3713.
[14]高砚亮,孙占祥,白伟,等．玉米‖花生间作系统作物产量及根系空间分布特征的影响[J]．玉米科学，2016,(6):79-87.
[15]王海新,王慧新,蔡立夫,等．花生防风蚀种植技术研究[J]．辽宁农业科学，2016,(5):37-39.
[16]李玉英,孙建好,李春杰,等．施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作系统蚕豆农艺性状及结瘤特性的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2009,42(10):3467-3474.
[17]陈文新,陈文峰．发挥生物固氮作用减少化学氮肥施用量[J]．中国农业科技导报，2004,6(6):3-6.
[18]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等．不同供N方式对大豆生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J]．大豆科学，2009,28(5):859-862.
[19]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,等．不同施氮量及供氮方式对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响[J]．江苏农业学报，2010,26(1):75-79.
[20]苗锐,张福锁,李隆．玉米、小麦和大麦与蚕豆间作体系不同根系分隔方式对蚕豆结瘤的影响[J]．植物学报，2009,44(2):197-201
[21]房增国,左元梅,李隆,等．玉米—花生混作体系中不同施氮水平对花生铁营养及固氮的影响[J]．植物营养与肥料学报，2004,(4):386-390.
[22]张向前,黄国勤,卞新民,等.红壤旱地玉米对间作大豆和花生边行效应影响的研究[J]．中国生态农业学报，2012,20(8):1010-1017.
[23] Marschner H.Mineral nutrition of higher plant[M].London,UK:Academic Press,1986.674.
[24] Fan F L,Zhang F S,Song Y N,et al.Nitrogen fixation of faba bean(Vicia faba L.)interacting with a non-legume in two contrasting intercropping systems[J].Plant and Soil,2006,283:275-286.
[25] Hardarson G,Atkins G.Optimizing biological N2 fixation by legumes in farming systems[J].Plant and Soil,2003,252:41-54.
[26] Agegnehu G,Ghizaw A,Sinebo W.Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2006,25:202-207.
[27] Salvagiotti F,Cassman K G,Specht J E,et al.Nitrogen uptake,fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans:A review[J].Field Crops Research,2008,11(1):1-13.
[2]孙占祥．辽西风沙半干旱区玉米抗旱高产栽培技术措施研究[J]．玉米科学, 1998, 6(1):37-40.
[3]冯晨,孙占祥,郑家明,等．辽西半干旱区秋覆膜对土壤水分及玉米水分利用效率的影响[J]．干旱地区农业研究, 2016,34(2):9-14.
[4]贾微,孙占祥,白伟,等．科尔沁沙地南缘旱作农田不同作物配置土壤水分效应及作物响应研究[J]．干旱地区农业研究，2014, 32(2):91-98.
[5]李楠,任亮,刘江．玉米花生间作复合模式防风蚀技术研究[J]．生物灾害科学，2013,36(2):213-216.
[6]焦念元,宁堂原,杨萌珂,等．玉米花生间作对玉米光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]．生态学报，2013, 33(14):4324-4330.
[7]焦念元,杨萌珂,宁堂原,等．玉米花生间作和磷肥对间作花生光合特性及产量的影响[J]．植物生态学报，2013,37(11):1010-1017.
[8]焦念元,李亚辉,杨潇,等．玉米/花生间作行比和施磷对玉米光合特性的影响[J]．应用生态学报，2016,27(9):2959-2967.
[9]房增国,左元梅,李隆,等．玉米-花生混作对系统内氮营养的影响研究[J]．中国生态农业学报，2005,13(3):63-64.
[10] Ding H,Duan L H,Li J,et al.Cloning and functional analysis of the peanut iron transporter AhIRT1 during iron deficiency stress and intercropping with maize[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2010,167:996-1002.
[11] Zuo Y M,Zhang F S.Effect of peanut mixed cropping with gramineous species on micronutrient concentrations and iron chlorosis of peanut plants grown in a calcareous soil[J].Plant Soil,2008,306:23-36.
[12]左元梅,李晓林,王永歧,等．玉米花生间作对花生铁营养的影响[J]．植物营养与肥料学报，1997,4(2):153-159.
[13]高砚亮,孙占祥,白伟,等．辽西半干旱区玉米与花生间作对土地生产力和水分利用效率的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2017,50(19):3702-3713.
[14]高砚亮,孙占祥,白伟,等．玉米‖花生间作系统作物产量及根系空间分布特征的影响[J]．玉米科学，2016,(6):79-87.
[15]王海新,王慧新,蔡立夫,等．花生防风蚀种植技术研究[J]．辽宁农业科学，2016,(5):37-39.
[16]李玉英,孙建好,李春杰,等．施氮对蚕豆/玉米间作系统蚕豆农艺性状及结瘤特性的影响[J]．中国农业科学，2009,42(10):3467-3474.
[17]陈文新,陈文峰．发挥生物固氮作用减少化学氮肥施用量[J]．中国农业科技导报，2004,6(6):3-6.
[18]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等．不同供N方式对大豆生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J]．大豆科学，2009,28(5):859-862.
[19]严君,韩晓增,王守宇,等．不同施氮量及供氮方式对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响[J]．江苏农业学报，2010,26(1):75-79.
[20]苗锐,张福锁,李隆．玉米、小麦和大麦与蚕豆间作体系不同根系分隔方式对蚕豆结瘤的影响[J]．植物学报，2009,44(2):197-201
[21]房增国,左元梅,李隆,等．玉米—花生混作体系中不同施氮水平对花生铁营养及固氮的影响[J]．植物营养与肥料学报，2004,(4):386-390.
[22]张向前,黄国勤,卞新民,等.红壤旱地玉米对间作大豆和花生边行效应影响的研究[J]．中国生态农业学报，2012,20(8):1010-1017.
[23] Marschner H.Mineral nutrition of higher plant[M].London,UK:Academic Press,1986.674.
[24] Fan F L,Zhang F S,Song Y N,et al.Nitrogen fixation of faba bean(Vicia faba L.)interacting with a non-legume in two contrasting intercropping systems[J].Plant and Soil,2006,283:275-286.
[25] Hardarson G,Atkins G.Optimizing biological N2 fixation by legumes in farming systems[J].Plant and Soil,2003,252:41-54.
[26] Agegnehu G,Ghizaw A,Sinebo W.Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2006,25:202-207.
[27] Salvagiotti F,Cassman K G,Specht J E,et al.Nitrogen uptake,fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans:A review[J].Field Crops Research,2008,11(1):1-13.
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